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{{Short description|Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle mission by ISRO}}
{{Use American English|date=October 2023}}

{{Infobox rocket launch
| name = PSLV-C7
| rocket = PSLV
| image = The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C7) successfully launches 4 satellites from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, SHAR, in Sriharikota on January 10, 2007 (1).jpg
| image_caption = The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C7) successfully launches 4 satellites from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, SHAR, in Sriharikota on January 10, 2007
| image_size = 300px
| launch = {{Start date|2007|10|01|df=yes}}, 03:54 UTC
| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| pad = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Sriharikota]]
| payload = {{flagicon|India}} [[CARTOSAT-2|Cartosat-2]] {{flagicon|India}} [[Space Capsule Recovery Experiment|SRE-1]] {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[LAPAN-TUBSAT|LAPAN-TUBsat]] {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Pehuensat-1]]
| outcome = Success
| succession = [[List of PSLV launches|PSLV launches]]
| previous = [[PSLV-C8]]
| next = [[PSLV-C9]]
}}

'''PSLV-C7''' was a mission of the Indian [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV) rocket, launched on January 10, 2007, by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] at [[Sriharikota]], Andhra Pradesh.

The mission consisted of [[Space Capsule Recovery Experiment]], [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]'s first reentry mission,<ref name="C7">
[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-01/22/content_5638117.htm China View: India's first space capsule returns to earth] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502160720/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-01/22/content_5638117.htm |date=2008-05-02 }} January 22, 2007</ref> along with [[Cartosat-2]], an [[Earth observation satellite]], [[LAPAN-TUBSAT|LAPAN-TUBsat]], [[Indonesia]]'s first [[remote sensing satellite]], and [[Pehuensat-1]], an Argentine educational satellite.<ref name="C7.brochure">{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Missions/PSLVC7/publication.pdf|title=PSLV C7/Cartosat-2/SRE Mission Brochure|publisher=ISRO|access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref>

The mission was an important mission is the history of [[PSLV]], because it had many new additions to the rocket. The mission also had the first use of Dual Launch Adapter, (DLA).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sspconline.org/opinion/IndiaPoisedforANewHighwithPSLV-C7LaunchFeat_AjeyLele_200107|title=India Poised for A New High with PSLV-C7 Launch Feat |website=www.sspconline.org|access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref>

==Speciality and Major Changes==

* First reentry Experiment of [[ISRO]]
* Altitude based Day of Launch (DOL) wind biased steering program during Open Loop Guidance
* Deletion of SITVC system of airlit strap-on.
* PS1 SITVC Injectant loading reduced by 500 kg.
* Use of externally fabricated nozzles for the two motors.
* Use of Dual Launch Adapter (DLA)
* First use of 2 ton liquid stage for fourth stage.
* Video Imaging System to capture payloads (Cartosat-2 & SRE) and DLA separation events.
* Internal vehicle length increased by 2.25 m with the Introduction of DLA.
* Flight sequence modified for multiple satellite/DLA separation.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/mission_PSLV_C7_CARTOSAT_2_SRE_1.html?timeline=timeline|title=PSLV C7 cartosat/sre-1 mission|website=isro.gov.in|accessdate=12 October 2023}}</ref>

==Launch==

This was the tenth Launch of the [[PSLV]] rocket. It launched at 03:53 [[UTC]] on January 10, 2007, from [[Sriharikota]].<ref name=":0"/>

* The first stage, of six solid propellant strap-ones, of [[HTPB]] fuel, ignited at Launch. They burned for 113 seconds and got disposed.
* The second stage of [[UH 25]] and [[N2O4|N2O4]] fuel, got ignited at 113 seconds. This was followed by a [[Heat shield]] separation and separation of PS2 at 264 seconds.
* PS3 ignited at 265 seconds and separated at 513 seconds.
* PS4 ignited at 533 seconda and cut off at 942 seconds.
* [[Cartosat-2]] separated at 979 seconds at an altitude of 639 km.
* Dual Launch Adapter separated at 1024 seconds
* [[Space Capsule Recovery Experiment|SRE]] separated at 1099 seconds at 641 km altitude.
* [[LAPAN-TUBSAT|LAPAN-TUBsat]] separated at 1169 seconds at an altitude of 642 km.

==Payloads==

===[[Space Capsule Recovery Experiment|SRE]]===

[[File:ISRO-SCRE-1-Spacecraft-1.jpg |thumb|right |Space Capsule RecoveryExperiment]]

The Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SCRE or more commonly SRE or SRE-1) is an Indian experimental [[spacecraft]]. It's the first step in their [[Gaganyaan]] program of [[ISRO]] which aim to send humans to space. It orbited the Earth for 12 days before re-entering the Earth's atmosphere and splashing down into the [[Bay of Bengal]] at 04:16 [[UTC]] on January 22.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070104225230/http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/22/stories/2006122206711300.htm PSLV to put recoverable satellite into orbit], ''The Hindu'' December 22, 2006</ref> It also did Research on reusable [[Thermal Protection System]], navigation, guidance and control, hypersonic aero-thermodynamics, management of communication blackout, deceleration and flotation system and tested recovery operations.<ref>[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-01/22/content_5638117.htm China View: India's first space capsule returns to earth] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502160720/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-01/22/content_5638117.htm |date=2008-05-02 }} January 22, 2007</ref>

===[[Cartosat-2]]===

[[Cartosat-2]] is an [[Earth observation satellite]] in a [[Sun-synchronous orbit]] and the second of the [[Cartosat]] series of satellites. It consists of a [[panchromatic]] (PAN) camera that take black and white pictures of the [[Earth]] in the [[Visible spectrum|visible region]] of the [[electromagnetic spectrum]]. It can produce images 1 metre in resolution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pasco.co.jp/eng/products/cartosat-2/|title=Cartosat-2: Optical Satellite |website=pasco.co.jp|access-date=26 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211171019/http://www.pasco.co.jp/eng/products/cartosat-2/|archive-date=11 February 2013}}</ref>

===[[LAPAN-TUBSAT|LAPAN-TUBsat]] and [[Pehuensat-1]]===

[[Pehuensat-1]] is an Argentinian amateur Radio satellite created by students of [[Universidad Nacional del Comahue]].<ref>{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Lanzan un satélite construido en la Argentina |url=http://www.conicet.gov.ar/NOTICIAS/ACTUALIDAD/2007/enero/010.php |publisher=conicet.gov.ar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610215839/http://www.conicet.gov.ar/NOTICIAS/ACTUALIDAD/2007/enero/010.php |archive-date=2007-06-10 }}</ref> [[LAPAN-TUBSAT|LAPAN-TUBsat]] is an Indonesian micro satellite, weighing 56 Kilograms, orbiting at 630 kilometers above Indonesia. This satellite travels through [[polar orbit]] across the archipelago two or three times each day.

==Dual Launch Adapter==

[[File:PSLV-C40- Render of payload fairing with Dual Launch Adapter.jpg |thumb |right |Dual Launch Adapter can be used to integrate 2 or more satellites on a single Launch. Note: This shows the DLA from the later [[PSLV-C40]] mission]]

It's an adapter designed to carry medium class (~1000 kg) payloads in [[PSLV]]. It consists of a Carbon Fibre composite, arranged in Honeycomb sandwich shells. With an [[aluminum]] core. It consists of three structures, DLA-U (upper), DLA-M (middle), and DLA-L (lower). DLA is mounted of the fourth stage of PS4, by bolting the DLA-L with Payload Adapter (PLA). DLA-U carries [[Cartosat-2]], and [[Space Capsule Recovery Experiment|SRE]] is connected to PLA via a band clamp separation system. DLA includes cutouts in which electrical connectors, sensors, cooling system of the satellite etc. can be mounted.

==Reactions and Honours==

[[File:The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh being presented a model of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C7), in New Delhi on January 17, 2007.jpg |thumb|right |The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh, along with Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office, Shri Prithviraj Chauhan, being presented a model of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C7), in New Delhi (January 17, 2007)]]

Team of ISRO scientists who were part of the mission were awarded the prestigious team achievement award of the [[International Academy of Astronautics]]. The award was given to them at [[Glasgow]], on September 28.

[[ISRO]] Chairman [[Madhavan Nair]] told the press "We've done it perfectly", after the launch.<ref>{{cite web|title= PSLV c7 successfully launched |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/pslv-c7-launched-successfully/story-AH1aNiP2PfXvAttZtSqdhP.html|website=www.hindustantimes.com|date=10 January 2007 |access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref> Dr V Jayaraman, director, earth observation system, said "We believe we can offer our products at one-fifth of the cost of our competitors, The size of the international market (for such images) is about $300 million-$500 million."

==Team==

The PSLV-C7 team was led by
* N Narayana Murthy, Project Director, [[Cartosat-2]]
* George Koshy, Vehicle Director, PSLV-C7
* Cartosat-2 by M Krishnaswamy, Programme Director, IRS.
* [[Space Capsule Recovery Experiment|SRE-1]] by A Subramoniam
* Ground support team by S K Shivakumar, Director, [[ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network|ISTRAC]].
* Overall co-ordination by P S Sastry, Director, LVPO at ISRO Headquarters, Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/isros-pslv-c7-team-gets-iaa-award/articleshow/3577239.cms|title=Isro pslv c7 team gets iaa award|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=9 October 2008 |access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{PSLV}}
{{Indian space programme}}

[[Category:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]]
[[Category:2007 in India]]
[[Category:2007 in spaceflight]]

PSLV C7 - Revision history

ArnulfoVos: added a entry!