https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Padm%C4%81vat%C4%ABPadmāvatī - Revision history2026-10-31T18:39:58ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padm%C4%81vat%C4%AB&diff=523656&oldid=prevQWLDesiree: starting new entry - done2025-11-27T19:09:35Z<p>starting new entry - done</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Goddess in Jainism}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox deity<br />
| type = Jain<br />
| image = File:MET - Padmavati Idol (1).jpg<br />
| alt = Padmavati<br />
| caption = Padmavati, 10th century, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]<br />
| spouse = [[Dharanendra]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Jainism}}<br />
<br />
'''Padmāvatī''' is the protective goddess or śāsana devī (शासनदेवी) of [[Parshvanatha|Pārśvanātha]], the twenty-third [[Jain]] [[tirthankara|tīrthāṅkara]], complimenting Parshwa yaksha in Swetambara and Dharanendra in digambar the shasan deva.{{Sfn|Cort|2010|p=186}} She is a yakshini (attendant goddess) of Parshwanatha.{{sfn|Cort|1987|pp=235–255}}<br />
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== Jain biography ==<br />
There is another pair of souls of a [[nāga]] and [[Nāga|nāginī]] who were saved by Parshwanath while being burnt alive in a log of wood by the [[tapas kamath]], and who were subsequently reborn as [[Indra]] (Dharanendra in particular) and Padmavati (different from sashan devi) after their death.{{Sfn|Babb|1996|p=33}} According to the [[Jainism|Jain]] tradition, Padmavati and her husband [[Dharanendra]] protected Lord Parshvanatha when he was harassed by Meghmali.{{Sfn|Jain|Fischer|1978|p=21}}{{Sfn|Sūri|Raval|Shah|1987|p=267}} After Padmavati rescued Parshvanatha grew subsequently powerful in to yakshi, a powerful tantric deity and surpassed other snake goddess ''Vairotya''.{{sfn|Shah|1987|p=221}}<br />
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== Legacy ==<br />
=== Worship ===<br />
[[File:9th century Padmavati Devi bas-relief Jain Monuments Chitaral Tamil Nadu India.jpg|thumb|left|9th century Padmavati relief in [[Chitharal Jain Monuments]] ]]<br />
Goddess Padmavati along with [[Ambika (Jainism)|Ambika]] and [[Chakreshvari]] are held as esteemed deities and worshipped by Jains along with [[tirthankaras]].{{Sfn|Krishna|2014|p=68}}{{Sfn|Chawdhri|1992|p=128}} Ambika and Padmavati are associated with [[Tantra#Other religions|tantric]] rituals. Both Padmavati and Dharanendra are revered exclusively as powerful intercessor deities.{{Sfn|Cort|2010|p=186}} These tantric rites involves ''yantra-vidhi'', ''pitha-sthapana'' and ''mantra-puja''.{{Sfn|Tiwari|1989|p=29}}{{sfn|Shah|1987|p=221}} Friday of every week is a particularly popular day to worship the Goddess.{{sfn|Dundas|2002|pp=213-214}}<br />
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=== In literature ===<br />
* ''Bhairava-Padmavati-Kalpa'' written by Mallisena in 12th century is tantric text to worship Padmavati. The text discusses rites connected with Padmavati, namely, stambha, vasya, akarsana, nimitta-jnana, garuda tantra etc.{{sfn|Shah|1987|p=277}}<br />
* ''Adbhuta-Padmavati-Kalpa'' is [[Śvetāmbara]] text composed by Shri Chandra Suri, 12th century.{{sfn|Shah|1987|p=277}}<br />
* ''Padmavati-astaka'' composed by Śvetāmbara scholar Parshvadeva gani is commentary of various tantric rites.{{sfn|Shah|1987|p=277}}<br />
* ''Padmavati-catusadika'' composed by Jinaprabha suri.{{sfn|Shah|1987|p=277}}<br />
* ''Padmavati-Pujanama'', ''Padmavati-strota'', ''Padmavati-sahasra-nama-strota'', ''Rakta-Padmavati-Kalpa'' are tantric text dedicated to Padmavati.{{sfn|Shah|1987|p=277}}<br />
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=== Iconography ===<br />
A snake's hood covers her head, and she sits on a lotus flower. Often a small image of Parshvanatha is placed in her crown. She may be depicted as four-armed, carrying noose and rosary (japa mala), elephant goad, lotus and a fruit.{{Sfn|Jain|Fischer|1978|p=21}} Her mount, or [[vahana]], is the rooster.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jain Goddess Padmavati {{!}} India (Gujarat) |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/76744 |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |language=en}}</ref> Yaksha-Yakshi pair sculptures of Padmavati Ambika and [[Dharanendra]] are one of the most favoured along with [[Gomukha]]-[[Chakreshwari]] and Sarvahanabhuti-[[Ambika (Jainism)|Ambika]].{{Sfn|Tiwari|1989|p=13}}<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Indian - Mandala of Padmavati - Walters 543007.jpg|'Mandala of Padmavati', bronze, [[Walters Art Museum]], 11th century<br />
File:Sculpture of Yakshi Padmavathi at Akkana Basadi in Shravanabelagola.jpg|Sculpture of Goddess Padmavati in [[Akkana Basadi]], 12th century<br />
File:Padmavati Chandigarh Museum.jpg|Sculpture of Padmavati in the [[Government Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh]]. [[Chola dynasty]], 13th century<br />
File:Padmavati Devi Walkeshwar Jain Temple.jpg|Goddess Padmavati at [[Walkeshwar#Places_of_interest|Walkeshwar Jain Temple]]<br />
File:Shri Mahaveerji temple - Padmavati Idol.jpg|Padmavati at [[Shri Mahavirji]]<br />
File:Hanumantal padmavati.jpg|Goddess Padmavati at [[Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir]], [[Jabalpur]]<br />
</gallery><br />
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=== Main temples ===<br />
* [[Padmakshi Gutta]] in Warangal, Telangana<br />
* [[Padmavati temple, Humcha]], 7th century temple<br />
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<gallery><br />
File:Karkala_1.jpg|Padmavati Basadi, [[Karkala]], [[Karnataka]]<br />
File:Backside view of Basadi in Humcha.jpg|[[Padmavati temple, Humcha|Padmavati temple]], [[Humcha]]<br />
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File:Bale padmavati.jpg| Bale Padmavati Temple, [[Padmavati Temple Vadanbilu]], [[jog falls]] [[Karnataka]]<br />
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</gallery><br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[Humcha]]<br />
* [[Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir]]<br />
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==References==<br />
===Citation===<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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===Source===<br />
*{{citation |last=Dundas |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Dundas |title=The Jains |url={{Google books|jdjNkZoGFCgC|plainurl=yes}} |edition=Second |date=2002 |orig-year=1992 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-26605-5 |location=London and New York }}<br />
*{{citation |last=Shah |first=Umakant P. | author-link=Umakant Premanand Shah |title=Jaina Iconography |url={{Google books|m_y_P4duSXsC|page=267|plainurl=yes}} |year=1987 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-208-6 }} <br />
*{{citation |last1=Jain |first1=Jyotindra | author-link1=Jyotindra Jain |last2=Fischer |first2=Eberhard | author-link2=Eberhard Fischer (art historian) |title=Jaina Iconography |url={{Google books|mbXwopoqITIC|page=21|plainurl=yes}} | year=1978 | publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |location=Leiden | isbn=978-90-04-05259-8 }}<br />
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MDBpq23-0QoC|title=Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History|first=John|last=Cort|author-link=John E. Cort|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|date=2010|isbn=9780199739578}}<br />
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y64wDwAAQBAJ|title=Absent Lord: Ascetics and Kings in a Jain Ritual Culture|first=Lawrence A. |last=Babb|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|location=Berkeley, Calif.|date=1996|isbn=9780520203242|access-date=2017-09-22}}<br />
*{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l0Tt04JDN0kC| title=Ambika in Jaina Art and Literature | first=Dr. Maruti Nandan Prasad | last=Tiwari | publisher=[[Bharatiya Jnanpith]] | date=1989 }} <br />
*{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M_xsAwAAQBAJ | title=Sacred Plants of India | first=Nanditha | last=Krishna | publisher=[[Penguin Books|Penguin UK]] | date=2014 | isbn=9789351186915 }} <br />
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ngmw3CDm4MkC|title=Secrets of Yantra, Mantra and Tantra| first=L. R. |last=Chawdhri | publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |date=1992 |isbn=9781845570224 }} <br />
*{{cite book|url=http://ualberta.worldcat.org/title/padmasundarasuriviracita-yadusundaramahakavya/oclc/255996470|title=Padmasundarasūriviracita Yadusundaramahākāvya|last1=Sūri|first1=Padmasundara|last2=Raval|first2=D. P|last3=Shah|first3=Nagin J|series=L. D. Series 105 |date=1987|publisher=Lālabhāī Dalapatabhāī Bhāratīya Saṃskṛti Vidyāmadira|location=Ahamadābād|language=sa}} <br />
*{{cite journal|last=Cort|first=John|author-link=John E. Cort|date=1987-01-01|title=Medieval Jaina Goddess Traditions|journal=[[Numen]]|language=en|volume=34|issue=2|pages=235–255|doi=10.1163/156852787x00047|issn=1568-5276 }}<br />
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==External links==<br />
*{{Commonscatinline}} <br />
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{{Jainism topics}}<br />
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[[Category:Jain minor deities]]<br />
[[Category:Parshvanatha]]<br />
[[Category:Nāgas]]</div>QWLDesiree