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{{Short description|Indian biochemist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Padmanabhan Balaram
|image =
|image_size = 220px
|caption =
|birth_date = 
|birth_place =
|death_date = 
|death_place =
|alma_mater = [[University of Pune]]<br>[[Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur]]<br>[[Carnegie Mellon University]]
|doctoral_advisor = [[Aksel A. Bothner-By]]
|doctoral_students =
|known_for =
|field = [[Biochemistry]]
|work_institution = [[Indian Institute of Science]]
|prizes = [[Padma Bhushan]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140129005406/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/scientist-r-mashelkar-yoga-guru-bks-iyengar-get-padma-vibushan/447779-3.html Receives Padma Bhushan]</ref>
}}

'''Padmanabhan Balaram''' is an Indian [[biochemist]] and a former director of the [[Indian Institute of Science]] in [[Bangalore]], [[India]].<ref name="pb1"/> He is a recipient of the third highest Indian civilian honour of [[Padma Bhushan]] (2014)<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/padma-awards-8-664218.html|title=Padma Awards|access-date=17 April 2016}}</ref> as well as the [[TWAS Prize]] (1994).<ref name="Prizes and Awards">{{Cite web |url=http://twas.org/opportunities/prizes-and-awards |title=Prizes and Awards |date=2016 |publisher=The World Academy of Sciences}}</ref> He has been conferred the 2021 [[Robert Bruce Merrifield|R. Bruce Merrifield]] Award by the American Peptide Society.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Merrifield Award – American Peptide Society|url=https://www.americanpeptidesociety.org/merrifield-award/|access-date=2021-03-11|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Education==
Balaram received his bachelor's degree in Chemistry from [[Fergusson College]], [[University of Pune]] followed by a [[master's degree]] from the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur]] and his [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] degree from [[Carnegie Mellon University]] with Aksel A. Bothner-By.<ref name="pb2"/> After a postdoctoral stint at [[Harvard University]] with Nobel laureate [[Robert Burns Woodward]],<ref>[http://www.chemistry.iitd.ac.in/chemcos/issue-IV/personalities.htm Interview with Prof. P. Balaram, Department of Chemistry IIT Delhi] CHEMCOS Journal of The Chemical Society, IIT Delhi. Issue IV :June 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2012</ref> he returned to the Indian Institute of Science, where he has been ever since as a faculty member in the Molecular Biophysics Unit. He presently holds a Chaired Professorship at the [[National Centre for Biological Sciences|National Center for Biological Sciences]], Bangalore. During his PhD, Balaram studied the use of negative [[Nuclear Overhauser effect]] signals as probes of macromolecular conformations. As a postdoc with Woodword, Balaram worked on the synthesis of the antibiotic [[erythromycin]].<ref name="pb1">[http://mbu.iisc.ernet.in/~pbgrp/pbcv.html Prof. P. Balaram lab Webpage at IISc] Retrieved 16 July 2012</ref>

==Research==
Balaram's main area of research has been the investigation of the structure, conformation, and biological activity of designed and natural peptides. To do this, he has extensively used techniques such as [[Nuclear Magnetic Resonance]] spectroscopy, [[Infrared]] spectroscopy, and [[Circular Dichroism]], along with [[X-ray crystallography]]. He has been a major contributor to the evaluation of factors influencing the folding and conformations of designed peptides, and has investigated structural elements playing a key role in the formation of secondary structural motifs such as helices, beta turns, and sheets. Along with [[Isabella Karle]], a frequent collaborator, he has also pioneered the use of alpha-amino isobutyric acid to induce and retain helicity and constrain peptide conformations.<ref>[http://mbu.iisc.ernet.in/~pbgrp/ Prof. P. Balaram’s lab] Retrieved 16 July 2012</ref>

Balaram has authored more than 400 research papers, and is a fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]].<ref name="pb2">[http://www.knowledgecommission.gov.in/about/profile.asp?id=pb National Knowledge Commission member P. Balaram ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017212412/http://knowledgecommission.gov.in/about/profile.asp?id=pb |date=17 October 2007 }} Retrieved 16 July 2012</ref><ref name="Indian Fellow">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N85-0894 |title=Indian Fellow |date=2017-10-30 |publisher=INSA |access-date=2017-10-30}}</ref>

He was the editor of the journal ''[[Current Science]]'' until June 2013.<ref>[http://www.currentscience.ac.in/php/pdf/edboard.pdf Current Science Editorial Board] Retrieved 16 July 2012</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bachhawat |first1=Anand K. |last2=Balakrishnan |first2=V. |last3=Swaminathan |first3=M. S. |last4=Sarma |first4=V. Venkateswara |last5=Desiraju |first5=Gautam R. |last6=Ganapathi |first6=Vinay |last7=Metri |first7=Dhanappa M. |last8=Bamji |first8=Mahtab S. |last9=Raman |first9=Anantanarayanan |last10=Herndon |first10=J. Marvin |last11=Suryanarayanan |first11=T. S. |title=A "Current Science" journal without Balaram? |journal=Current Science |date=2013 |volume=105 |issue=4 |pages=429–431 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24097984 |issn=0011-3891|jstor=24097984}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links| wikt=no | commons=no | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=q7117143}}
*[http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/jul102005/14.pdf Prof. Padmanabhan Balaram takes charge as new director of IISc]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070310232244/http://www.iitkalumni.org/daa/DAAProfile2.asp?id=26 IIT Kanpur Alumni Page]

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}
{{SSBPST recipients in Chemical Science}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Balaram, Padmanabhan}}
[[Category:Scientists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Harvard University people]]
[[Category:Carnegie Mellon University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur alumni]]
[[Category:Savitribai Phule Pune University alumni]]
[[Category:Directors of the Indian Institute of Science]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Scientists from Bangalore]]
[[Category:Indian biochemists]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science faculty]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian chemists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian chemists]]
[[Category:TWAS laureates]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Rajyotsava Award 2008]]

Padmanabhan Balaram - Revision history

imported>Animalparty: additional reference