Paan Singh Tomar - Revision history

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	\| event = [[3000 metres steeplechase\|3000 Metres Steeplechase]]		\| event = [[3000 metres steeplechase\|3000 Metres Steeplechase]]
	\| birth_date = 1 January 1932		\| birth_date = 1 January 1932
	\| birth_place = Bhidosa, [[Tonwarghar District]],<ref> [https://books.google.com/books?id=FHZDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA434&lpg=PA434&dq=Tonwarghar+district&source=bl&ots=mQLROEaF4L&sig=jxruYBJA1BIU04X1EKV-JxU-nCw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiU_a-L39nfAhXI7IMKHY32ACkQ6AEwBHoECAQQAQ Mention of Tonwarghar District - Imperial Gazetteer Article] </ref> Northern Gwalior Division, [[Gwalior State]], [[British Raj\|British India]] <br/>{{small\|(modern-day [[Morena District]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]])}}		\| birth_place = Bhidosa, [[Tonwarghar District]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FHZDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA434&lpg=PA434&dq=Tonwarghar+district&source=bl&ots=mQLROEaF4L&sig=jxruYBJA1BIU04X1EKV-JxU-nCw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiU_a-L39nfAhXI7IMKHY32ACkQ6AEwBHoECAQQAQ Mention of Tonwarghar District - Imperial Gazetteer Article]</ref> Northern Gwalior Division, [[Gwalior State]], [[British Raj\|British India]] <br/>{{small\|(modern-day [[Morena District]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]])}}
	\| death_date = 1 October 1981 (aged 49) (Killed in a police encounter)		\| death_date = 1 October 1981 (aged 49) (Killed in a police encounter)
	\| death_place = Rathia Ka Pura, [[Bhind District]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]		\| death_place = Rathia Ka Pura, [[Bhind District]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
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	==Death==		==Death==
	On October 1, 1981, the Circle Inspector mahendra singh Chauhan and		On October 1, 1981, the Circle Inspector mahendra singh Chauhan and
	his special task force of 500 policemen cornered and shot Tomar before leaving him for dead. 14 other members of his crew were also killed. The standoff and gunfight lasted over 12 hours. Chauhan had been tipped off about Tomar's arrival by Motiram Jatav, one of the village Dalits who was angered by Tomar's discriminatory attitude.<ref name=End>{{cite web\|last=Mukherjee\|first=Arindam\|title=The Last Moments of Paana\|url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/the-last-moments-of-paana\|work=[[Open (Indian magazine)\|Open Magazine]]\|access-date=31 March 2012}}</ref><ref> {{Cite web\|date=2015-08-01\|title=Betrayal, caste haunt village where Paan Singh Tomar was killed\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/betrayal-caste-haunt-village-where-paan-singh-tomar-was-killed/story-oBevIl7CrH72f2fr5hWkBO.html\|access-date=2021-03-01\|website=[[Hindustan Times]]\|language=en}} </ref>		his special task force of 500 policemen cornered and shot Tomar before leaving him for dead. 14 other members of his crew were also killed. The standoff and gunfight lasted over 12 hours. Chauhan had been tipped off about Tomar's arrival by Motiram Jatav, one of the village Dalits who was angered by Tomar's discriminatory attitude.<ref name=End>{{cite web\|last=Mukherjee\|first=Arindam\|title=The Last Moments of Paana\|url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/the-last-moments-of-paana\|work=[[Open (Indian magazine)\|Open Magazine]]\|access-date=31 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|date=2015-08-01\|title=Betrayal, caste haunt village where Paan Singh Tomar was killed\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/betrayal-caste-haunt-village-where-paan-singh-tomar-was-killed/story-oBevIl7CrH72f2fr5hWkBO.html\|access-date=2021-03-01\|website=[[Hindustan Times]]\|language=en}}</ref>

	According to newspaper reports, Tomar was shot when he was alive and was asking for water: "Any Rajput here who could please give me some water?"; [[Havildar]] Tribhuwan Singh started walking towards Tomar with some water but Circle Inspector Chauhan shouted at him: "Tribhuwan, [[dacoits]] have no caste." And he was left to die.{{cn\|date=August 2020}}		According to newspaper reports, Tomar was shot when he was alive and was asking for water: "Any Rajput here who could please give me some water?"; [[Havildar]] Tribhuwan Singh started walking towards Tomar with some water but Circle Inspector Chauhan shouted at him: "Tribhuwan, [[dacoits]] have no caste." And he was left to die.{{cn\|date=August 2020}}
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	=== Sources ===		=== Sources ===
	* {{Cite book\|last=Singh\|first=Milkha\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2TFwAEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en\|title=The Race of My Life: An Autobiography\|last2=Sanwalka\|first2=Sonia\|date=2013\|publisher=[[Rupa Publications]]\|isbn=978-81-291-2910-9\|pages=~~113-121~~\|language=en\|ref={{SfnRef\|Singh and ed\|2013}}\|author-link=Milkha Singh}}		* {{Cite book\|last=Singh\|first=Milkha\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2TFwAEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en\|title=The Race of My Life: An Autobiography\|last2=Sanwalka\|first2=Sonia\|date=2013\|publisher=[[Rupa Publications]]\|isbn=978-81-291-2910-9\|pages=113–121\|language=en\|ref={{SfnRef\|Singh and ed\|2013}}\|author-link=Milkha Singh}}

	=== Citations ===		=== Citations ===

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{{Short description|Indian soldier, athlete, and outlaw}}
{{For|the Hindi film| Paan Singh Tomar (film)}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox athlete
| honorific_prefix = [[Subedar]]
| name = Paan Singh Tomar
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Paan Singh Tomar.png
| nationality = {{flagu|British India}}n (1932-1947)<br>{{flagu|India}}n (1947-1981; his death)
| sport = [[Track and field]]
| event = [[3000 metres steeplechase|3000 Metres Steeplechase]]
| birth_date = 1 January 1932
| birth_place = Bhidosa, [[Tonwarghar District]],<ref> [https://books.google.com/books?id=FHZDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA434&lpg=PA434&dq=Tonwarghar+district&source=bl&ots=mQLROEaF4L&sig=jxruYBJA1BIU04X1EKV-JxU-nCw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiU_a-L39nfAhXI7IMKHY32ACkQ6AEwBHoECAQQAQ Mention of Tonwarghar District - Imperial Gazetteer Article] </ref> Northern Gwalior Division, [[Gwalior State]], [[British Raj|British India]] <br/>{{small|(modern-day [[Morena District]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]])}}
| death_date = 1 October 1981 (aged 49) (Killed in a police encounter)
| death_place = Rathia Ka Pura, [[Bhind District]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| height = {{convert|6|ft|1|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=Profile>{{cite web|title=Paan Singh Tomar|url=http://www.timescrest.com/sports/who-was-this-man-7394|work=Who was this man?|access-date=3 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222142049/http://www.timescrest.com/sports/who-was-this-man-7394|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}
| module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes
| allegiance = {{Flag|India}}
| branch = {{Army|India}}
| serviceyears =
| rank = [[File:Subedar - Risaldar of the Indian Army.svg|30px]] [[Subedar]]
| unit = [[Bengal Engineer Group]]
}}
}}

'''Paan Singh Tomar''' (January 1, 1932 – October 1, 1981) was an [[Indian people|Indian]] soldier, [[Sportsperson|athlete]], and later, ''Baaghi'' (rebel/outlaw).

He served in the Indian Army, where his talent for running was discovered. He was a seven-time national [[Steeplechase (athletics)|steeplechase]] champion in the 1950s and 1960s, and represented [[India]] at the [[1958 Asian Games]]. After a premature retirement from the army, Tomar returned to his native village. He later gained notoriety as a [[dacoit|rebel]] of [[Chambal River|Chambal Valley]], when he resorted to violence after a land feud there. In late 1981, Tomar was killed in a police encounter, in a village of [[Bhind district]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]].

==Early life==
Paan Singh Tomar was born in the small village of Bhidosa, near [[Porsa]], in a [[Hindu]] [[Rajput]] family,<ref>https://thebridge.in/athletics/irrfan-khan-man-who-reminded-us-paan-singh-tomar-glory/?infinitescroll=1</ref> living on banks of the [[Chambal River]], in the erstwhile [[Tonwarghar]] district of the [[princely state]] of [[Gwalior State|Gwalior]], under the rule of the [[British Raj]] in India. Tomar's father was Eashwari Singh Tomar, whose younger brother Dayaram Singh Tomar went on to sire a branch of the Tomar family that owns most of the fertile agricultural land in and around the Bhidosa area. Tomar would later go on to murder Babbu Singh Tomar, his nephew and Dayaram Singh Tomar's grandson, in 1977 following a shady land dispute in which Tomar was cheated out of land.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paan Singh. Tomar|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/others/who-was-this-man-15427.html|work=Who was this man?|access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref>

==Army career==
Paan Singh Tomar served as a [[subedar]] in 51 Engineer Regiment, [[Bengal Engineer Group]], based at [[Roorkee]]. He was a champion sportsman, a national-ranking athlete, back in the 1950s and 60s. Legend has it that his initiation into serious running came off a dispute. When Tomar had just enrolled in his regiment, he got into an argument with an instructor. As punishment, Tomar was ordered to run numerous laps of the parade ground. As he ran, he caught the eye of the other officers. What they saw, impressed them and soon Tomar was exempted from his regular duties and was put on the special diet for army sportsmen and enjoyed other perks and benefits.<ref>{{cite web |title= Who was this man? |url= http://www.timescrest.com/sports/who-was-this-man-7394 |publisher= Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd |website= timesccrest.com |access-date= 1 March 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151222142049/http://www.timescrest.com/sports/who-was-this-man-7394 |archive-date= 22 December 2015 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

==Sports career==
He represented India at the [[1958 Asian Games]] in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/From-the-king-of-the-track-to-the-ruler-of-the-ravines/articleshow/12118994.cms |title=From the king of the track to the ruler of the ravines – Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2016-03-20}}</ref> Tomar was not interested in steeplechase running at first but discovered it in the military. He went on to be the national champion of [[Steeplechase (athletics)|steeplechasing]] for seven years. His national record of 9 minutes and 2 seconds in the 3000-meter steeplechase event remained unbroken for 10 years. The army did not allow him to fight in the 1962 [[Sino-Indian War]] and [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] due to his career in sports, which ended in 1972.{{Sfn|Singh and ed|2013|p=114}}

==After retirement==
Upon retiring in 1977, Tomar returned to Bhidosa village. There arose a land dispute between him and his nephews Jandel Singh, Havaldar Singh, and Babbu Singh Tomar. Babbu Singh Tomar was a powerful landowner, who owned seven licensed guns and was the head of the 200-strong extended Tomar family. To solve the dispute, a ''[[Panchayat raj|panchayat]]'' (congregational meeting) was held with the collector, where Paan Singh was asked to give {{INR}}3,000 to Babbu Singh Tomar and his siblings, to keep his own land. Tomar obliged, but his own nephew, Balwant Singh Tomar, retaliated for the duplicity. The collector promised to return in 15 days. In the meantime, Babbu Singh Tomar came to Tomar's house and assaulted his 95-year-old mother who was alone in the household at the time. Following Tomar's return, his mother asked him to take revenge and return her ''[[izzat (honour)|izzat]]'' (honor) by the morning. Balwant and Tomar went to the fields armed where they found Babbu Singh. Tomar then shot at Babbu Singh, who continued to run for about a kilometer before he collapsed, despite being shot several times. Tomar would later give an interview to a local newspaper in [[Gwalior]], which may have prompted the administration to start taking his case seriously. At that time, there was a price of {{INR}}10,000 on his head. He stated in the interview that he did not want to kill the eight villagers, whose tip-off led to the killing of his elder brother Matadin Singh Tomar. But he could not stop his nephew Balwant, who was Matadin's son. {{cn|date=February 2021}}

==Death==
On October 1, 1981, the Circle Inspector mahendra singh Chauhan and
his special task force of 500 policemen cornered and shot Tomar before leaving him for dead. 14 other members of his crew were also killed. The standoff and gunfight lasted over 12 hours. Chauhan had been tipped off about Tomar's arrival by Motiram Jatav, one of the village Dalits who was angered by Tomar's discriminatory attitude.<ref name=End>{{cite web|last=Mukherjee|first=Arindam|title=The Last Moments of Paana|url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/the-last-moments-of-paana|work=[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open Magazine]]|access-date=31 March 2012}}</ref><ref> {{Cite web|date=2015-08-01|title=Betrayal, caste haunt village where Paan Singh Tomar was killed|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/betrayal-caste-haunt-village-where-paan-singh-tomar-was-killed/story-oBevIl7CrH72f2fr5hWkBO.html|access-date=2021-03-01|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}} </ref>

According to newspaper reports, Tomar was shot when he was alive and was asking for water: "Any Rajput here who could please give me some water?"; [[Havildar]] Tribhuwan Singh started walking towards Tomar with some water but Circle Inspector Chauhan shouted at him: "Tribhuwan, [[dacoits]] have no caste." And he was left to die.{{cn|date=August 2020}}

==Paan Singh's family==
Paan Singh's son, Souram Singh Tomar (b. 1959) is a retired [[Indian Army]] [[subedar]] who lives in [[Babina, Uttar Pradesh|Babina]] in the Jhansi District of Uttar Pradesh. He moved there to flee the violence in Bhidosa.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-police-create-dacoits-in-chambal-paan-singh-tomar-s-son/article1-829811.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118201235/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-police-create-dacoits-in-chambal-paan-singh-tomar-s-son/article1-829811.aspx | url-status=dead | archive-date=November 18, 2013 | title=The police create dacoits in Chambal: Paan Singh Tomar's son | publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] | date=23 March 2012 | access-date=6 May 2014 | author=Tomar Shruti}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
A biographic film, ''[[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]]'', was released in 2012, to much critical acclaim. It was written by Sanjay Chouhan and directed by [[Tigmanshu Dhulia]]. It starred [[Irrfan Khan]] as Paan Singh Tomar, and [[Mahie Gill]] as his wife.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Awards Announced in various categories for the 60th National Film Awards|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2013/mar/d2013031801.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Jagga Jatt]]
* [[Phoolan Devi]]
* [[Seema Parihar]]
* [[Veerappan]]

==References==

=== Sources ===
* {{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Milkha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2TFwAEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|title=The Race of My Life: An Autobiography|last2=Sanwalka|first2=Sonia|date=2013|publisher=[[Rupa Publications]]|isbn=978-81-291-2910-9|pages=113-121|language=en|ref={{SfnRef|Singh and ed|2013}}|author-link=Milkha Singh}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|35em}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tomar, Paan Singh}}
[[Category:Asian Games competitors for India]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1958 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Indian male steeplechase runners]]
[[Category:People from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:People shot dead by law enforcement officers in India]]
[[Category:Indian outlaws]]
[[Category:People from Morena district]]
[[Category:Indian robbers]]