Pakistan Communist Party - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 11:17, 22 March 2026
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	\| foundation = 1947		\| foundation = 1947
	\| dissolution = 1947		\| dissolution = 1947
	\| ideology = [[Communism]]~~<~~br /~~>~~[[Marxism-Leninism]]		\| ideology = [[Communism]]<br />[[Marxism-Leninism]]
	\| country = Pakistan		\| country = Pakistan
	\| country2 = India		\| country2 = India
	\| founder = [[Teja Singh Swatantar]]		\| founder = [[Teja Singh Swatantar]]
	}}		}}
	The '''Pakistan Communist Party''' was a short-lived splinter group of the [[Communist Party of India]], existing for three weeks in the summer of 1947.~~<~~ref name="Ramnath2011"~~>~~{{cite book\|author=Maia Ramnath\|title=Haj to Utopia: How the Ghadar Movement Charted Global Radicalism and Attempted to Overthrow the British Empire\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lFOKArfI8RUC&pg=PT113\|date=1 December 2011\|publisher=University of California Press\|isbn=978-0-520-95039-9\|page=113}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~ The party was founded by [[Teja Singh Swatantar]] and Fazal Elahi Qurban.~~<~~ref name="Ramnath2011"/~~>~~ The party had a provisional [[politburo]] consisting of Swatantar, Qurban and Dutt.~~<~~ref name="Singh1994"/~~>~~		The '''Pakistan Communist Party''' was a short-lived splinter group of the [[Communist Party of India]], existing for three weeks in the summer of 1947.<ref name="Ramnath2011">{{cite book\|author=Maia Ramnath\|title=Haj to Utopia: How the Ghadar Movement Charted Global Radicalism and Attempted to Overthrow the British Empire\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lFOKArfI8RUC&pg=PT113\|date=1 December 2011\|publisher=University of California Press\|isbn=978-0-520-95039-9\|page=113}}</ref> The party was founded by [[Teja Singh Swatantar]] and Fazal Elahi Qurban.<ref name="Ramnath2011"/> The party had a provisional [[politburo]] consisting of Swatantar, Qurban and Dutt.<ref name="Singh1994"/>

	On one hand, the PCP split represented dissatisfaction with the shift of the party line on the [[national question]]. In 1942 CPI had, in response to the demand for [[Pakistan]], formulated a position which supported the notion of [[self-determination]] of nationalities. By 1947 this line had been reverted and the Muslim demand for Pakistan was now branded as a reactionary movement by CPI. Swatantar and Qurban argued towards the CPI leadership to retain support for self-determination of nationalities.~~<~~ref name=s89~~>~~{{cite book\|author=Kamran Asdar Ali\|title=Surkh Salam: Communist Politics and Class Activism in Pakistan, 1947–1972\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0bzjwEACAAJ\|year=2015\|isbn=978-0-19-940308-0\|page=89}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~ The PCP was built on this position.~~<~~ref name=s89/~~>~~ The founders of PCP were also opposed to the new CPI line on [[Kashmir]].~~<~~ref name="Singh1994"/~~>~~		On one hand, the PCP split represented dissatisfaction with the shift of the party line on the [[national question]]. In 1942 CPI had, in response to the demand for [[Pakistan]], formulated a position which supported the notion of [[self-determination]] of nationalities. By 1947 this line had been reverted and the Muslim demand for Pakistan was now branded as a reactionary movement by CPI. Swatantar and Qurban argued towards the CPI leadership to retain support for self-determination of nationalities.<ref name=s89>{{cite book\|author=Kamran Asdar Ali\|title=Surkh Salam: Communist Politics and Class Activism in Pakistan, 1947–1972\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0bzjwEACAAJ\|year=2015\|isbn=978-0-19-940308-0\|page=89}}</ref> The PCP was built on this position.<ref name=s89/> The founders of PCP were also opposed to the new CPI line on [[Kashmir]].<ref name="Singh1994"/>

	On the other hand, the launch of PCP was not only about disagreements on the issue of Pakistan and Muslim national self-determination. It also represented a revolt of the old [[Kirti Kisan Party\|Kirti]]-[[Ghadar Party\|Ghadar]] revolutionaries against the CPI party hierarchy. On 22 June two central CPI leaders ([[Ajoy Ghosh]] and [[B. T. Ranadive]]) had arrived in Punjab, supposedly to depose Swatantar as Provincial Party Secretary. A few weeks later, on 16 July 1947 the foundation of PCP was declared in a letter sent out to 40 communist parties around the world.~~<~~ref name="Singh1994"/~~>~~ The PCP split severely affected the CPI in Punjab at the time.~~<~~ref name="Singh1994"~~>~~{{cite book\|author=Gurharpal Singh\|title=Communism in Punjab: a study of the movement up to 1967\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzjlAAAAMAAJ\|date=1 December 1994\|publisher=Ajanta Publications\|pages=101–102\|isbn=9788120204034 }}~~<~~/ref~~>~~		On the other hand, the launch of PCP was not only about disagreements on the issue of Pakistan and Muslim national self-determination. It also represented a revolt of the old [[Kirti Kisan Party\|Kirti]]-[[Ghadar Party\|Ghadar]] revolutionaries against the CPI party hierarchy. On 22 June two central CPI leaders ([[Ajoy Ghosh]] and [[B. T. Ranadive]]) had arrived in Punjab, supposedly to depose Swatantar as Provincial Party Secretary. A few weeks later, on 16 July 1947 the foundation of PCP was declared in a letter sent out to 40 communist parties around the world.<ref name="Singh1994"/> The PCP split severely affected the CPI in Punjab at the time.<ref name="Singh1994">{{cite book\|author=Gurharpal Singh\|title=Communism in Punjab: a study of the movement up to 1967\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzjlAAAAMAAJ\|date=1 December 1994\|publisher=Ajanta Publications\|pages=101–102\|isbn=9788120204034 }}</ref>

	The CPI leadership reacted strongly to the formation of PCP.~~<~~ref name=s89/~~>~~ On 18 July 1947 a letter was sent to all Party District Committees in Punjab, instructing them to denounce the PCP.~~<~~ref name="Singh1994"/~~>~~ Ghosh himself visited the western parts of Punjab, trying to dissuade local party branches from siding with PCP.~~<~~ref name="Singh1994"/~~>~~ Nevertheless, it was understood that more than half of the 2,293 CPI members in Punjab were supportive of the PCP.~~<~~ref name="Singh1994"/~~>~~ The PCP was mainly based in western Punjab.~~<~~ref name="Singh1994"/~~>~~ PCP appealed to CPI branches in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–55)\|North-West Frontier Province]], [[Sindh]] and [[Baluchistan]] to join the new party.~~<~~ref name="Singh1994"/~~>~~ In Sindh the group around Qadir Baksh Nizamani supported the PCP.~~<~~ref name=s89/~~>~~		The CPI leadership reacted strongly to the formation of PCP.<ref name=s89/> On 18 July 1947 a letter was sent to all Party District Committees in Punjab, instructing them to denounce the PCP.<ref name="Singh1994"/> Ghosh himself visited the western parts of Punjab, trying to dissuade local party branches from siding with PCP.<ref name="Singh1994"/> Nevertheless, it was understood that more than half of the 2,293 CPI members in Punjab were supportive of the PCP.<ref name="Singh1994"/> The PCP was mainly based in western Punjab.<ref name="Singh1994"/> PCP appealed to CPI branches in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–55)\|North-West Frontier Province]], [[Sindh]] and [[Baluchistan]] to join the new party.<ref name="Singh1994"/> In Sindh the group around Qadir Baksh Nizamani supported the PCP.<ref name=s89/>

	Nevertheless, by the time PCP was formed Punjab was engulfed by communal violence in the days before the [[Partition of India]].~~<~~ref name=s89/~~>~~ As riots raged, most Sikh and Hindu communist cadres in the western districts of Punjab left for India.~~<~~ref name=s89/~~>~~ This exodus left the communist movement on the verge of extinction in the lands that would soon form [[West Pakistan]].~~<~~ref name=s89/~~>~~ PCP, whose leadership was predominantly Sikh, quickly became defunct.~~<~~ref name="Singh1994"/~~>~~		Nevertheless, by the time PCP was formed Punjab was engulfed by communal violence in the days before the [[Partition of India]].<ref name=s89/> As riots raged, most Sikh and Hindu communist cadres in the western districts of Punjab left for India.<ref name=s89/> This exodus left the communist movement on the verge of extinction in the lands that would soon form [[West Pakistan]].<ref name=s89/> PCP, whose leadership was predominantly Sikh, quickly became defunct.<ref name="Singh1994"/>

	==See also==		==See also==

Tanu14 at 16:58, 20 May 2025

2025-05-20T16:58:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:28, 20 May 2025
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	{{~~confuse~~\|Communist Party of Pakistan}}		{{distinguish\|Communist Party of Pakistan}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2018}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2018}}
	{{Use Pakistani English\|date=June 2018}}		{{Use Pakistani English\|date=June 2018}}
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	\| foundation = 1947		\| foundation = 1947
	\| dissolution = 1947		\| dissolution = 1947
	\| ideology = [[Communism]]<br />[[Marxism-Leninism]]		\| ideology = [[Communism]]<br />[[Marxism-Leninism]]
	\| country = Pakistan		\| country = Pakistan
	\| country2 = India		\| country2 = India
	\| founder = [[Teja Singh Swatantar]]		\| founder = [[Teja Singh Swatantar]]
	}}		}}
	The '''Pakistan Communist Party''' was a short-lived splinter-group of the [[Communist Party of India]], existing for three weeks in the summer of 1947.<ref name="Ramnath2011">{{cite book\|author=Maia Ramnath\|title=Haj to Utopia: How the Ghadar Movement Charted Global Radicalism and Attempted to Overthrow the British Empire\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lFOKArfI8RUC&pg=PT113\|date=1 December 2011\|publisher=University of California Press\|isbn=978-0-520-95039-9\|page=113}}</ref> The party was founded by [[Teja Singh Swatantar]] and Fazal Elahi Qurban.<ref name="Ramnath2011"/> The party had a provisional [[politburo]] consisting of Swatantar, Qurban and Dutt.<ref name="Singh1994"/>		The '''Pakistan Communist Party''' was a short-lived splinter group of the [[Communist Party of India]], existing for three weeks in the summer of 1947.<ref name="Ramnath2011">{{cite book\|author=Maia Ramnath\|title=Haj to Utopia: How the Ghadar Movement Charted Global Radicalism and Attempted to Overthrow the British Empire\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lFOKArfI8RUC&pg=PT113\|date=1 December 2011\|publisher=University of California Press\|isbn=978-0-520-95039-9\|page=113}}</ref> The party was founded by [[Teja Singh Swatantar]] and Fazal Elahi Qurban.<ref name="Ramnath2011"/> The party had a provisional [[politburo]] consisting of Swatantar, Qurban and Dutt.<ref name="Singh1994"/>

	On one hand, the PCP split represented dissatisfaction with the shift of the party line on the [[national question]]. In 1942 CPI had, in response to the demand for [[Pakistan]], formulated a position which supported the notion of self-determination of nationalities. By 1947 this line had been reverted and the Muslim demand for Pakistan was now branded as a reactionary movement by CPI. Swatantar and Qurban argued towards the CPI leadership to retain support for self-determination of nationalities.<ref name=s89>{{cite book\|author=Kamran Asdar Ali\|title=Surkh Salam: Communist Politics and Class Activism in Pakistan, 1947–1972\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0bzjwEACAAJ\|year=2015\|isbn=978-0-19-940308-0\|page=89}}</ref> The PCP was built on this position.<ref name=s89/> The founders of PCP were also opposed to the new CPI line on [[Kashmir]].<ref name="Singh1994"/>		On one hand, the PCP split represented dissatisfaction with the shift of the party line on the [[national question]]. In 1942 CPI had, in response to the demand for [[Pakistan]], formulated a position which supported the notion of [[self-determination]] of nationalities. By 1947 this line had been reverted and the Muslim demand for Pakistan was now branded as a reactionary movement by CPI. Swatantar and Qurban argued towards the CPI leadership to retain support for self-determination of nationalities.<ref name=s89>{{cite book\|author=Kamran Asdar Ali\|title=Surkh Salam: Communist Politics and Class Activism in Pakistan, 1947–1972\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0bzjwEACAAJ\|year=2015\|isbn=978-0-19-940308-0\|page=89}}</ref> The PCP was built on this position.<ref name=s89/> The founders of PCP were also opposed to the new CPI line on [[Kashmir]].<ref name="Singh1994"/>

	On the other hand, the launch of PCP was not only about disagreements on the issue of Pakistan and Muslim national self-determination. It also represented a revolt of the old [[Kirti Kisan Party\|Kirti]]-[[Ghadar Party\|Ghadar]] revolutionaries against the CPI party hierarchy. On 22 June two central CPI leaders ([[Ajoy Ghosh]] and [[B.T. Ranadive]]) had arrived in Punjab, supposedly to depose Swatantar as Provincial Party Secretary. A few weeks later, on 16 July 1947 the foundation of PCP was declared in a letter sent out to 40 communist parties around the world.<ref name="Singh1994"/> The PCP split severely affected the CPI in Punjab at the time.<ref name="Singh1994">{{cite book\|author=Gurharpal Singh\|title=Communism in Punjab: a study of the movement up to 1967\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzjlAAAAMAAJ\|date=1 December 1994\|publisher=Ajanta Publications\|pages=101–102}}</ref>		On the other hand, the launch of PCP was not only about disagreements on the issue of Pakistan and Muslim national self-determination. It also represented a revolt of the old [[Kirti Kisan Party\|Kirti]]-[[Ghadar Party\|Ghadar]] revolutionaries against the CPI party hierarchy. On 22 June two central CPI leaders ([[Ajoy Ghosh]] and [[B. T. Ranadive]]) had arrived in Punjab, supposedly to depose Swatantar as Provincial Party Secretary. A few weeks later, on 16 July 1947 the foundation of PCP was declared in a letter sent out to 40 communist parties around the world.<ref name="Singh1994"/> The PCP split severely affected the CPI in Punjab at the time.<ref name="Singh1994">{{cite book\|author=Gurharpal Singh\|title=Communism in Punjab: a study of the movement up to 1967\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzjlAAAAMAAJ\|date=1 December 1994\|publisher=Ajanta Publications\|pages=101–102\|isbn=9788120204034 }}</ref>

	The CPI leadership reacted strongly to the formation of PCP.<ref name=s89/> On 18 July 1947 a letter was sent to all Party District Committees in Punjab, instructing them to denounce the PCP.<ref name="Singh1994"/> Ghosh himself visited the western parts of Punjab, trying to dissuade local party branches from siding with PCP.<ref name="Singh1994"/> Nevertheless, it was understood that more than half of the 2,293 CPI members in Punjab were supportive of the PCP.<ref name="Singh1994"/> The PCP was mainly based in western Punjab.<ref name="Singh1994"/> PCP appealed to CPI branches in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–55)\|North-West Frontier Province]], [[Sindh]] and [[Baluchistan]] to join the new party.<ref name="Singh1994"/> In Sindh the group around Qadir Baksh Nizamani supported the PCP.<ref name=s89/>		The CPI leadership reacted strongly to the formation of PCP.<ref name=s89/> On 18 July 1947 a letter was sent to all Party District Committees in Punjab, instructing them to denounce the PCP.<ref name="Singh1994"/> Ghosh himself visited the western parts of Punjab, trying to dissuade local party branches from siding with PCP.<ref name="Singh1994"/> Nevertheless, it was understood that more than half of the 2,293 CPI members in Punjab were supportive of the PCP.<ref name="Singh1994"/> The PCP was mainly based in western Punjab.<ref name="Singh1994"/> PCP appealed to CPI branches in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–55)\|North-West Frontier Province]], [[Sindh]] and [[Baluchistan]] to join the new party.<ref name="Singh1994"/> In Sindh the group around Qadir Baksh Nizamani supported the PCP.<ref name=s89/>

	Nevertheless, by the time PCP was formed Punjab was engulfed by communal violence in the days before the [[Partition of India]].<ref name=s89/> As riots raged, most Sikh and Hindu communist cadres in the western districts of Punjab left for India.<ref name=s89/> This exodus left the communist movement on the verge of extinction in the lands that would soon form [[West Pakistan]].<ref name=s89/> PCP, whose leadership was ~~predominately~~ Sikh, quickly became defunct.<ref name="Singh1994"/>		Nevertheless, by the time PCP was formed Punjab was engulfed by communal violence in the days before the [[Partition of India]].<ref name=s89/> As riots raged, most Sikh and Hindu communist cadres in the western districts of Punjab left for India.<ref name=s89/> This exodus left the communist movement on the verge of extinction in the lands that would soon form [[West Pakistan]].<ref name=s89/> PCP, whose leadership was predominantly Sikh, quickly became defunct.<ref name="Singh1994"/>

	==See also==		==See also==
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

	[[Category:Political parties established in 1947]]		[[Category:Political parties established in 1947]]
	[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1947]]		[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1947]]

->Arjun Madathiparambil Muraleedharan at 12:00, 18 November 2021

2021-11-18T12:00:26Z

New page

{{confuse|Communist Party of Pakistan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=June 2018}}
{{infobox political party
| name = Pakistan Communist Party
| colorcode = Red
| foundation = 1947
| dissolution = 1947
| ideology = [[Communism]]<br />[[Marxism-Leninism]]
| country = Pakistan
| country2 = India
| founder = [[Teja Singh Swatantar]]
}}
The '''Pakistan Communist Party''' was a short-lived splinter-group of the [[Communist Party of India]], existing for three weeks in the summer of 1947.<ref name="Ramnath2011">{{cite book|author=Maia Ramnath|title=Haj to Utopia: How the Ghadar Movement Charted Global Radicalism and Attempted to Overthrow the British Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lFOKArfI8RUC&pg=PT113|date=1 December 2011|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-95039-9|page=113}}</ref> The party was founded by [[Teja Singh Swatantar]] and Fazal Elahi Qurban.<ref name="Ramnath2011"/> The party had a provisional [[politburo]] consisting of Swatantar, Qurban and Dutt.<ref name="Singh1994"/>

On one hand, the PCP split represented dissatisfaction with the shift of the party line on the [[national question]]. In 1942 CPI had, in response to the demand for [[Pakistan]], formulated a position which supported the notion of self-determination of nationalities. By 1947 this line had been reverted and the Muslim demand for Pakistan was now branded as a reactionary movement by CPI. Swatantar and Qurban argued towards the CPI leadership to retain support for self-determination of nationalities.<ref name=s89>{{cite book|author=Kamran Asdar Ali|title=Surkh Salam: Communist Politics and Class Activism in Pakistan, 1947–1972|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0bzjwEACAAJ|year=2015|isbn=978-0-19-940308-0|page=89}}</ref> The PCP was built on this position.<ref name=s89/> The founders of PCP were also opposed to the new CPI line on [[Kashmir]].<ref name="Singh1994"/>

On the other hand, the launch of PCP was not only about disagreements on the issue of Pakistan and Muslim national self-determination. It also represented a revolt of the old [[Kirti Kisan Party|Kirti]]-[[Ghadar Party|Ghadar]] revolutionaries against the CPI party hierarchy. On 22 June two central CPI leaders ([[Ajoy Ghosh]] and [[B.T. Ranadive]]) had arrived in Punjab, supposedly to depose Swatantar as Provincial Party Secretary. A few weeks later, on 16 July 1947 the foundation of PCP was declared in a letter sent out to 40 communist parties around the world.<ref name="Singh1994"/> The PCP split severely affected the CPI in Punjab at the time.<ref name="Singh1994">{{cite book|author=Gurharpal Singh|title=Communism in Punjab: a study of the movement up to 1967|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzjlAAAAMAAJ|date=1 December 1994|publisher=Ajanta Publications|pages=101–102}}</ref>

The CPI leadership reacted strongly to the formation of PCP.<ref name=s89/> On 18 July 1947 a letter was sent to all Party District Committees in Punjab, instructing them to denounce the PCP.<ref name="Singh1994"/> Ghosh himself visited the western parts of Punjab, trying to dissuade local party branches from siding with PCP.<ref name="Singh1994"/> Nevertheless, it was understood that more than half of the 2,293 CPI members in Punjab were supportive of the PCP.<ref name="Singh1994"/> The PCP was mainly based in western Punjab.<ref name="Singh1994"/> PCP appealed to CPI branches in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–55)|North-West Frontier Province]], [[Sindh]] and [[Baluchistan]] to join the new party.<ref name="Singh1994"/> In Sindh the group around Qadir Baksh Nizamani supported the PCP.<ref name=s89/>

Nevertheless, by the time PCP was formed Punjab was engulfed by communal violence in the days before the [[Partition of India]].<ref name=s89/> As riots raged, most Sikh and Hindu communist cadres in the western districts of Punjab left for India.<ref name=s89/> This exodus left the communist movement on the verge of extinction in the lands that would soon form [[West Pakistan]].<ref name=s89/> PCP, whose leadership was predominately Sikh, quickly became defunct.<ref name="Singh1994"/>

==See also==
* [[Lal Communist Party Hind Union]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Political parties established in 1947]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1947]]
[[Category:Defunct communist parties in India]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in India]]