PSLV-C37 - Revision history

2409:40E3:3011:CA3A:8000:0:0:0: quick update

2025-10-07T08:12:38Z

quick update

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:42, 7 October 2025
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	\| caption = The PSLV-XL launch vehicle rolled out at Sriharikota First, prior to flight C37		\| caption = The PSLV-XL launch vehicle rolled out at Sriharikota First, prior to flight C37
	\| rocket = PSLV-XL		\| rocket = PSLV-XL
	\| launch = {{Start date\|2017\|02\|15\|df=yes}}, 03:58:00 UTC		\| launch = {{Start date\|2017\|02\|14\|df=yes}}, 03:58:00 UTC
	\| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation\|ISRO]]		\| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation\|ISRO]]
	\| pad = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre\|Sriharikota]] [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad\|First]]		\| pad = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre\|Sriharikota]] [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad\|First]]
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	}}		}}

	'''PSLV-C37''' was the 39th mission of the Indian [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV) program and its 16th mission in the [[PSLV-XL\|XL]] configuration undertaken by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO). Launched on 15 February 2017 from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] at [[Sriharikota]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], the rocket successfully carried and deployed a record number of 104 [[satellite]]s in [[~~sun~~-synchronous orbit]]s in a single mission, breaking the earlier record of launching 37 satellites by a Russian [[Dnepr (rocket)\|Dnepr]] rocket on 19 June 2014. This record was held until the launch of the [[Transporter-1 (spaceflight)\|Transporter-1 mission]] by SpaceX on 24 January 2021 which launched 143 satellites.		'''PSLV-C37''' was the 39th mission of the Indian [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV) program and its 16th mission in the [[PSLV-XL\|XL]] configuration undertaken by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO). Launched on 14 February 2017 from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] at [[Sriharikota]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], the rocket successfully carried and deployed a record number of 104 [[satellite]]s in [[Sun-synchronous orbit]]s in a single mission, breaking the earlier record of launching 37 satellites by a Russian [[Dnepr (rocket)\|Dnepr]] rocket on 19 June 2014. This record was held until the launch of the [[Transporter-1 (spaceflight)\|Transporter-1 mission]] by SpaceX on 24 January 2021 which launched 143 satellites.

	Its primary payload was the [[Cartosat-2D]] [[~~earth~~ observation satellite]], while the secondary payloads included a total of 103 [[nanosatellite]]s, including two experiments from ISRO. The 101 international satellites were launched as part of a commercial arrangement between several firms and ISRO's commercial arm [[Antrix Corporation Limited]], run under the auspices of the [[Government of India\|Indian Government's]] [[Department of Space]].		Its primary payload was the [[Cartosat-2D]] [[Earth observation satellite]], while the secondary payloads included a total of 103 [[nanosatellite]]s, including two experiments from ISRO. The 101 international satellites were launched as part of a commercial arrangement between several firms and ISRO's commercial arm [[Antrix Corporation Limited]], run under the auspices of the [[Government of India\|Indian Government's]] [[Department of Space]].

	==Launch==		==Launch==
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	Originally, PSLV-C37 was set to launch on 27 January 2017 with 83 satellites. With the addition of twenty more satellites to the payload, the schedule was changed to 15 February 2017.<ref name="FirstPost">{{cite web\|url=http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/isros-pslv-c37-launch-scheduled-for-15-february-at-900-am-here-are-the-confirmed-details-361100.html\|title=ISRO's PSLV-C37 launch scheduled for 15 February at 9:00 am\|date=7 February 2017\|access-date=7 February 2017\|work=Firstpost\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207034307/http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/isros-pslv-c37-launch-scheduled-for-15-february-at-900-am-here-are-the-confirmed-details-361100.html\|archive-date=7 February 2017\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="thehindu.com">{{Cite news \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/PSLV-C-37-scheduled-for-launch-on-January-27/article16895637.ece \|title=PSLV-C 37 scheduled for launch on January 27 \|access-date=23 February 2017 \|work=The Hindu \|publication-date=18 December 2016 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222032406/http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/PSLV-C-37-scheduled-for-launch-on-January-27/article16895637.ece \|archive-date=22 December 2016 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>		Originally, PSLV-C37 was set to launch on 27 January 2017 with 83 satellites. With the addition of twenty more satellites to the payload, the schedule was changed to 15 February 2017.<ref name="FirstPost">{{cite web\|url=http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/isros-pslv-c37-launch-scheduled-for-15-february-at-900-am-here-are-the-confirmed-details-361100.html\|title=ISRO's PSLV-C37 launch scheduled for 15 February at 9:00 am\|date=7 February 2017\|access-date=7 February 2017\|work=Firstpost\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207034307/http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/isros-pslv-c37-launch-scheduled-for-15-february-at-900-am-here-are-the-confirmed-details-361100.html\|archive-date=7 February 2017\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="thehindu.com">{{Cite news \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/PSLV-C-37-scheduled-for-launch-on-January-27/article16895637.ece \|title=PSLV-C 37 scheduled for launch on January 27 \|access-date=23 February 2017 \|work=The Hindu \|publication-date=18 December 2016 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222032406/http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/PSLV-C-37-scheduled-for-launch-on-January-27/article16895637.ece \|archive-date=22 December 2016 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>

			On October 6 2024, the upper stage of the rocket (PS4) [[Atmospheric entry\|Re-entered]] the [[Atmosphere of Earth\|atmosphere]] at about 15:48:25 UTC. The corresponding impact point is located in the [[Atlantic Ocean\|North Atlantic Ocean]], off the coast of [[Cuba]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The upper stage of PSLV-37 which launched a record number of 104 satellites re-enters the Earth's atmosphere on 6 Oct 2024 \|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Upper_stage_PSLV37_launched_104satellites.html \|access-date=2024-10-08 \|website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref><br>
			[[File:PSLV-C37 PS4 Stage Re-entry map.png\|thumb\|This map shows the last orbital track and the final impact point of the PS4 Stage of the PSLV-C37 mission]]

	==Mission overview==		==Mission overview==

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

2023-09-02T09:41:52Z

Created a new article

New page

{{short description|39th mission of the PSLV space-rocket program}}
{{good article}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox rocket launch
| name = PSLV-C37
| image = Fullyintegratedpslv-c37seenwithmobileservicetower.jpg
| upright = yes
| alt = A PSLV-XL launch vehicle stationed at a launch pad
| caption = The PSLV-XL launch vehicle rolled out at Sriharikota First, prior to flight C37
| rocket = PSLV-XL
| launch = {{Start date|2017|02|15|df=yes}}, 03:58:00 UTC
| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| pad = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Sriharikota]] [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad|First]]
| payload = {{Collapsible list|title=104 satellites|titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left|{{Hlist|Al Farabi-1|[[BGUSAT]]|[[Cartosat-2D]]|DIDO-2|Doves (Flock 3p)|INS-1A|INS-1B|LEMUR Nano|Nayif-1|PEASSS}}}}
| outcome = Success
| succession = [[List of PSLV launches|PSLV launches]]
| previous = [[PSLV-C36]]
| next = [[PSLV-C38]]
}}

'''PSLV-C37''' was the 39th mission of the Indian [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV) program and its 16th mission in the [[PSLV-XL|XL]] configuration undertaken by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO). Launched on 15 February 2017 from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] at [[Sriharikota]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], the rocket successfully carried and deployed a record number of 104 [[satellite]]s in [[sun-synchronous orbit]]s in a single mission, breaking the earlier record of launching 37 satellites by a Russian [[Dnepr (rocket)|Dnepr]] rocket on 19 June 2014. This record was held until the launch of the [[Transporter-1 (spaceflight)|Transporter-1 mission]] by SpaceX on 24 January 2021 which launched 143 satellites.

Its primary payload was the [[Cartosat-2D]] [[earth observation satellite]], while the secondary payloads included a total of 103 [[nanosatellite]]s, including two experiments from ISRO. The 101 international satellites were launched as part of a commercial arrangement between several firms and ISRO's commercial arm [[Antrix Corporation Limited]], run under the auspices of the [[Government of India|Indian Government's]] [[Department of Space]].

==Launch==
[[File:Satish Dhawan Space Centre, India by Planet Labs.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in [[Sriharikota]], India, imaged by a Dove cubesat two days before the scheduled, record-setting PSLV-C37 launch]]
PSLV-C37 was launched from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad|First Launch Pad]] of [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in Sriharikota at 09:28 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] on 15 February 2017. It was the 39th flight of the PSLV and the sixteenth in the XL configuration.<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> It carried a total of 104 satellites including the primary payload [[Cartosat-2D]].<ref name="TOI">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-sets-history-launches-104-satellites-in-one-go/articleshow/57159734.cms |title=ISRO creates history, launches 104 satellites in one go |last=Tejonmayam |first=U |access-date=15 February 2017 |work=[[The Times of India]] |publication-date=15 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215200712/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-sets-history-launches-104-satellites-in-one-go/articleshow/57159734.cms |archive-date=15 February 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="HT">{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/final-countdown-isro-hours-away-from-record-launch-of-104-satellites-into-space/story-yfC70LKVupmiagGxWvnW0I.html|title=ISRO sets space record: Highlights of successful launch of Cartosat-2 and 103 other satellites|access-date=15 February 2017|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=15 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215032110/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/final-countdown-isro-hours-away-from-record-launch-of-104-satellites-into-space/story-yfC70LKVupmiagGxWvnW0I.html|archive-date=15 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="thehindu">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ISRO-launches-104-satellites-in-one-go-creates-history/article17305373.ece |title=ISRO launches 104 satellites in one go, creates history |access-date=15 February 2017 |work=The Hindu |publication-date=15 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216143220/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ISRO-launches-104-satellites-in-one-go-creates-history/article17305373.ece |archive-date=16 February 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The launcher started placing the satellites into polar Sun-synchronous orbits one after another after a flight of 16 minutes and 48 seconds.<ref name="TOI" /><ref name="isro.gov.in" /> It first ejected the satellite Cartosat-2D at an altitude of approximately {{convert|510|km}}, with 97.46 degrees inclination,<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> followed by the two ISRO [[nanosatellite]]s INS-1A and INS-1B.<ref name="TOI" /><ref name="isro.gov.in" /> It then took 11 minutes for PSLV C-37 to place the remaining 101 "co-passenger" satellites into their intended orbits.<ref name="thehindu" />

Soon after separation from the launch vehicle, the two solar arrays on board the Cartosat-2D satellite were automatically deployed. Afterwards, [[ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network|ISRO's Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network]] at [[Bengaluru]] took control of the satellite. "In the coming days, the satellite will be brought to its final operational configuration following which it will begin to provide [[remote sensing]] services using its panchromatic (black and white) and multispectral (colour) cameras," an ISRO statement read. The mission lasted 29 minutes.<ref name="isro.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://isro.gov.in/update/15-feb-2017/pslv-c37-successfully-launches-104-satellites-single-flight|title=PSLV-C37 Successfully Launches 104 Satellites in a Single Flight|access-date=15 February 2017|publisher=ISRO|date=15 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216142832/http://isro.gov.in/update/15-feb-2017/pslv-c37-successfully-launches-104-satellites-single-flight|archive-date=16 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /><ref name="thehindu" />

Originally, PSLV-C37 was set to launch on 27 January 2017 with 83 satellites. With the addition of twenty more satellites to the payload, the schedule was changed to 15 February 2017.<ref name="FirstPost">{{cite web|url=http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/isros-pslv-c37-launch-scheduled-for-15-february-at-900-am-here-are-the-confirmed-details-361100.html|title=ISRO's PSLV-C37 launch scheduled for 15 February at 9:00 am|date=7 February 2017|access-date=7 February 2017|work=Firstpost|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207034307/http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/isros-pslv-c37-launch-scheduled-for-15-february-at-900-am-here-are-the-confirmed-details-361100.html|archive-date=7 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="thehindu.com">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/PSLV-C-37-scheduled-for-launch-on-January-27/article16895637.ece |title=PSLV-C 37 scheduled for launch on January 27 |access-date=23 February 2017 |work=The Hindu |publication-date=18 December 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222032406/http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/PSLV-C-37-scheduled-for-launch-on-January-27/article16895637.ece |archive-date=22 December 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Mission overview==
* '''Mass''':
** ''Total liftoff weight:'' {{convert|320000|kg|lbs}}
** ''Payload weight:'' {{convert|1378|kg|lbs}}
* '''Overall height''': {{convert|44.4|m|ft|1}}
* '''Propellant''':
** ''Stage 1:'' [[Solid-fuel rocket|Solid]] [[Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene|HTPB based]]
** ''Stage 2:'' [[Liquid fuel rocket|Liquid]] [[UH 25]] + {{N2O4}}
** ''Stage 3:'' [[Solid-fuel rocket|Solid]] [[Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene|HTPB based]]
** ''Stage 4:'' [[Liquid fuel rocket|Liquid]] [[Monomethylhydrazine|MMH]] + [[Mixed oxides of nitrogen|MON-3]]
* '''Altitude''': {{convert|505|km|mi|0}}
* '''Maximum velocity''': {{convert|7609.52|m/s|ft/s|0}} (recorded at time of Cartosat-2D separation)
* '''Inclination''': 97.46°
* '''Period''': 94.72 minutes<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure">{{cite news|title=PSLV-C37 Brochure|publisher=[[Indian Space Research Organisation]] website|access-date=15 February 2017|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c37-cartosat-2-series-satellite/pslv-c37-brochure-0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408124444/http://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c37-cartosat-2-series-satellite/pslv-c37-brochure-0?page=1|archive-date=8 April 2017}}</ref>
* '''Launch azimuth''': 140°<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC/images/Launchers_Brochures/PSLV-C37.pdf |title=PSLV-C37/Cartosat-2 Series Satellite Mission |website=[[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]]}}</ref>

The rocket launched Cartosat-2D and 103 [[nanosatellite]]s: two from India, one each from Kazakhstan, Israel, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Arab Emirates, along with 96 from the United States – 88 [[Planet Labs#Satellite constellation|Dove satellites]] and 8 LEMUR satellites.<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> The three Indian satellites launched were Cartosat-2D, INS-1A, and INS-1B.<ref name="theindianexpress">{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-scales-104-heights-satellites-sets-record-polar-satellite-launch-vehicle-pslv-c37-4526937/ |title=Indian Space Research Organisation scales 104 heights |last1=Sinha |first1=Amitabh |access-date=16 February 2017 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |last2=T A |first2=Johnson |publication-date=16 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215183050/http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-scales-104-heights-satellites-sets-record-polar-satellite-launch-vehicle-pslv-c37-4526937/ |archive-date=15 February 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Arrangements for the launch of the 104 satellites were made between ISRO's commercial arm [[Antrix Corporation Limited]], under the auspices of the [[Government of India|Indian Government's]] [[Department of Space]], and the international customers.<ref name="PSLV-C37 / Cartosat -2 Series Satellite ">{{Cite news |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c37-cartosat-2-series-satellite |title=PSLV-C37 / Cartosat −2 Series Satellite |access-date=16 February 2017 |publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation website |publication-date=15 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216144908/http://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c37-cartosat-2-series-satellite |archive-date=16 February 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The Cartosat-2D weighs {{Convert|714|kg}}, and its design life is five years.<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> The two Indian nanosatellites, designated INS-1A and INS-1B, each carried two payloads from ISRO's [[Space Applications Centre]] and the [[Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems]]. INS-1A carried a Surface Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function Radiometer (SBR) and a Single Event Upset Monitor (SEUM). INS-1B carried an Earth Exosphere Lyman-Alpha Analyzer (EELA) and Origami Camera as payloads.<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> They weigh {{Convert|8.4|kg}} and {{Convert|9.7|kg}} respectively and have been designed with a mission life of six months.<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /><ref name="isro.gov.in" /> An ISRO official said: "The nano satellites are an experimental class of satellites introduced by ISRO because there are requests from academic institutions to use them for data collection. The universities do not have the knowledge to build satellites and tend to take a long time… We want them to focus on the instruments as we can provide the nano satellite bus."<ref name="ISRO nano twins stabilise in space">{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/isro-nano-twins-stabilise-in-space-4561018/ |title=ISRO nano twins stabilise in space |last=TA |first=Johnson |access-date=5 April 2017 |work=The Indian Express |publication-date=9 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408170946/http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/isro-nano-twins-stabilise-in-space-4561018/ |archive-date=8 April 2017}}</ref>

The 103 co-passenger satellites weighed approximately {{Convert|664|kg}}, bringing the total payload mass to {{Convert|1378|kg}}.<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> The total launch mass of the rocket was {{convert|320000|kg}}.<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> Among the 96 satellites belonging to US companies, 88 [[CubeSat]]s were owned by [[Planet Labs]], a private [[Earth observation satellite|Earth imaging]] company based in San Francisco, California.<ref name="TOI" /> Weighing roughly {{Convert|5|kg}} each, the satellites separated from the rocket in different directions to avoid collision.<ref name="newstodaynet">{{Cite news |url=http://archive.newstodaynet.com/nation/isro-sets-record-launches-104-sats-one-go |title=ISRO sets record, launches 104 sats at one go |last=Balasubramani |first=M |access-date=16 February 2017 |work=News Today |publication-date=15 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405170230/http://archive.newstodaynet.com/nation/isro-sets-record-launches-104-sats-one-go |archive-date=5 April 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> With the launch of PSLV-C37, Planet Labs increased its fleet of satellites to 143, which was the largest private satellite fleet in operation at the time.<ref name="TOI" /><ref name="extremetech">{{Cite news |url=https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/244486-india-sets-world-record-104-satellites-single-launch |title=India sets world record with 104 satellites in a single rocket launch |last=Whitwam |first=Ryan |access-date=17 February 2017 |work=ExtremeTech |publication-date=15 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408170154/https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/244486-india-sets-world-record-104-satellites-single-launch |archive-date=8 April 2017}}</ref>

Eight Lemur-2 satellites belonging to [[Spire Global]] are to provide vessel tracking and weather measurement services. These satellites have a short lifetime of about two to three years requiring replacement at regular intervals.<ref name="TOI" /><ref name="business-standard">{{Cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/isro-launches-record-104-satellites-into-orbit-117021500134_1.html |title=ISRO launches record 104 satellites into orbit |last1=Narasimhan |first1=T E |access-date=16 February 2017 |work=Business Standard |last2=Krishnan |first2=Raghu |publication-date=16 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215155015/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/isro-launches-record-104-satellites-into-orbit-117021500134_1.html |archive-date=15 February 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

PSLV-C37 used the [[rocket engine nozzle]] manufactured by [[Vijayawada]], from Andhra Pradesh-based company [[Resins and Allied Productions]] (RAP). This is the 100th nozzle manufactured by RAP to be used in a PSLV.<ref name="100th">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/PSLV-C-37-scheduled-for-launch-on-January-27/article16895637.ece|title=PSLV-C 37 scheduled for launch on January 27|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 December 2016|location=Vijayawada|access-date=7 February 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222032406/http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/PSLV-C-37-scheduled-for-launch-on-January-27/article16895637.ece|archive-date=22 December 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="thehindu.com"/> Several components of PSLV-C37 were manufactured by [[Larsen & Toubro]] at its advanced composite facility in [[Vadodara]], Gujarat. The honeycomb deck panels used for mounting the heat shield and electronic packages on the upper stage of the PSLV, the antenna mount structure, and the {{convert|13|m|yd}} diameter bull gear were all manufactured by L&T.<ref name="profit.ndtv">{{Cite news |url=http://profit.ndtv.com/news/corporates/article-l-t-aerospace-unit-plays-role-in-isro-launch-of-104-satellites-1660334 |title=L&T Aerospace Unit Plays Role In ISRO Launch Of 104 Satellites |access-date=17 February 2017 |work=NDTV |agency=Press Trust of India |publication-date=16 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216195641/http://profit.ndtv.com/news/corporates/article-l-t-aerospace-unit-plays-role-in-isro-launch-of-104-satellites-1660334 |archive-date=16 February 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Cost==
ISRO released a statement stating that it will recover half of the mission's cost from the foreign countries whose satellites it launched.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/isro-to-recover-half-the-cost-of-record-breaking-pslv-c37-launch-from-foreign-customers-361311.html|title=ISRO to recover half the cost of record breaking PSLV-C37 launch from foreign customers|date=8 February 2017|access-date=8 February 2017|newspaper=Firstpost|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208065705/http://tech.firstpost.com/news-analysis/isro-to-recover-half-the-cost-of-record-breaking-pslv-c37-launch-from-foreign-customers-361311.html|archive-date=8 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Record==
With this launch, ISRO created a new world record for the largest number of satellites ever launched on a single rocket, surpassing the previous record of Russia, which in 2014 launched 37 satellites using [[Dnepr (rocket)|Dnepr]] rocket.<ref name="nasaspaceflight">{{Cite news|last=Graham|first=William|title=Russian Dnepr rocket lofts record haul of 37 satellites|work=NASASpaceFlight|publication-date=19 June 2014|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2014/06/russian-dnepr-rocket-record-launch-37-satellites/|url-status=live|access-date=20 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215221643/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2014/06/russian-dnepr-rocket-record-launch-37-satellites/|archive-date=15 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="nytimes">{{Cite news|last=Barry|first=Ellen|title=India Launches 104 Satellites From a Single Rocket, Ramping Up a Space Race|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=15 February 2017 |publication-date=15 February 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/15/world/asia/india-satellites-rocket.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405215039/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/15/world/asia/india-satellites-rocket.html|archive-date=5 April 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="economictimes">{{Cite news|title=ISRO sends 104 satellites in one go, breaks Russia's record|work=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-date=15 February 2017|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/isro-sends-104-satellites-in-one-go-breaks-russias-record/articleshow/57159365.cms|url-status=live|access-date=19 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423231051/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/isro-sends-104-satellites-in-one-go-breaks-russias-record/articleshow/57159365.cms|archive-date=23 April 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> This record set by ISRO stood until 24 January 2021, when [[SpaceX]] launched the Transporter-1 mission on a [[Falcon 9]] rocket carrying 143 satellites into orbit.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wattles|first1=Jackie|title=SpaceX launches 143 satellites on one rocket in record-setting mission|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/24/tech/spacex-rideshare-transporter-mission-scn/index.html|access-date=24 January 2021|website=CNN|date=24 January 2021 }}</ref>

==Usage==
Imagery from the primary satellite, [[Cartosat-2D]], is used for various [[land information system]] and [[geographical information system]] applications in India.<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> Data collected by the two Indian nanosatellites—the INS-1A and INS-1B—will be used by ISRO's Space Applications Centre and the Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems.<ref name="ISRO nano twins stabilise in space" /> The Dove satellites from the US are used to photograph the Earth for commercial, environmental, and humanitarian purposes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Global|first=IndraStra|title=NEWS {{!}} India's ISRO Successfully Launched 104 Satellites in a Single Mission|url=http://www.indrastra.com/2017/02/NEWS-India-s-ISRO-Successfully-Launched-104-Satellites-Single-Rocket-PSLC-C37-003-02-2017-0045.html|journal=IndraStra|issn=2381-3652|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225200144/http://www.indrastra.com/2017/02/NEWS-India-s-ISRO-Successfully-Launched-104-Satellites-Single-Rocket-PSLC-C37-003-02-2017-0045.html|archive-date=25 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Eight LEMUR satellites, weighing {{Convert|4.6|kg}} each, carried two different payloads, namely SENSE for vessel tracking purposes and STRATOS for atmospheric measurements.<ref name="Lemur-2">{{Cite web |url=http://spaceflight101.com/pslv-c37/lemur-2/ |title=Lemur-2 |access-date=13 April 2017 |website=Spaceflight101.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413154031/http://spaceflight101.com/pslv-c37/lemur-2/ |archive-date=13 April 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Al Farabi-1]] satellite built by the students of [[Al-Farabi Kazakh National University]], [[Nayif-1]] satellite built by the [[Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre]], [[Dubai]], and [[PEASSS]] satellite built by an all-European consortium of Partners, are technology demonstrator satellites whereas [[DIDO-2]] built by [[SpacePharma]] from Switzerland is a micro-research satellite.<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> [[BGUSAT]] (Ben Gurion University SATellite)<ref name="iai">{{Cite news |url=http://www.iai.co.il/Shared/UserControls/Print/PopUp.aspx?lang=en&docid=48351 |title=BGUSAT – Israel's first research Nano-Satellite, built by IAI is to be launched tomorrow on the PSLV-C37 launcher from India |access-date=17 April 2017 |work=Israel Aircraft Industries |publication-date=15 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417235903/http://www.iai.co.il/Shared/UserControls/Print/PopUp.aspx?lang=en&docid=48351 |archive-date=17 April 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> built by [[Israel Aerospace Industries]] (IAI) in cooperation with [[Ben Gurion University]]<ref name="PSLV-C37 Brochure" /> is designed as a research satellite. The satellites objectives are to explore atmospheric and weather phenomena in the [[infrared]] wavelength by imaging atmospheric gaseous contents and atmospheric glow.<ref name="ISA">{{cite web |url=http://www.space.gov.il/news-space/128712 |title=Israeli research nanosatellite BGUSAT to be launched this year (in Hebrew) |website=Israeli space Agency |date=January 19, 2017 |access-date=21 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208033542/http://www.space.gov.il/news-space/128712 |archive-date=8 February 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170220010656/http://isro.gov.in/update/15-feb-2017/pslv-c37-lift-and-onboard-camera-video PSLV-C37 Lift off and Onboard Camera Video]

{{PSLV}}

[[Category:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by India in 2017]]
[[Category:Rocket launches in 2017]]