Pakistan Penal Code - Revision history

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	\| citation = [https://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/1860/actXLVof1860.html Act XLV of 1860]		\| citation = [https://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/1860/actXLVof1860.html Act XLV of 1860]
	\| territorial_extent = {{flag\|Pakistan}}		\| territorial_extent = {{flag\|Pakistan}}
	\| enacted_by = [[Governor-General of Pakistan]] ([[Ministry of Law (Pakistan)\|Law Div]])~~<~~br~~>~~		\| enacted_by = [[Governor-General of Pakistan]] ([[Ministry of Law (Pakistan)\|Law Div]])<br>
	~~<~~small~~>~~[[Imperial Legislative Council]]~~<~~/small~~>~~		<small>[[Imperial Legislative Council]]</small>
	\| date_enacted = 6 October 1860		\| date_enacted = 6 October 1860
	\| date_assented =		\| date_assented =
	\| date_commenced = 1 January 1862~~<~~br~~>~~		\| date_commenced = 1 January 1862<br>
	28 March 1949		28 March 1949
	\| date_repealed =		\| date_repealed =
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	\| caption =		\| caption =
	}}		}}
	The '''Pakistan Penal Code''' ({{Langx\|ur\|{{Nastaliq\|مجموعہ تعزیرات پاکستان}}}}; {{Transliteration\|ur\|Majmū'ah-yi ta'zīrāt-i Pākistān}}), abbreviated as '''PPC''', is a [[Criminal code\|penal code]] for all offences charged in [[Pakistan]]. After the [[Partition of India\|creation of Pakistan]] in 1947, the country inherited the [[Indian Penal Code]] (IPC), originally prepared by [[Lord Macaulay]] in 1860 on behalf of the [[British Raj\|government of British India]]. Subsequently after several amendments by different governments, in Pakistan it is now a [[Anglo-Muhammadan law\|mixture of Islamic and English law]]. Presently, the Pakistan Penal Code is still in effect and can be amended by the [[Parliament of Pakistan]].~~<~~ref~~>~~{{Cite web \|title=Private Bills - Penal \|url=http://www.senate.gov.pk/Legis%20Br/bill/Private%20Bills/penal.pdf \|website=senate.gov.pk}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~		The '''Pakistan Penal Code''' ({{Langx\|ur\|{{Nastaliq\|مجموعہ تعزیرات پاکستان}}}}; {{Transliteration\|ur\|Majmū'ah-yi ta'zīrāt-i Pākistān}}), abbreviated as '''PPC''', is a [[Criminal code\|penal code]] for all offences charged in [[Pakistan]]. After the [[Partition of India\|creation of Pakistan]] in 1947, the country inherited the [[Indian Penal Code]] (IPC), originally prepared by [[Lord Macaulay]] in 1860 on behalf of the [[British Raj\|government of British India]]. Subsequently after several amendments by different governments, in Pakistan it is now a [[Anglo-Muhammadan law\|mixture of Islamic and English law]]. Presently, the Pakistan Penal Code is still in effect and can be amended by the [[Parliament of Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Private Bills - Penal \|url=http://www.senate.gov.pk/Legis%20Br/bill/Private%20Bills/penal.pdf \|website=senate.gov.pk}}</ref>

	== History ==		== History ==
	The draft of the Indian Penal Code was prepared by the First Law Commission, and it was chaired by [[Lord Macaulay]]. Its basis is the law of England freed from superfluities, technicalities and local peculiarities. Suggestions were also derived from the French Penal Code and from Livingstone's Code of Louisiana. The draft underwent a very careful revision at the hands of Sir [[Barnes Peacock]], Chief Justice, and puisne Judges of the [[Calcutta]] [[Supreme court\|Supreme Court]] who were members of the [[Legislative Council]], and it was passed into law in 1860. Macaulay did not survive to see the Penal Code's enactment.~~<~~ref~~>~~{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z_Mz9u0BFtEC&pg=PP1\|title=MEDIA LAW AND ETHICS\|last=NEELAMALAR\|first=M.\|date=2009-11-03\|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.\|isbn=9788120339743\|language=en}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~		The draft of the Indian Penal Code was prepared by the First Law Commission, and it was chaired by [[Lord Macaulay]]. Its basis is the law of England freed from superfluities, technicalities and local peculiarities. Suggestions were also derived from the French Penal Code and from Livingstone's Code of Louisiana. The draft underwent a very careful revision at the hands of Sir [[Barnes Peacock]], Chief Justice, and puisne Judges of the [[Calcutta]] [[Supreme court\|Supreme Court]] who were members of the [[Legislative Council]], and it was passed into law in 1860. Macaulay did not survive to see the Penal Code's enactment.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z_Mz9u0BFtEC&pg=PP1\|title=MEDIA LAW AND ETHICS\|last=NEELAMALAR\|first=M.\|date=2009-11-03\|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.\|isbn=9788120339743\|language=en}}</ref>

	Though it is principally the work of a man who had hardly held a brief, and whose time was devoted to [[politics]] and [[literature]], it was universally acknowledged to be a monument of codification and an everlasting memorial to the high juristic attainments of its distinguished author. For example, even [[Cybercrime\|cybercrimes]] can be punished under the code.		Though it is principally the work of a man who had hardly held a brief, and whose time was devoted to [[politics]] and [[literature]], it was universally acknowledged to be a monument of codification and an everlasting memorial to the high juristic attainments of its distinguished author. For example, even [[Cybercrime\|cybercrimes]] can be punished under the code.

	== Structure ==		== Structure ==
	The Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) consists of 23 chapters,~~<~~ref name=":0"~~>~~{{Cite web \|title=NATLEX - Pakistan - Pakistan Penal Code (XLV of 1860). \|url=https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/r/natlex/fe/details?p3_isn=64050 \|access-date=2025-07-30 \|website=natlex.ilo.org}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~ and 511 sections covering various offenses and regulations. The PPC's jurisdiction applies throughout Pakistan and anyone who resides in the country.~~<~~ref name=":1"~~>~~{{Cite web \|date=2017 \|title=The Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 \|url=https://sherloc.unodc.org/cld/uploads/res/document/pak/1860/pakistan_penal_code_1860_html/Pakistan_Penal_Code_1860_incorporating_amendments_to_16_February_2017.pdf \|website=SHERLOC, [[United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime]]}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~		The Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) consists of 23 chapters,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|title=NATLEX - Pakistan - Pakistan Penal Code (XLV of 1860). \|url=https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/r/natlex/fe/details?p3_isn=64050 \|access-date=2025-07-30 \|website=natlex.ilo.org}}</ref> and 511 sections covering various offenses and regulations. The PPC's jurisdiction applies throughout Pakistan and anyone who resides in the country.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web \|date=2017 \|title=The Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 \|url=https://sherloc.unodc.org/cld/uploads/res/document/pak/1860/pakistan_penal_code_1860_html/Pakistan_Penal_Code_1860_incorporating_amendments_to_16_February_2017.pdf \|website=SHERLOC, [[United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime]]}}</ref>
	{\| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
	\|+Pakistan Penal Code (PPC); Sections 1 to 511~~<~~ref name=":1" /~~>~~		\|+Pakistan Penal Code (PPC); Sections 1 to 511<ref name=":1" />
	!Chapter		!Chapter
	!Sections covered		!Sections covered
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	=== PPC Criminal Offences ===		=== PPC Criminal Offences ===
	This law states that any person who commits a crime within Pakistan will be punished according to the laws of Pakistan and no other laws.~~<~~ref~~>~~{{Cite web \|title=Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860)-Act XLV of 1860		This law states that any person who commits a crime within Pakistan will be punished according to the laws of Pakistan and no other laws.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860)-Act XLV of 1860
	\|url=https://www.pakistani.org/\|access-date=2024-07-29 \|website=www.Pakistan.org}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~		\|url=https://www.pakistani.org/\|access-date=2024-07-29 \|website=www.Pakistan.org}}</ref>

	* '''378. Theft (Offences Against Property):'''		* '''378. Theft (Offences Against Property):'''
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	* '''442. House-trespass:'''		* '''442. House-trespass:'''
	** Whoever commits criminal trespass by entering into or remaining in any building, tent or vessel used as a human dwelling or any building used as a place for worship, or as a place for the custody of property, is said to commit "house-trespass". Explanation: The introduction of any part of the criminal trespasser's body is entering sufficient to constitute house trespass.		** Whoever commits criminal trespass by entering into or remaining in any building, tent or vessel used as a human dwelling or any building used as a place for worship, or as a place for the custody of property, is said to commit "house-trespass". Explanation: The introduction of any part of the criminal trespasser's body is entering sufficient to constitute house trespass.
	** '''448. Punishment for house-trespass''': Whoever commits house-trespass shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine which may extend to Rs 3000, or with both.~~<~~ref~~>~~{{Cite web \|title=Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860)-Act XLV of 1860\|url=https://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/1860/actXLVof1860.html#:~:text=Explanation%3A%20In%20this%20section%20the,be%20punishable%20under%20this%20Code./\|access-date=2024-07-29 \|website=www.Pakistan.org}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~		** '''448. Punishment for house-trespass''': Whoever commits house-trespass shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine which may extend to Rs 3000, or with both.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860)-Act XLV of 1860\|url=https://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/1860/actXLVof1860.html#:~:text=Explanation%3A%20In%20this%20section%20the,be%20punishable%20under%20this%20Code./\|access-date=2024-07-29 \|website=www.Pakistan.org}}</ref>

	== Amendments ==		== Amendments ==
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	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"
	!S. No.		!S. No.
	!Short title of amending legislation~~<~~ref~~>~~{{Cite web \|title=Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860) \|url=https://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/1860/actXLVof1860.html \|access-date=2025-07-30 \|website=www.pakistani.org}}~~<~~/ref~~><~~ref name=":0" /~~>~~		!Short title of amending legislation<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860) \|url=https://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/1860/actXLVof1860.html \|access-date=2025-07-30 \|website=www.pakistani.org}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
	!Type		!Type
	!No.		!No.

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{{more citations needed|date=December 2012}}{{Infobox document|document_name=Pakistan Penal Code|image=|image_width=|image_caption=|date_created=1860|date_ratified=|location_of_document=|writer=[[Thomas Babington Macaulay]]|signers=|purpose=Governing crimes and punishment}}

The '''Pakistan Penal Code''' ({{Lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|مجموعہ تعزیرات پاکستان}}}}; {{transl|ur|Majmū'ah-yi ta'zīrāt-i Pākistān}}), abbreviated as '''PPC''', is a [[Criminal code|penal code]] for all offences charged in [[Pakistan]]. It was originally prepared by [[Lord Macaulay]] with a great consultation in 1860 on the behalf of the [[Government of India]] as the [[Indian Penal Code]]. After the [[Partition of India|creation of Pakistan]] in 1947, Pakistan inherited the same code and subsequently after several amendments by different governments, in Pakistan it is now a mixture of Islamic and English Law. Presently, the Pakistan Penal Code is still in effect and can be amended by the [[Parliament of Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.senate.gov.pk/Legis%20Br/bill/Private%20Bills/penal.pdf|title=Private Bills - Penal|website=senate.gov.pk}}</ref>

== History ==
The draft of the Indian Penal Code was prepared by the First Law Commission and it was chaired by [[Lord Macaulay]]. Its basis is the law of England freed from superfluities, technicalities and local peculiarities. Suggestions were also derived from the French Penal Code and from Livingstone's Code of Louisiana. The draft underwent a very careful revision at the hands of Sir [[Barnes Peacock]], Chief Justice, and puisne Judges of the [[Calcutta]] [[Supreme court|Supreme Court]] who were members of the [[Legislative Council]], and it was passed into law in 1860. Macaulay did not survive to see the Penal Code's enactment.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z_Mz9u0BFtEC&pg=PP1|title=MEDIA LAW AND ETHICS|last=NEELAMALAR|first=M.|date=2009-11-03|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=9788120339743|language=en}}</ref>

Though it is principally the work of a man who had hardly held a brief, and whose time was devoted to [[politics]] and [[literature]], it was universally acknowledged to be a monument of codification and an everlasting memorial to the high juristic attainments of its distinguished author. For example, even cyber crimes can be punished under the code.

== Jurisdiction ==
*Section 1.
'''Title and extent of operation of the Code. ''' This Act shall be called the Pakistan Penal Code, and shall take effect throughout Pakistan.

* Section 4

The provisions of this Code apply also to any offence committed by:-

* (1) any citizen of Pakistan or any person in the service of Pakistan in any place without and beyond Pakistan;
* (4) any person on any ship or aircraft registered in Pakistan wherever it may be.

Explanation: In this section the word "offence" includes every act committed outside Pakistan which, if committed in Pakistan, would be punishable under this Code. Extension of Code to extraterritorial offences.

== Punishments ==

* Section 53.

The punishments to which offenders are liable under the provisions of this Code are:

* First, [[Qisas]] ("retribution");
* Second, [[Diyat]];
* Third, Arsh− (Pre-specified Compensation);
* Fourth, Daman (Compensation determined by court to be paid by the offender to the victim for causing hurt not liable to Arsh);
* Fifth, [[Tazir|Ta'zir]] (punishment, usually corporal, that can be administered at the discretion of a judge)
* Sixth, Death;
* Seventh, Imprisonment for life;
* Eighth, Imprisonment which is of two descriptions, namely:--

:# Rigorous (i.e., with hard labour);
:# Simple;

* Ninth, Forfeiture of property;
* Tenth, Fine

First five punishments are added by amendments and are considered Islamic Punishments, and very few have been sentenced to these punishments so far. Anyone who is sentenced to the first five punishments can appeal to the Federal Shariat court.

== See also ==

* [[Section 420]]
* [[Court system of Pakistan]]
* [[Blasphemy law in Pakistan]]
* [[Copyright protection in Pakistan]]
* [[Gay rights in Pakistan]]
* [[Hudood Ordinance]]
*[[Women related laws in Pakistan]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references group=""></references>

== External links ==

*[http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/1860/actXLVof1860.html Full text of the Pakistan Penal Code] – up-to-date with all amendments – Pakistani.org
*[https://pakistancode.gov.pk/english/UY2FqaJw1-apaUY2Fqa-apk%3D-sg-jjjjjjjjjjjjj Pakistan Penal Code 1860] – pakistancode.gov.pk

{{Judiciary of Pakistan|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Pakistani legislation]]
[[Category:Government documents of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Criminal codes]]
[[Category:1947 establishments]]