P. Subbarayan - Revision history

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	{{Indian name\|Subbarayan\|Paramasivan }}		{{Indian name\|Subbarayan\|Paramasivan }}
	'''~~Paramasivan~~ Subbarayan''' (11 September 1889 – 6 October 1962) was an Indian politician, [[freedom fighter]] and diplomat and was the [[List of chief ministers of Madras Presidency\|Chief Minister of Madras Presidency]], India's ambassador to Indonesia and Union Minister of Transport and Communications in [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s government. He was the father of [[P. P. Kumaramangalam\|General P. P. Kumaramangalam]] who served as India's Chief of Army staff and politician [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]]. He was also the grandfather of [[Indian National Congress\|INC]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]] politician and Union Minister [[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam]].		'''Paramasiva Subbarayan Gounder'''(11 September 1889 – 6 October 1962) was an Indian politician, [[freedom fighter]] and diplomat and was the [[List of chief ministers of Madras Presidency\|Chief Minister of Madras Presidency]], India's ambassador to Indonesia and Union Minister of Transport and Communications in [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s government. He was the father of [[P. P. Kumaramangalam\|General P. P. Kumaramangalam]] who served as India's Chief of Army staff and politician [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]]. He was also the grandfather of [[Indian National Congress\|INC]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party\|BJP]] politician and Union Minister [[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam]].

	Subbarayan was born on 11 September 1889 in the family estate at Kumaramangalam, [[Salem district]] and had his education at [[Presidency College, Madras]], [[University of Dublin]], the [[University of London]] and [[Christ Church, Oxford]]. In 1922, he was nominated to the [[Madras Legislative Council]]. He served as the Chief Minister of Madras Presidency from 4 December 1926 to 27 October 1930.		Subbarayan was born on 11 September 1889 in the family estate at Kumaramangalam, [[Salem district]] and had his education at [[Presidency College, Madras]], [[University of Dublin]], the [[University of London]] and [[Christ Church, Oxford]]. In 1922, he was nominated to the [[Madras Legislative Council]]. He served as the Chief Minister of Madras Presidency from 4 December 1926 to 27 October 1930.
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	Subbarayan actively participated in the [[Quit India Movement]] and was arrested along with other Congress leaders as [[Sathyamurthy]] and [[M. Bakthavatsalam]].		Subbarayan actively participated in the [[Quit India Movement]] and was arrested along with other Congress leaders as [[Sathyamurthy]] and [[M. Bakthavatsalam]].

	In 1947, he served as a Minister for Home and Police in the [[Ramaswamy Reddiar]] Cabinet in Madras<ref name="dictionaryofnationalbiography" /><ref name="rajyasabha_bio" /> and was a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]<ref name="dictionaryofnationalbiography" /><ref name="indiasconstitution">{{cite book \| title=The Framing of India's Constitution\| last=Rao\| first=B. Shiva\|author2=V. K. N. Menon \|author3=Subhash C. Kashyap \|author4=N. K. N. Iyengar \| year=1966\| pages=302\| publisher=Indian Institute of Public Administration\| location=Bombay}}</ref> He served as a member of the Provincial ~~COnstitution~~ Committee.<ref name="indianconstitution">{{cite book \| title=The Framing of India's Constitution\| last=Rao\| first=B. Shiva\|author2=V. K. N. Menon \|author3=Subhash C. Kashyap \|author4=N. K. N. Iyengar \| year=1960\| pages=453\| publisher=Indian Institute of Public Administration}}</ref>		In 1947, he served as a Minister for Home and Police in the [[Ramaswamy Reddiar]] Cabinet in Madras<ref name="dictionaryofnationalbiography" /><ref name="rajyasabha_bio" /> and was a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]<ref name="dictionaryofnationalbiography" /><ref name="indiasconstitution">{{cite book \| title=The Framing of India's Constitution\| last=Rao\| first=B. Shiva\|author2=V. K. N. Menon \|author3=Subhash C. Kashyap \|author4=N. K. N. Iyengar \| year=1966\| pages=302\| publisher=Indian Institute of Public Administration\| location=Bombay}}</ref> He served as a member of the Provincial Constitution Committee.<ref name="indianconstitution">{{cite book \| title=The Framing of India's Constitution\| last=Rao\| first=B. Shiva\|author2=V. K. N. Menon \|author3=Subhash C. Kashyap \|author4=N. K. N. Iyengar \| year=1960\| pages=453\| publisher=Indian Institute of Public Administration}}</ref>

	==India's Ambassador to Indonesia==		==India's Ambassador to Indonesia==
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	[[Category:1889 births]]		[[Category:1889 births]]
	[[Category:1962 deaths]]		[[Category:1962 deaths]]
			[[Category:Union Ministers from Tamil Nadu]]
	[[Category:Tamil Nadu politicians]]		[[Category:Tamil Nadu politicians]]
	[[Category:Indian cricket administrators]]		[[Category:Indian cricket administrators]]

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{{Use British English|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = Dr.
| name = Paramasivan Subbarayan
| image = P Subbarayan 1989 stamp of India.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Subbarayan on a 1989 stamp of India
| order1 = Governor of Maharashtra
| term_start1 = 17 April 1962
| term_end1 = 6 October 1962
| primeminister1 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| predecessor1 = [[Sri Prakasa]]
| successor1 = [[Vijayalakshmi Pandit]]
| order2 = Union Minister for Transport and Communication
| term_start2 = 1959
| term_end2 = 1962
| primeminister2 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| president2 = [[Rajendra Prasad]]
| order3 = Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) for Tiruchengode
| term_start3 = 1957
| term_end3 = 1962
| primeminister3 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| predecessor3 = S. Kandaswamy Baby
| successor3 = [[K. Anbazhagan]]
| president3 = [[Rajendra Prasad]]
| order4 = India's Ambassador to Indonesia
| term_start4 = 1949
| term_end4 = 1951
| governor-general4 = [[Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]] (till 26 January 1950)
| monarch4 = [[George VI of the United Kingdom]] (till 26 January 1950)
| president4 = [[Rajendra Prasad]] (from 26 January 1950)
| primeminister4 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| predecessor4 = None
| successor4 = Alagappan
| order5 = Minister of Police and Home (Madras Presidency)
| term_start5 = 23 March 1947
| term_end5 = 1948
| governor5 = [[Archibald Edward Nye]]
| premier5 = [[O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar]]
| order6 = Minister of Law and Education (Madras Presidency)
| term_start6 = 14 July 1937
| term_end6 = 29 October 1939
| governor6 = [[John Erskine, Lord Erskine]]
| governor-general6 =
| monarch6 =
| premier6 = [[Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]
| order7 =4th
| office7 = Chief Minister of Madras Presidency
| term_start7 = 4 December 1926
| term_end7 = 27 October 1930
| governor7 = [[George Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen]], 
[[Sir Norman Marjoribanks]] (acting)
| predecessor7 = [[Raja of Panagal]]
| successor7 = [[P. Munuswamy Naidu]]
| order8 = Minister of Local Self-Government (Madras Presidency)
| term_start8 = 4 December 1926
| term_end8 = 27 October 1930
| governor8 = [[George Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen]], 
Sir Norman Majoribanks (acting)
| premier8 = P. Subbarayan
| predecessor8 = [[Raja of Panagal]]
| successor8 = [[P. Munuswamy Naidu]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1889|09|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Salem district]], [[Madras Presidency]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1962|10|6|1889|09|11|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Madras]]
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| alma_mater = [[Presidency College, Madras]], [[Oxford University]], [[Dublin University]]
| profession = lawyer
| occupation = politician
| spouse = [[Radhabai Subbarayan]]
| children = [[General P. P. Kumaramangalam]], Gopal Kumaramangalam, [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]], [[Parvathi Krishnan]]
| signature = Subbarayan sign.jpg
}}

{{Indian name|Subbarayan|Paramasivan }}
'''Paramasivan Subbarayan''' (11 September 1889 – 6 October 1962) was an Indian politician, [[freedom fighter]] and diplomat and was the [[List of chief ministers of Madras Presidency|Chief Minister of Madras Presidency]], India's ambassador to Indonesia and Union Minister of Transport and Communications in [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s government. He was the father of [[P. P. Kumaramangalam|General P. P. Kumaramangalam]] who served as India's Chief of Army staff and politician [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]]. He was also the grandfather of [[Indian National Congress|INC]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] politician and Union Minister [[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam]].

Subbarayan was born on 11 September 1889 in the family estate at Kumaramangalam, [[Salem district]] and had his education at [[Presidency College, Madras]], [[University of Dublin]], the [[University of London]] and [[Christ Church, Oxford]]. In 1922, he was nominated to the [[Madras Legislative Council]]. He served as the Chief Minister of Madras Presidency from 4 December 1926 to 27 October 1930.

In 1933, Subbarayan joined the Indian National Congress and served as the Minister of Law and Education in [[Rajaji]]'s cabinet and the Minister of Police and Home in [[Ramaswamy Reddiar]]'s cabinet. Subbarayan participated and was imprisoned in the [[Quit India Movement]]. He served as independent India's ambassador to Indonesia and as Union Minister from 1959 to 1962. Subbarayan died on 6 October 1962 at the age of 73. He was the [[Governor of Maharashtra]] at the time of his death.

==Early life and education==
Subbarayan was born to Paramasiva Gounder<ref name="unionmin_dir">{{cite book | title=Directory of Union Ministers, 1947–1987| last=Kohli| first=A. B.| year=1988| pages=122| publisher=Reliance Pub. House}}</ref> in the family estate of Kumaramangalam near [[Tiruchengode]], [[Namakkal district]] on 11 September 1889.<ref name="dictionaryofnationalbiography">{{cite book | title=Dictionary of Indian Biography | date=200| pages=438| publisher=Indian Bibliographic Centre| isbn=978-81-85131-15-3}}</ref><ref name="rajyasabha_bio">{{Cite web|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/kiosk/whoswho/prev90s.htm |title=Rajya Sabha Who's Who |accessdate=4 January 2009 |publisher=Rajya Sabha |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818090644/http://rajyasabha.nic.in/kiosk/whoswho/prev90s.htm |archivedate=18 August 2007 }}</ref> He belonged to the family of Zamindars.<ref name="toi_whoiswho">{{cite book | title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book, Including Who's who | year=1965| pages=775| publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co.}}</ref><ref name="tamilnadu_congress">{{cite book | title=The Congress in Tamilnad: Nationalist Politics in South India, 1919–1937| year=1977| pages=236| publisher=Manohar| isbn=978-0-908070-00-8}}</ref> He graduated from the [[Presidency College, Madras]]<ref name="dictionaryofnationalbiography" /><ref name="toi_whoiswho" /> and obtained his M.A.<ref name="socialservicequarterly">{{cite book | title=The Social Service Quarterly | year=1961| pages=32| publisher=Social Service League| location=Bombay}}</ref> and LLD<ref name="modernreview">{{cite book | title=The Modern Review| last=Chatterjee| first=Ramananda| year=1941| pages=280| publisher=Prabasi Press Private, Ltd}}</ref> from the [[Christ Church, Oxford]]<ref name="socialservicequarterly" /><ref name="panikkar">{{cite book | title=Sardar K.M. Panikkar: Shashtyabdapoorthy Souvenir| last=Panikkar| first=Kavalam Madhava| year=1954| pages=92| publisher=Mathrubhumi Press}}</ref> and the [[University of Dublin]] respectively.<ref name="socialservicequarterly" /> He started practising as an advocate of the [[Madras High Court]] in 1918.<ref name="tamilnadu_congress" />

==Politics==
{{Further|Raja of Panagal}}

In 1922, Subbarayan was nominated to the [[Madras Legislative Council]] as an independent candidate representing the landowners of the South-Central division of the [[Madras Presidency]].<ref name="tamilnadu_congress" /> and served as a Council Secretary.<ref name="india_list">{{cite book | title=The India Office and Burma Office List| year=1922| pages=78| publisher=Harrison and Sons,Ltd.}}</ref><ref name="southindiancelebritiesp101">[[#South Indian Celebrities|South Indian Celebrities]], Pg 101</ref> He took the side of [[C. R. Reddy]] and the [[Swarajya Party|Swarajists]] and voted against the [[Raja of Panagal]] during the no-confidence motion of 1923.<ref name="southindiancelebritiesp101" />

==As Chief Minister of Madras Presidency==
In the Assembly elections which took place on 8 November 1926, no party was able to get a clean majority.<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp189">[[#Encyclopedia of Political Parties|Encyclopedia of Political Parties]], Pg 189</ref> The [[Swaraj Party]] won 41 of the 98 seats and emerged as the single largest party while the [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]] won 21.<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp189" /> It was a setback for the Justice Party and its incumbent Chief Minister, the [[Raja of Panagal]]. However, none of the parties could form the Government as they did not have a clean majority.

The Governor invited the Swarajya Party to take the lead in forming a coalition government but the latter refused.<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp189" /> The Justice Party did not have enough seats. Hence, the Governor chose Subbarayan, who was not affiliated to either of these parties, to form the Government and nominated 34 new members to the Madras Legislative Council to support him.<ref name="rajyasabha_bio" /><ref name="kumaramangalam">{{cite news|title=Kumaramangalam family's role in development remembered |url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/10/17/stories/2004101704590400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050119213301/http://www.hindu.com/2004/10/17/stories/2004101704590400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 January 2005|date=17 October 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> An independent ministry was formed with A. Ranganatha Mudaliar and R. N. Arogyaswamy Mudaliar as the second and third ministers. The Justice Party took the place of an opposition.<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp190">[[#Encyclopedia of Political Parties|Encyclopedia of Political Parties]], Pg 190</ref>

<center>
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
! colspan="2"| Subbarayan's Cabinet
|-
! Portfolio
! Minister
|-
| Education, Local Self-Government
| P. Subbarayan '''(Also Chief Minister)''' (1926–1930)
|-
| rowspan="2" |Public health, excise
| [[A. Ranganatha Mudaliar]] (1926–1928)
|-
| [[S. Muthiah Mudaliar]] (1928–1930)
|-
| rowspan="2" |Development
| [[R. N. Arogyasamy Mudaliar]] (1926–1928)
|-
| [[M. R. Sethuratnam Iyer]] (1928–1930)
|-
| colspan="2" align="left"|''Source: Encyclopaedia of Political Parties''
|}
</center>

Because Subbarayan's regime was appointed and largely controlled by the Governor, it became the target of strong criticism both from the Justicites as well as the Swarajists.<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp190" /> In March 1927, [[P. Munuswamy Naidu]] of the Justice Party passed a motion recommending salary cuts for Government ministers. However, they were defeated by a margin of 41 votes.<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp190" /> A no-confidence motion was passed on 23 August 1927, but was defeated 56 to 67 with the support of the Governor and the members nominated by him.<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp191">[[#Encyclopedia of Political Parties|Encyclopedia of Political Parties]], Pg 191</ref>

The Simon Commission was appointed by the British Parliament in 1927 to report on the working of the progress of the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms.<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp191" /> The Swarajya Party moved a resolution to boycott the Commission and this was passed 61 to 50 with 12 remaining neutral.<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp192">[[#Encyclopedia of Political Parties|Encyclopedia of Political Parties]], Pg 192</ref> Subbarayan opposed the resolution but his cabinet ministers Ranganatha Mudaliar and Arogyaswamy Mudaliar supported it.<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp192" /> Subbarayan resigned as Chief Minister, but at the same time, he also compelled his ministers to submit their resignations.<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp192" /> Fearing the possibility of the formation of a Swarajya Party-Justice Party coalition Government, the Governor stepped in to foster discord amongst the opposition. In order to obtain the support of the Raja of Panagal, he appointed Krishnan Nair, a leading member of the Justice Party as his Law Member.<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp192" /> Led by the Raja of Panagal, the Justice Party switched sides and lent its support to the Subbarayan government. Soon afterwards, the Justice Party passed a resolution welcoming the Simon Commission.<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp193">[[#Encyclopedia of Political Parties|Encyclopedia of Political Parties]], Pg 193</ref> The Simon Commission visited Madras on 28 February 1928<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp193" /> and 18 February 1929<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp194">[[#Encyclopedia of Political Parties|Encyclopedia of Political Parties]], Pg 194</ref> and was boycotted by the Swarajya Party and the Indian National Congress. However, the Justicites and the Subbarayan Government accorded the Commission a warm reception.<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp194" />

In the 1930 elections, due to the non-participation of the Indian National Congress and the Swarajya Party, the Justice Party won an overwhelming majority and was voted to power. Subbarayan was succeeded as Chief Minister by Munuswamy Naidu.<ref name="eneyclopediaofpoliticalpartiesp196">[[#Encyclopedia of Political Parties|Encyclopedia of Political Parties]], Pg 196</ref>

===Reforms===
The [[Raja of Panagal]] government had introduced the Communal Government Order (G. O. No. 613) in 1921 which introduced reservations in the Presidency.<ref name="Statesman">{{cite news|last= |first= |title=Tamil Nadu swims against the tide |url=http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=4&id=155652&usrsess=1 |work=The Statesman |accessdate=5 January 2009 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090135/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=4&id=155652&usrsess=1 |archivedate=29 September 2007 }}</ref> However, the provisions of this act were not implemented till 1927. The Subbarayan government, therefore, introduced the Communal G. O. Ms No. 1021 to implement the 1921 order.<ref name="Statesman" /><ref name="reservations_history">{{cite news | last= Murugan | first= N. | title= RESERVATION (Part-2) | date= 9 October 2006 | url= http://indiainteracts.com/columnist/2006/10/09/RESERVATION-Part2/ | work= National | accessdate= 5 January 2009 | url-status=dead | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090108054013/http://indiainteracts.com/columnist/2006/10/09/RESERVATION-Part2/ | archivedate= 8 January 2009 | df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="southindiancelebritiesp107">[[#South Indian Celebrities|South Indian Celebrities]], Pg 107</ref> The act was introduced by S. Muthiah Mudaliar, the Education Minister in Subbarayan's cabinet on 11 April 1927.<ref name="reservations_history" /> This act, it is believed, introduced provisions for reservations for [[Dalits]] and increased representation for Indian Christians and Muslims.<ref name="dalits">{{cite book|title=India's silent revolution: Rise of lower castes in North India|year=2003|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=978-1-85065-670-8|page=175}}</ref> At the same time, it reduced the reservations for Brahmins from 22% to 16% and non-Brahmins from 48% to 42%.<ref name="dalits" /> This act was in effect till India's independence on 15 August 1947.

Subbarayan introduced the Madras District Municipalities Act and Local Boards Act during his tenure.<ref name="southindiancelebritiesp107" /> The [[Annamalai University]], founded by Rajah [[Annamalai Chettiar|Sir Annamalai Chettiar]] was opened by Subbarayan in [[Chettinad]] in 1929.<ref name="annamalai_university">{{Cite web|url=http://annamalaiuniversity.ac.in/aboutus.htm|title=About University|accessdate=5 January 2009|publisher=Annamalai University|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125052844/http://annamalaiuniversity.ac.in/aboutus.htm|archivedate=25 November 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The Annamalai University is the first residential university in Madras Presidency.<ref name="annamalai_university" />

==From 1930 to 1937==
Subbarayan was re-elected as an independent to the Madras Legislative Council in 1930. As a member of the legislature, Subbarayan was instrumental in introducing [[prohibition]] in [[Salem district]] in 1930. Prohibition was enforced in Salem till 1943 when it was scrapped by the British. In 1932, [[C. S. Ranga Iyer]] passed the Untouchability Abolition Bill in the [[Imperial Legislative Council]].<ref name="ambedkar1">{{cite book | title=Dr. Ambedkar: Life and Mission| last=Keer| first=Dhananjay| year=1971| pages=225| publisher=Popular Prakashan| isbn=978-81-7154-237-6}}</ref> On 1 November 1932, Subbarayan proposed the Temple Entry Bill which permitted low-caste Hindus and Dalits enter Hindu temples and made their prohibition illegal and punishable.<ref name="tamilnadu_sc">{{cite book | title=Scheduled Castes, History of Elevation, Tamil Nadu, 1900–1955: History of Elevation, Tamil Nadu, 1900–1955| last=Mohan| first=Pullam Ethiraj| year=1993| pages=132| publisher=New Era Publications}}</ref><ref name="madhyapradesh136">{{cite book | title=Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages| last=Bakshi| first=Sri Ram|author2=Om Prakash Ralhan| year=2008| pages=136| publisher=Sarup & Sons| isbn=978-81-7625-806-7}}</ref><ref name="southindiancelebritiesp108">[[#South Indian Celebrities|South Indian Celebrities]], Pg 108</ref> He also passed a copy of the resolution and the proceedings of the Council to [[Mahatma Gandhi]] who was in jail.<ref name="socialjustice">{{cite book | title=Social Justice in Tamilnadu | last=Thangavelu| first=G.|author2=K. Veeramani| year=1990| pages=8| publisher=Fest[s]chrift Committee for Prof. G. Thangavelu, School of Historical Studies, Madurai Kamarajar University}}</ref> The Viceroy, however, refused permission explaining that temple entry was an all-India problem and should not be dealt with in a provincial basis even while clearing Ranga Iyer's bill.<ref name="ambedkar2">{{cite book | title=Dr. Ambedkar: Life and Mission| last=Keer| first=Dhananjay| year=1971| pages=232| publisher=Popular Prakashan| isbn=978-81-7154-237-6}}</ref> The Temple Entry Bill was not passed until the Indian National Congress came to power in 1937.<ref name="tamilnadu_sc" /> Subbarayan had been a follower of Mahatma Gandhi from his early days<ref name="madhyapradesh136" /> and he officially joined the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1933<ref name="madhyapradesh136" /> He also served as the President of the Tamil Nadu [[Harijan Sevak Sangh]].<ref name="madhyapradesh136" />

==In the state cabinet and the Quit India Movement==
Subbarayan was an admirer of [[Indian National Congress]] leader [[Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]] (Rajaji) right from his early days.<ref name="madhyapradesh136" /> Rajaji had been his personal lawyer in property cases. In 1937, when the Indian National Congress swept to power in the Madras Presidency and Rajaji took over as the Chief Minister of the Presidency, he appointed Subbarayan the Minister of Law and Education.<ref name="dictionaryofnationalbiography" /><ref name="rajyasabha_bio" /><ref name="kamaraj">{{cite book | title=K. Kamaraj| last=Parthasarathi| first=R.| year=1982| pages=22| publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India}}</ref><ref name="rajaji">{{cite book | title=Unfolding Rajaji | last=Kesavan| first=C. R.| year=2003| pages=33| publisher=East West Books| location=Madras}}</ref><ref name="bigchange">{{cite book | title=The big change| last=Ramanujam| first=K. S.| year=1967| pages=218| publisher=Higginbotham's}}</ref><ref name="vvgiri">{{cite book | title=V.V. Giri: The Labour Leader| last=Bakshi| first=Sri Ram| year=1992| pages=259| isbn=978-81-7041-493-3}}</ref> Subbarayan resigned along with other members of the Rajaji cabinet when [[Second World War|war]] was declared in 1939.<ref name="rajyasabha_bio" /> Subbarayan also served as the President of the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] from 1937–38 to 1945–46.<ref name="bccipresidents">{{Cite web|url=http://bcci.cricket.deepthi.com/bcci-presidents.html|title=Presidents of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI)|accessdate=11 December 2008}}</ref>

Subbarayan actively participated in the [[Quit India Movement]] and was arrested along with other Congress leaders as [[Sathyamurthy]] and [[M. Bakthavatsalam]].

In 1947, he served as a Minister for Home and Police in the [[Ramaswamy Reddiar]] Cabinet in Madras<ref name="dictionaryofnationalbiography" /><ref name="rajyasabha_bio" /> and was a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]<ref name="dictionaryofnationalbiography" /><ref name="indiasconstitution">{{cite book | title=The Framing of India's Constitution| last=Rao| first=B. Shiva|author2=V. K. N. Menon |author3=Subhash C. Kashyap |author4=N. K. N. Iyengar | year=1966| pages=302| publisher=Indian Institute of Public Administration| location=Bombay}}</ref> He served as a member of the Provincial COnstitution Committee.<ref name="indianconstitution">{{cite book | title=The Framing of India's Constitution| last=Rao| first=B. Shiva|author2=V. K. N. Menon |author3=Subhash C. Kashyap |author4=N. K. N. Iyengar | year=1960| pages=453| publisher=Indian Institute of Public Administration}}</ref>

==India's Ambassador to Indonesia==
From 1949 to 1951, Subbarayan served as independent India's first ambassador to Indonesia.<ref name="rajyasabha_bio" /><ref name="ambassadortoindonesia">{{Cite web|url=http://www.embassyofindiajakarta.org/content.php?sid=55|title=Previous Indian Ambassador's to Indonesia|accessdate=11 December 2008|publisher=Embassy of India, Jakarta}}</ref> He was instrumental in the signing of a mutual treaty of friendship with the Indonesian Foreign Minister Mohammed Roem on 3 March 1951.<ref name="mea_treaty">{{Cite web|url=http://meaindia.nic.in/treatiesagreement/1951/chap50.htm |title=TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP BETWEEN INDIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA |accessdate=18 December 2008 |publisher=India's Ministry of External Affairs |year=1951 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410233536/http://meaindia.nic.in/treatiesagreement/1951/chap50.htm |archivedate=10 April 2009 }}</ref><ref name="india_indonesia_friendship">{{Cite web|url=http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/4/37/00007824.pdf|title=India and Indonesia: Treaty of Friendship|accessdate=18 December 2008|publisher=United Nations|work=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> Subbarayan's tenure came to an end in 1951 and he was succeeded by Alagappan.<ref name="ambassadortoindonesia" />

On his return to India, Subbarayan was elected President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee (TNCC).<ref name="nalandayearbook">{{cite book | title=Nalanda Year-book & Who's who in India: An Indian and International Annual of Current Statistics, Events and Personalities| year=1951| pages=738}}</ref>

==Member of Indian Parliament==
Subbarayan also served as a member of [[Rajya Sabha]] from 1954 to 1957.<ref name="rajyasabha_bio" /> In 1957, Subbarayan was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Tiruchengode]] and served as a member till 1962.<ref name="1957electionresults">{{Cite web|url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf|title=Statistical Reports of the general elections 1957 to the First LokSabha|accessdate=4 January 2009|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref name="543faces">{{cite book | title=543 Faces of India: Guide to 543 Parliamentary Constituencies| last=Singh| first=H. D.| year=1996| pages=248| publisher=Newmen Publishers}}</ref> He was elected again in 1962<ref name="1962electionresults">{{Cite web|url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf|title=Statistical Reports of the general elections 1962 to the First LokSabha|accessdate=4 January 2009|publisher=Election Commission of India|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050529120458/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf|archivedate=29 May 2005|df=dmy-all}}</ref> but was instead made Governor of Maharashtra.<ref name="543faces" />

Subbarayan was a member of the First Official Language Commission constituted by Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] on 7 June 1955, under the chairmanship of [[B. G. Kher]]. The commission delivered its report on 31 July 1956. It recommended a number of steps to eventually replace English with [[Hindi]] as the sole official language of India. Subbarayan and another member – [[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]] from [[West Bengal]] – did not agree with its findings and added dissenting notes to the report.<ref name="simpson">{{cite book | first=Andrew| last=Simpson | year=2007| title=Language and national identity in Asia |edition= | publisher=Oxford University Press| location= | isbn=978-0-19-926748-4| pages=71| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3XvBbdWCKYC}}</ref><ref name="kumar">{{cite book | first=Virendra| last=Kumar| year=1993| title= Committees and commissions in India |edition= | publisher=Concept Publishing Company| location= | isbn= 978-81-7596-312-2| pages=53–66| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AXa6g_lJOWAC&pg=PA53}}</ref> Later when the Indian President [[Rajendra Prasad]] sought his opinion on making Hindi as the sole official language, Subbarayan advised against it.<ref name="rajendraprasad">{{cite book | title=Dr. Rajendra Prasad: Correspondence and Select Documents : Presidency Period| last=Prasad| first=Rajendra|author2=Valmiki Choudhary| year=1992| pages=125| publisher=Allied Publishers| isbn=978-81-7023-343-5}}</ref><ref name="ethnicidentities">{{cite book | title=Ethnic Identities and Federalism| last=Amarjit| first=S. Narang| year=1995| pages=154| publisher=Indian Institute of Advanced Study}}</ref>

==In the Union cabinet==
Subbarayan served as the Minister of Transport and Communications in the Government of India union cabinet from 1959<ref name="subbarayan_unionminister1">{{cite book|title=Eminent Indians who was Who, 1900–1980, Also Annual Diary of Events|pages=329|publisher=Durga Das Pvt. Ltd|year=1985}}</ref> to 1962.<ref name="subbarayan_unionminister2">{{cite book|title=The Europa Year Book|publisher=Europa Publications Limited|year=1961|pages=573}}</ref><ref name="subbarayan_unionminister3">{{cite book|title=The Commonwealth Relations Office List|pages=175|last=Great Britain Office of Commonwealth Relations|publisher=H. M. Stationer Office|year=1960}}</ref><ref name="cp">{{cite book | title=C.P.| year=1959| pages=33}}</ref>

==Other interests==
Subbarayan took a keen interest in sports during his lifetime. He wrote numerous articles on [[cricket]]<ref name="indianreview">{{cite book | title=The Indian Review| last=Natesan| first=G. A. | year=1939| author-link=G. A. Natesan | pages=276| publisher=G.A. Natesan & Co}}</ref> and was the Founder-President of the Indian Cricket Federation, the first association in the Madras Presidency to represent Indian cricketing interests. He also served as the President of the Board of Control for Cricket in India during the Second World War.<ref name="bccipresidents" /> With Sir John Beaumont and [[Sikandar Hayat Khan (Punjabi politician)|Sikandar Hayat Khan]], he formed the commission that investigated the return of [[Lala Amarnath]] from the India's [[Indian cricket team in England in 1936|tour of England in 1936]]. He also served as the President of the Madras Olympic Association and the Madras Hockey Association.<ref name="madhyapradesh137">{{cite book | title=Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages| last=Bakshi| first=Sri Ram|author2=Om Prakash Ralhan| year=2008| pages=137| publisher=Sarup & Sons| isbn=978-81-7625-806-7}}</ref>

==Death==
Subbarayan died at the age of 73 on 6 October 1962.<ref name="socialscience">{{cite book | title=The Social Service Quarterly| year=1961| pages=32| publisher=Social Service League| location=Bombay}}</ref>

==Family and legacy==
Subbarayan married Kailash Radhabai Kulmud,<ref name="rajyasabha_bio" /> a [[Mangalorean]] [[Brahmo]] of Brahmin parentage,<ref name="southindiancelebritiesp101" /><ref name="salemencyclopedia">{{cite book | title=Salem Cyclopedia: A Cultural and Historical Dictionary of Salem District, Tamil Nadu| last=Rajannan| first=Busnagi| year=1992| pages=140| publisher=Institute of Kongu Studies}}</ref> who was his colleague in [[Presidency College, Madras]], by Brahmo rites despite opposition from family members. [[Radhabai Subbarayan]] was an active campaigner for women's rights and served as a member of the Indian parliament.

Subbarayan's eldest son [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]] was a minister in Indira Gandhi's cabinet.<ref name="kumaramangalam" /> His second son, General [[P. P. Kumaramangalam]] was a [[Second World War]] veteran and served as India's Chief of Army staff. A third son Gopal Kumaramangalam headed important public sector undertakings. Mohan's son and Subbarayan's grandson [[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam]] was a minister in Indian National Congress and NDA governments.<ref name="kumaramangalam" /> Subbarayan's daughter [[Parvathi Krishnan]] was a politician belonging to the [[Communist Party of India]]. She was a Member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] from 1954 to 1957 and represented [[Coimbatore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Coimbatore]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] three times.<ref name="parvathi_rajyasabha">{{Cite web|url=http://rajyasabha.gov.in/whoswho/previous_member/biograp_sketc_1e.htm |title=Biographical sketch of Rajya Sabha members |accessdate=4 January 2009 |publisher=Rajya Sabha |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708223434/http://rajyasabha.gov.in/whoswho/previous_member/biograp_sketc_1e.htm |archivedate=8 July 2015 }}</ref>

A portrait of Subbarayan was unveiled in the central hall of the Indian Parliament on 16 October 1989.<ref name="madhyapradesh136" /><ref name="parliamentaryinfo">{{cite book | title=The Journal of Parliamentary Information| year=1989| pages=481| publisher= India Parliament. Lok Sabha}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of political families|Political Families of The World]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
* {{cite book | title=Encyclopaedia of Political Parties| last=Ralhan| first=O. P. | year=2002| pages=| publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD| isbn=978-81-7488-865-5|ref=Encyclopedia of Political Parties}}
* {{cite book | title=South Indian Celebrities Vol 1| last=Balasubramaniam| first=K. M.| year=1934| pages=90–109| publisher=Solden & Co.| location=Madras|ref=South Indian Celebrities}}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box | before= | title=Member of the [[Madras Legislative Council]] | after= | years=1922 – 1939 1947 – 1948}}
{{succession box | before= [[Raja of Panagal]] | title=[[List of chief ministers of Madras Presidency#Madras Presidency|Chief Minister of Madras Presidency]] | after= [[P. Munuswamy Naidu]] | years=4 December 1926 – 27 October 1930}}
{{succession box | before= | title=Minister of Law and Education (Madras Presidency)| after= Governor's rule | years=1937–1939}}
{{succession box | before=Jamsahib Digvijaysinh of Nawanagar | title=President of the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] | after= [[Anthony de Mello (cricket administrator)|Anthony De Mello]] | years=1937/38 – 1945/46}}
{{succession box | before= [[T. Prakasam]] | title=Minister of Home and Police (Madras Presidency)| after= [[Omandur Ramaswamy Reddiar]]| years=24 March 1947 – 5 April 1948}}
{{succession box | before= None | title=India's Ambassador to Indonesia | after= Alagappan | years= 1949–1951}}
{{succession box | before= | title=Member of Indian Parliament (Rajya Sabha) | after= | years=1954–1957}}
{{succession box | before= S. K. Baby | title=Member of Indian Parliament (Lok Sabha) for [[Tiruchengode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruchengode]] | after= [[K. Anbazhagan]] | years= 1957–1962}}
{{s-end}}

{{Presidents of BCCI}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Subbarayan, P.}}
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu politicians]]
[[Category:Indian cricket administrators]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Governors of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Brahmos]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College Dublin]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of London]]
[[Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford]]
[[Category:Presidency College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu ministers]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Indonesia]]
[[Category:People from Salem district]]
[[Category:Madras Presidency]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2nd Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:3rd Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Kumaramangalam family]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Board of Control for Cricket in India]]
[[Category:People from Namakkal district]]