Padanilam Parabrahma Temple - Revision history

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	==Padanilam Sivarathri==		==Padanilam Sivarathri==
	~~[[File:Edappon Nandikeshan Padanilam.jpg\|thumbnail\|right\|Nandikeshan from ''Edappon kara'']]~~
	Sivarathri<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/spisharam/2379365130/\|title = Vibrant!! Kettukazhcha കെട്ടുകാഴ്ച്ച a series of shots\|date = 6 March 2008}}</ref> is the main festival in the temple. Giant effigies of bulls, known locally as ''kettukala'', are pulled to the temple from 15 territories (''kara'') of the temple. Some of these have a height of more than 50 feet. Its one of the largest festivals of its kind in [[Kerala]]. There are many people in the Nooranad area, who are involved in the making of these colossal effigies. There is a proposal in front of the [[Kerala Government]] to recognize this village as the ''Nandikesha Paithruka Gramam'' due to its cultural importance.		Sivarathri<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/spisharam/2379365130/\|title = Vibrant!! Kettukazhcha കെട്ടുകാഴ്ച്ച a series of shots\|date = 6 March 2008}}</ref> is the main festival in the temple. Giant effigies of bulls, known locally as ''kettukala'', are pulled to the temple from 15 territories (''kara'') of the temple. Some of these have a height of more than 50 feet. Its one of the largest festivals of its kind in [[Kerala]]. There are many people in the Nooranad area, who are involved in the making of these colossal effigies. There is a proposal in front of the [[Kerala Government]] to recognize this village as the ''Nandikesha Paithruka Gramam'' due to its cultural importance.
	Thousands come to the temple on Sivarathri day to see the '''kaavadiyattam''' for Lord [[Kartikeya\|Subrahmanyan]] in the morning. Kaavady from all parts of the area come separately and meet at the temple. '''Kettulsavam''' is the most spectacular sight of the festival and is held in the evening. Kettulsavam from the distinct areas of the village come to the temple at around 4 p.m. The rituals and programmes only end at midnight.		Thousands come to the temple on Sivarathri day to see the '''kaavadiyattam''' for Lord [[Kartikeya\|Subrahmanyan]] in the morning. Kaavady from all parts of the area come separately and meet at the temple. '''Kettulsavam''' is the most spectacular sight of the festival and is held in the evening. Kettulsavam from the distinct areas of the village come to the temple at around 4 p.m. The rituals and programmes only end at midnight.

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2022-03-19T09:49:34Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 15:19, 19 March 2022
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	{{~~morefootnotes~~\|date=September 2019}}		{{more footnotes needed\|date=September 2019}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2019}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2019}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2019}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2019}}
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	\| website = [http://www.padanilamtemple.com or www.padanilamtemple.com]		\| website = [http://www.padanilamtemple.com or www.padanilamtemple.com]
	}}		}}
	'''Padanilam Parabrahma Temple '''('''പടനിലം പരബ്രഹ്മ ക്ഷേത്രം ''') is situated at [[Padanilam]] in [[Mavelikara ~~taluk~~]] of [[Alappuzha district]] in [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It is one of the major temples in erstwhile [[Travancore]] state. [[Padanilam]] is the cultural center of [[Nooranad]] region. The temple is situated 17 km east of [[Kayamkulam]] and 7 km south west of [[Pandalam]]. The temple is dedicated to Lord [[Parabrahma]], also known as ''omkaram''.		'''Padanilam Parabrahma Temple '''('''പടനിലം പരബ്രഹ്മ ക്ഷേത്രം ''') is situated at [[Padanilam]] in [[Mavelikkara\|Mavelikara]] taluk of [[Alappuzha district]] in [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It is one of the major temples in erstwhile [[Travancore]] state. [[Padanilam]] is the cultural center of [[Nooranad]] region. The temple is situated 17 km east of [[Kayamkulam]] and 7 km south west of [[Pandalam]]. The temple is dedicated to Lord [[Parabrahma]], also known as ''omkaram''.

	==History==		==History==
	<ref>http://lsgkerala.in/nooranadpanchayat/history/</ref>		<ref>http://lsgkerala.in/nooranadpanchayat/history/ {{Dead link\|date=March 2022}}</ref>
	Padanilam Temple is believed to be [[swayambhu]]. Its actual history and the facts about how worship started there are unknown. Padanilam has been the administrative centre of Nooranad and it has the history of intense conflict between various ''karakal'' (territories) around the temple. This was for gaining control over the temple administration and thereby controlling the entire village. Due to this ''pada'' (battle/conflict), the place is said to have got its name. It is believed that the army troops of ''[[Kayamkulam]]'' Kingdom was camped near the temple for protecting the kingdom from the attack of neighbouring kings. During this period, the village had some chieftains and their supporters. They include Noorukodi Unnithans, Kadackal Kuruppans, Vettathasaans and Vettadickal Kuruppans. ''Kayamkulam Raja'' withdrew his troops about four centuries ago. This initiated tensions between the chieftains for control of the village. Thus they divided into south and north, starting battle. The south side consisted of Noorukodi Karuppans and Kadackal Kuruppans. The other side had Vettathasans and Vettadickal Kuruppans with them. Twenty-two ''karakal'' supported their respective sides. During the battle, many soldiers of both the sides died in large numbers. They were buried in the ''chira'' near the temple. Even from very earliest of times, this temple was a blessing for the people in the surrounding areas. It is also believed that the battle was between Marthanda varma King on one side and Kayamkulam King on the other. The twenty-two karakals of Nooranad took side with the two kings. The common people started worrying about the devastation of the war and approached the Pazhoor Panamana Thampuran to find a solution to end the war. He tried to intervene but the parties were not in a position to stop. He made a tent in the eastern part of the temple and started fasting unto death. But that also did not deter the warring parties. But when he was on the verge of death due to the fast, they fearing the ''Brahmanasaapam'', agreed to stop war. They demarcated the boundary in the north-south direction and stopped the war in the name of Parabrahma, the presiding deity of the temple.		Padanilam Temple is believed to be [[swayambhu]]. Its actual history and the facts about how worship started there are unknown. Padanilam has been the administrative centre of Nooranad and it has the history of intense conflict between various ''karakal'' (territories) around the temple. This was for gaining control over the temple administration and thereby controlling the entire village. Due to this ''pada'' (battle/conflict), the place is said to have got its name. It is believed that the army troops of ''[[Kayamkulam]]'' Kingdom was camped near the temple for protecting the kingdom from the attack of neighbouring kings. During this period, the village had some chieftains and their supporters. They include Noorukodi Unnithans, Kadackal Kuruppans, Vettathasaans and Vettadickal Kuruppans. ''Kayamkulam Raja'' withdrew his troops about four centuries ago. This initiated tensions between the chieftains for control of the village. Thus they divided into south and north, starting battle. The south side consisted of Noorukodi Karuppans and Kadackal Kuruppans. The other side had Vettathasans and Vettadickal Kuruppans with them. Twenty-two ''karakal'' supported their respective sides. During the battle, many soldiers of both the sides died in large numbers. They were buried in the ''chira'' near the temple. Even from very earliest of times, this temple was a blessing for the people in the surrounding areas. It is also believed that the battle was between Marthanda varma King on one side and Kayamkulam King on the other. The twenty-two karakals of Nooranad took side with the two kings. The common people started worrying about the devastation of the war and approached the Pazhoor Panamana Thampuran to find a solution to end the war. He tried to intervene but the parties were not in a position to stop. He made a tent in the eastern part of the temple and started fasting unto death. But that also did not deter the warring parties. But when he was on the verge of death due to the fast, they fearing the ''Brahmanasaapam'', agreed to stop war. They demarcated the boundary in the north-south direction and stopped the war in the name of Parabrahma, the presiding deity of the temple.

	==Padanilam Sivarathri==		==Padanilam Sivarathri==
	[[File:Edappon Nandikeshan Padanilam.jpg\|thumbnail\|right\|Nandikeshan from ''Edappon kara'']]		[[File:Edappon Nandikeshan Padanilam.jpg\|thumbnail\|right\|Nandikeshan from ''Edappon kara'']]
	Sivarathri<ref>[https://www.flickr.com/photos/spisharam/2379365130/]</ref> is the main festival in the temple. Giant effigies of bulls, known locally as ''kettukala'', are pulled to the temple from 15 territories (''kara'') of the temple. Some of these have a height of more than 50 feet. Its one of the largest festivals of its kind in [[Kerala]]. There are many people in the Nooranad area, who are involved in the making of these colossal effigies. There is a proposal in front of the [[Kerala Government]] to recognize this village as the ''Nandikesha Paithruka Gramam'' due to its cultural importance.		Sivarathri<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/spisharam/2379365130/\|title = Vibrant!! Kettukazhcha കെട്ടുകാഴ്ച്ച a series of shots\|date = 6 March 2008}}</ref> is the main festival in the temple. Giant effigies of bulls, known locally as ''kettukala'', are pulled to the temple from 15 territories (''kara'') of the temple. Some of these have a height of more than 50 feet. Its one of the largest festivals of its kind in [[Kerala]]. There are many people in the Nooranad area, who are involved in the making of these colossal effigies. There is a proposal in front of the [[Kerala Government]] to recognize this village as the ''Nandikesha Paithruka Gramam'' due to its cultural importance.
	Thousands come to the temple on Sivarathri day to see the '''kaavadiyattam''' for Lord [[Kartikeya\|Subrahmanyan]] in the morning. Kaavady from all parts of the area come separately and meet at the temple. '''Kettulsavam''' is the most spectacular sight of the festival and is held in the evening. Kettulsavam from the distinct areas of the village come to the temple at around 4 p.m. The rituals and programmes only end at midnight.		Thousands come to the temple on Sivarathri day to see the '''kaavadiyattam''' for Lord [[Kartikeya\|Subrahmanyan]] in the morning. Kaavady from all parts of the area come separately and meet at the temple. '''Kettulsavam''' is the most spectacular sight of the festival and is held in the evening. Kettulsavam from the distinct areas of the village come to the temple at around 4 p.m. The rituals and programmes only end at midnight.

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	==Other festivals==		==Other festivals==
	[[File:Lakshadeepam at Padanilam Temple.jpg\|thumbnail\|right\|Lakshadeepam at the temple during ''mandala chirapp'']]		[[File:Lakshadeepam at Padanilam Temple.jpg\|thumbnail\|right\|Lakshadeepam at the temple during ''mandala chirapp'']]
	<ref>http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2016/nov/06/parabrahma-chaithanya-awarded-to-veteran-actress-kpac-lalitha-1535451.html</ref>		<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2016/nov/06/parabrahma-chaithanya-awarded-to-veteran-actress-kpac-lalitha-1535451.html\|title=Parabrahma Chaithanya awarded to veteran actress KPAC Lalitha}}</ref>
	Other festivals in the temple include:		Other festivals in the temple include:
	*Vrischika mahotsavam, which is celebrated during the first 12 days of the Malayalam month of ''vrischikam''. The ending day of the festival is called ''Panthrand Vilakk''. Each year during vrischika mahotsavam, temple administration gives the ''Parabrahma Chaithanya Award'' to notable personalities for their contributions in their respective fields.<ref>http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/adoor-gopalakrishnan-selected-for-parabrahma-chaitanya-award/1/497623.html</ref>		*Vrischika mahotsavam, which is celebrated during the first 12 days of the Malayalam month of ''vrischikam''. The ending day of the festival is called ''Panthrand Vilakk''. Each year during vrischika mahotsavam, temple administration gives the ''Parabrahma Chaithanya Award'' to notable personalities for their contributions in their respective fields.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/adoor-gopalakrishnan-selected-for-parabrahma-chaitanya-award/1/497623.html\|title = Adoor Gopalakrishnan selected for Parabrahma Chaitanya award}}</ref>

	*Irupathiyettamonam		*Irupathiyettamonam
	*Mandala Chirappu		*Mandala Chirappu
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	==How to reach==		==How to reach==
	There are both private and KSRTC buses from the towns of Kayamkulam and Pandalam. There are buses from [[Pandalam]], [[Kayamkulam]], [[Pathanamthitta]], [[Konni, Pathanamthitta\|Konni]], [[Mavelikkara]], [[Oachira]], and [[Karunagapally]] passing through Padanilam. Padanilam is situated on the [[Kayamkulam]]-[[Pandalam]]-[[Pathanamthitta]] bus route.		There are both private and [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation\|KSRTC]] buses from the towns of Kayamkulam and Pandalam. There are buses from [[Pandalam]], [[Kayamkulam]], [[Pathanamthitta]], [[Konni, Pathanamthitta\|Konni]], [[Mavelikkara]], [[Oachira]], and [[Karunagapally]] passing through Padanilam. Padanilam is situated on the [[Kayamkulam]]-[[Pandalam]]-[[Pathanamthitta]] bus route.

	==References==		==References==

imported>Ira Leviton: Fixed typos found with Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss.

2021-06-07T19:46:16Z

Fixed typos found with Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss.

New page

{{morefootnotes|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Nooranad Padanilam Parabrahma Temple
| image =File:Omkaram.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Kerala
| map_caption = Location in [[Kerala]]
| coordinates = {{coord|9.190|76.632|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| native_name = പടനിലം പരബ്രഹ്മ ക്ഷേത്രം
| country = {{IND}}
| state = [[Kerala]]
| district = [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
| location = [[Padanilam]], [[Nooranad]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Parabrahma]]
| festivals= [[Mahashivarathri]]<br />''vrischika mahotsavam''<br />''Irupathiyettamonam''<br />''Mandala chirappu''<br />''para ezhunnallath''
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| established =
| creator =
| governing_body =
| website = [http://www.padanilamtemple.com or www.padanilamtemple.com]
}}
'''Padanilam Parabrahma Temple '''('''പടനിലം പരബ്രഹ്മ ക്ഷേത്രം ''') is situated at [[Padanilam]] in [[Mavelikara taluk]] of [[Alappuzha district]] in [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It is one of the major temples in erstwhile [[Travancore]] state. [[Padanilam]] is the cultural center of [[Nooranad]] region. The temple is situated 17 km east of [[Kayamkulam]] and 7 km south west of [[Pandalam]]. The temple is dedicated to Lord [[Parabrahma]], also known as ''omkaram''.

==History==
<ref>http://lsgkerala.in/nooranadpanchayat/history/</ref>
Padanilam Temple is believed to be [[swayambhu]]. Its actual history and the facts about how worship started there are unknown. Padanilam has been the administrative centre of Nooranad and it has the history of intense conflict between various ''karakal'' (territories) around the temple. This was for gaining control over the temple administration and thereby controlling the entire village. Due to this ''pada'' (battle/conflict), the place is said to have got its name. It is believed that the army troops of ''[[Kayamkulam]]'' Kingdom was camped near the temple for protecting the kingdom from the attack of neighbouring kings. During this period, the village had some chieftains and their supporters. They include Noorukodi Unnithans, Kadackal Kuruppans, Vettathasaans and Vettadickal Kuruppans. ''Kayamkulam Raja'' withdrew his troops about four centuries ago. This initiated tensions between the chieftains for control of the village. Thus they divided into south and north, starting battle. The south side consisted of Noorukodi Karuppans and Kadackal Kuruppans. The other side had Vettathasans and Vettadickal Kuruppans with them. Twenty-two ''karakal'' supported their respective sides. During the battle, many soldiers of both the sides died in large numbers. They were buried in the ''chira'' near the temple. Even from very earliest of times, this temple was a blessing for the people in the surrounding areas. It is also believed that the battle was between Marthanda varma King on one side and Kayamkulam King on the other. The twenty-two karakals of Nooranad took side with the two kings. The common people started worrying about the devastation of the war and approached the Pazhoor Panamana Thampuran to find a solution to end the war. He tried to intervene but the parties were not in a position to stop. He made a tent in the eastern part of the temple and started fasting unto death. But that also did not deter the warring parties. But when he was on the verge of death due to the fast, they fearing the ''Brahmanasaapam'', agreed to stop war. They demarcated the boundary in the north-south direction and stopped the war in the name of Parabrahma, the presiding deity of the temple.

==Padanilam Sivarathri==
[[File:Edappon Nandikeshan Padanilam.jpg|thumbnail|right|Nandikeshan from ''Edappon kara'']]
Sivarathri<ref>[https://www.flickr.com/photos/spisharam/2379365130/]</ref> is the main festival in the temple. Giant effigies of bulls, known locally as ''kettukala'', are pulled to the temple from 15 territories (''kara'') of the temple. Some of these have a height of more than 50 feet. Its one of the largest festivals of its kind in [[Kerala]]. There are many people in the Nooranad area, who are involved in the making of these colossal effigies. There is a proposal in front of the [[Kerala Government]] to recognize this village as the ''Nandikesha Paithruka Gramam'' due to its cultural importance.
Thousands come to the temple on Sivarathri day to see the '''kaavadiyattam''' for Lord [[Kartikeya|Subrahmanyan]] in the morning. Kaavady from all parts of the area come separately and meet at the temple. '''Kettulsavam''' is the most spectacular sight of the festival and is held in the evening. Kettulsavam from the distinct areas of the village come to the temple at around 4 p.m. The rituals and programmes only end at midnight.

==Temple Specialities==
[[File:Padanilam kettukazha.jpg|thumbnail|right|Decorated head of a Kettukala|211x211px]]

*The temple has no protective walls or roofs
*The priests are not necessarily Brahmins.
*The temple neither opens nor closes. Rituals like ''Nada thurappu'' (opening of the temple in the dawn) and ''Nada adakkal'' (closing of the temple during night) are not performed at this temple.
*Non-Hindus are permitted to enter the temple and can even take part in all the celebrations related to temple including Shivarathri kettukazhcha. Religious unity is a trademark of [[Padanilam]] and it upholds the real [[culture of India]].
*[[Vibhuti]] (holy ash) is given to devotees instead of [[Sandalwood]] paste.
*There is no proper idol in the temple. Only a stone image of '''OM''' and is placed under natural roof formed by tree leaves.
*Devotees can stay in the temple compound for the first 12 days of the month ''Vrischikam'' for doing bhajan for Lord Parabrahman. For this purpose special huts are made in temple premise and devotees lead a holy life these days. The number of huts are increasing year by year.
*The temple is one of the ''Idathaavalam'' of '''[[Sabarimala]]''' Dharma Sastha Temple.The temple provides resting place for [[Ayyappa]] devotees coming from various places. Many Pamba special service buses are passing through Padanilam. Temple authority is providing dried [[ginger]] coffee and light food for Sabarimala devotees.

== Karakal (territories) ==
Padanilam Parabrahma Temple temple has mainly 15 ''karakal (territories).'' They are
* Nedukulanjimuri
* Palamel
* Thathammunna
* Edappon
* Naduvilemuri
* Muthukattukara
* Ulavukkad
* Erumakuzhy
* Puthupallikunnam
* Kudassanad
* Pulimel
* Edakkunnam
* Pattoor
* Pazhanjikkonam
* Kidangayam
<gallery>
File:Nedukulanjimuri.jpg|Nandikeshan from Nedukulanji kara
File:Palamel.jpg|Nandikeshan from Palamel kara
File:Edappon.jpg|Nandikeshan from Edappon kara
File:Naduvilemuri.png|Nandikeshan from Naduvilemuri kara
File:Muthukattukara.jpg|Nandikeshan from Muthukattu kara
File:Ulavukkad.png|Nandikeshan from Ulavukkad kara
File:Erumakuzhi.png|Nandikeshan from Erumakuzhy kara
File:Puthupallikunnam.png|Nandikeshan from Puthupallikunnam kara
File:Kudassanadu.png|Nandikeshan from Kudassanad kara
File:Pulimel.jpg|Nandikeshan from Pulimel kara
File:Edakkunnam.png|Nandikeshan from Edakkunnam kara
File:Pattor.jpg|Nandikeshan from Pattor kara
File:Pazhanjikonam.jpg|Nandikeshan from Pazhanjikonam kara
File:Kidangayam.jpg|Nandikeshan from Kidangayam kara
</gallery>

==Other festivals==
[[File:Lakshadeepam at Padanilam Temple.jpg|thumbnail|right|Lakshadeepam at the temple during ''mandala chirapp'']]
<ref>http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2016/nov/06/parabrahma-chaithanya-awarded-to-veteran-actress-kpac-lalitha-1535451.html</ref>
Other festivals in the temple include:
*Vrischika mahotsavam, which is celebrated during the first 12 days of the Malayalam month of ''vrischikam''. The ending day of the festival is called ''Panthrand Vilakk''. Each year during vrischika mahotsavam, temple administration gives the ''Parabrahma Chaithanya Award'' to notable personalities for their contributions in their respective fields.<ref>http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/adoor-gopalakrishnan-selected-for-parabrahma-chaitanya-award/1/497623.html</ref>

*Irupathiyettamonam
*Mandala Chirappu
*Sapthaha yajnam

Many marriages are also conducted in this temple, because marriage in this temple is considered auspicious.

==How to reach==
There are both private and KSRTC buses from the towns of Kayamkulam and Pandalam. There are buses from [[Pandalam]], [[Kayamkulam]], [[Pathanamthitta]], [[Konni, Pathanamthitta|Konni]], [[Mavelikkara]], [[Oachira]], and [[Karunagapally]] passing through Padanilam. Padanilam is situated on the [[Kayamkulam]]-[[Pandalam]]-[[Pathanamthitta]] bus route.

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
[http://padanilamtemple.org/ Official temple website]{{Hindu temples in Kerala}}{{commons category|Padanilam Parabrahma Temple}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]