imported>Hydrogenation: Reverting edit(s) by 2402:3A80:1E6D:3FE8:49F8:1092:C6AC:C8D8 (talk) to rev. 1025732101 by 174.26.217.63: Reverting good faith edits (RW 16.1)

2021-06-16T19:11:16Z

Reverting edit(s) by 2402:3A80:1E6D:3FE8:49F8:1092:C6AC:C8D8 (talk) to rev. 1025732101 by 174.26.217.63: Reverting good faith edits (RW 16.1)

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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{one source|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Padmanabhapuram Palace
| image = Padmanabhapuram Clock Tower.jpg
| caption = Padmanabhapuram Palace, Clock Tower
| map_type = Tamil Nadu
| coordinates =
| location_town = [[Padmanabhapuram]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| client = [[Maharaja]] of [[Travancore]], Iravi Varma Kulasekhara Perumal
| engineer =
| construction_start_date = 1601 CE
| date_demolished =
| cost =
| style = [[Kerala architecture]]
}}
[[File:Padmanabappurampalace.JPG|thumb|right|Padmanabhapuram Palace]]
'''Padmanabhapuram Palace''', also known as '''Kalkulam Palace''', is a [[Travancore]] era palace located in [[Padmanabhapuram]] in the [[Kanyakumari district]] of the [[India|Indian]] state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The palace is owned, controlled and maintained by the [[Government of Kerala|government]] of the neighbouring state of [[Kerala]]. This palace is older than '''[[Rambagh Palace]]''' in Rajasthan. It is possible that it is the oldest palace in India.

Padmanabhapuram is the former capital city of the erstwhile Hindu kingdom of [[Travancore]]. It is around 20km from [[Nagercoil]], 39km from [[Kanyakumari]] town and 52 km from [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in Kerala.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/dir/Trivandrum,+Kerala/Padmanabhapuram+Palace,+Chakala,+Thuckalay,+Tamil+Nadu/@8.385323,76.9917556,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x3b05bbb805bbcd47:0x15439fab5c5c81cb!2m2!1d76.9366376!2d8.5241391!1m5!1m1!1s0x3b04f8f729d2073d:0x257c390ae191b06f!2m2!1d77.3266987!2d8.2507431|title=Distance between Trivandrum and Padmanabhapuram|access-date=3 Nov 2017}}</ref> The palace is complex inside with an old [[granite]] fortress around four kilometers long. The palace is located at the foot of the Veli Hills, which forms a part of the [[Western Ghats]]. The river [[Valli]] flows nearby.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-monuments/padmanabhapuram-palace.html |title=Padmanabhapuram Palace - Padmanabhapuram Palace Trivandrum Kerala, Padamanabha Puram Palace Thiruvananthapuram India |publisher=Iloveindia.com |access-date=2013-10-20}}</ref>
Another palace known as [[Kuttalam Palace]] is situated in Kuttalam in Tenkasi district, Tamil Nadu which is also under the ownership of Kerala government. It is situated in the Tenkasi District, Tamil Nadu (before state reorganisation, Kanyakumari District, [[Shenkottai|Chenkottah]] Taluk, [[Tenkasi]] Taluk including the areas of [[Kuttalam]] are in the control of Travancore Kingdom in Kerala). It is owned, controlled and maintained by the Kerala Government.

== Construction ==
{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=300|caption_align=center
| image1 = Padmanabhapuram palace ClockTower.jpg|caption1=The Clock Tower and the Roof of the Padmanabhapuram Palace.
| image2 = Mantrasala.jpg|caption2=Mantrasala (Council chamber)
}}
The palace was constructed around 1601 CE by Iravi Varma Kulasekhara Perumal who ruled [[Venad]] between 1592 and 1609. The founder of modern Travancore, King [[Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma]] (1706–1758) who ruled Travancore from 1729 to 1758, rebuilt the palace in around 1750. King Marthaanda Varma dedicated the kingdom to his family deity Sree [[Vishnu|Padmanabha]], a form of Lord [[Vishnu]] and ruled the kingdom as Padmanabha dasa or servant of Lord Padmanabha. Hence the name Padmanabhapuram or City of Lord Padmanabha. In the late 18th century, precisely in 1795 the [[capital city|capital]] of Travancore was shifted from here to Thiruvananthapuram, and the place lost its former glory. However, the palace complex continues to be one of the best examples of traditional Kerala architecture, and some portions of the sprawling complex are also the hallmark of traditional Kerala style architecture. The Palace though surrounded entirely by the State of Tamil Nadu is still part of Kerala and the land and Palace belongs to the Government of Kerala. This Palace is maintained by the Govt. of Kerala Archaeology Department.

== Unique rooms ==
The Padmanabhapuram Palace complex consists of several structures:
* Mantrasala; the King's Council Chamber
* Thai Kottaram, constructed before 1550
* Nataksala; the Performance Hall
* A four-storeyed mansion at the centre of the complex
* Thekee Kottaram; the Southern Palace

=== Central mansion ===
The four-storeyed building is located at the centre of the palace complex. The ground floor houses the royal treasury. The first floor houses the King's bedrooms. The ornamental bedstead is made of 64 types of herbal and medicinal woods, and was a gift from the Dutch merchants. Most of the rooms here and in other parts of the palace complex have built-in recesses in walls for storing [[weapon]]s like [[sword]]s and [[dagger]]s. The second floor houses the King's resting and study rooms. Here the King used to spend time during fasting days. The top floor (called ''upparikka malika'') served as the [[worship]] chamber of the [[royal family|royal]] [[household]]. Its walls are covered with exquisite 18th century [[mural]]s, depicting scenes from the [[purana]]s, and also few scenes from the social life of the Travancore of that time. The top floor was supposed to be Sree Padmanabha Swamy's room. This building was constructed during the reign of King Marthandavarma. He was also designated as Padmanabha Dasa and used to rule the Travancore kingdom as a servant of Sree Padmanabha Swamy.

=== Southern Palace ===
The southern palace is as old as the 'Thai kottaram' (Mother's palace), which would make it about 400 years old. Now, it serves as a heritage museum, exhibiting antique household articles and curios. Collections of items give an insight into the social and cultural ethos of that period.

== Other features ==
[[File:De Lannoy Surrender.JPG|thumb|250px|right|Depiction at Padmanabhapuram Palace of [[Eustachius De Lannoy]] of the [[Dutch East India Company]] surrender to Maharaja [[Marthanda Varma]] of the [[Kingdom of Travancore]] after the [[Battle of Colachel]].]]
The Padamnabhapuram Palace complex has several other interesting features:
* The palace is located near [[Thuckalay]], [[Kanyakumari district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] state but administered by the Government of Kerala state.
* The clock tower in the palace complex has a 300-year-old clock, which still keeps time.
* A big hall now bare, which can accommodate around 1000 guests, and where ceremonial feasts were held, on auspicious occasions.
* A [[secret passage]], now blocked, through which the king, his immediate family members, and their entourage could escape to another palace, located several kilometers away in the event of any emergency. Name of this palace is Charottu Kottaram.
* A flight of steps leads to a bathing pond, which has lost its freshness due to neglect and years of disuse.
* The palace complex also has a section of curios and several interesting objects:
** An entire room filled with old Chinese jars, all gifts by Chinese merchants.
** A variety of weapons (which were actually used in warfare), including swords and daggers.
** Brass lamps, wood and stone sculpture, a variety of furniture and large mirrors made of polished metal.
** A gallery of paintings depicting incidents from the history of Travancore.
** A wooden cot made of up to 64 wooden pieces of a variety of medicinal tree trunks
** Polished stone cot, meant for cool effect
** Toilet and well

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Padmanabhapuram Palace 1.jpg|Padmanabhapuram Palace (Side View)
File:Padmanabhapuram Palace 2.jpg|Padmanabhapuram Palace
File:Padmanabhapuram Palace 3.jpg|Padmanabhapuram Palace (Front View)
File:Padmanabhapuram Palace 5.jpg|Padmanabhapuram Palace
File:Padmanabhapuram Palace 6.jpg|Padmanabhapuram Palace
File:Padmanabhapuram Palace 7.jpg|Padmanabhapuram Palace and Pond
File:Kuthira Vilakku 1.jpg|Kuthira Vilakku (Side View)
File:Kuthira Vilakku 2.jpg|Kuthira Vilakku
File:Navarathri Mandapam.jpg|Navarathri Mandapam
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of State Protected Monuments in Kerala]]
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in India#Tentative list of heritage sites|Tentative List of World Heritage Sites in India]]
* [[Eraniel]]
* ''[[Marthandavarma (novel)|Marthandavarma]]'' (novel)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://asi.nic.in/protected-monuments-in-kerala/ Protected Monuments in Kerala], [[Archaeological Survey of India]]
* [http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5897/ Padmanabhapuram Palace] at the [[UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List|World Heritage Tentative List]]

{{Regions of Kanyakumari|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kanyakumari]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Travancore]]
[[Category:History of Kerala]]
[[Category:Palaces in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Royal residences in India]]
[[Category:Travancore royal family]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Kerala]]
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Padmanabhapuram Palace - Revision history

imported>Hydrogenation: Reverting edit(s) by 2402:3A80:1E6D:3FE8:49F8:1092:C6AC:C8D8 (talk) to rev. 1025732101 by 174.26.217.63: Reverting good faith edits (RW 16.1)