P. S. Sivaswami Iyer - Revision history

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	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| honorific-prefix = Sir		\| honorific-prefix = Sir
	\| name = Pazhamaneri Sundaram Sivaswami Iyer		\| name = Pazhamaneri Sundaram Sivaswami Iyer
	\| honorific-suffix = [[Order of the Star of India\|KCSI]] [[Order of the Indian Empire\|CIE]]		\| honorific-suffix = [[Order of the Star of India\|KCSI]] [[Order of the Indian Empire\|CIE]]
	\| image = Sivaswami_Aiyar.jpg		\| image = Sivaswami_Aiyar.jpg
	\| smallimage =		\| smallimage =
	\| caption = ''Portrait of Sir P. S. Sivaswami Iyer''		\| caption = ''Portrait of Sir P. S. Sivaswami Iyer''
	\| order1 = Member of the Council of State (India)		\| order1 = Member of the Council of State (India)
	\| term_start1 = 1922		\| term_start1 = 1922
	\| term_end1 =1923		\| term_end1 = 1923
	\| governor-general1 = [[Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading]]		\| governor-general1 = [[Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading]]
	\| order2 = Member of Executive Council of the Governor of Madras Presidency		\| order2 = Vice Chancellor of the [[Banaras Hindu University]]
	\| ~~term_start2~~ = 1911		\| term_start2 = 1918
	\| ~~term_end2~~ =1917		\| term_end2 = 1919
	\| ~~governor2~~ = Sir Murray Hammick (acting),<br /> [[John Sinclair, 1st Baron Pentland]]		\| predecessor2 = [[Sir Sunder Lal\|Rai Bahadur Sir Sunder Lal]]
	\| ~~order3~~ = Advocate-General of Madras Presidency		\| successor2 = [[Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya]]
	\| ~~term_start3~~ = 1907		\| order3 = Member of Executive Council of the Governor of Madras Presidency
	\| ~~term_end3~~ =1912		\| term_start3 = 1911
	\| ~~predecessor3~~ =		\| term_end3 = 1917
	\| ~~successor3~~ = [[S. Srinivasa Iyengar]]		\| governor3 = Sir Murray Hammick (acting),<br /> [[John Sinclair, 1st Baron Pentland]]
	\| birth_date = {{birth date\|df=yes\|1864\|02\|07}} \|		\| order4 = Advocate-General of Madras Presidency
	birth_place = [[Tanjore]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[India]] \|		\| term_start4 = 1907
	spouse = \|		\| term_end4 = 1912
	\|		\| predecessor4 =
	death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|1946\|11\|05\|1864\|02\|07}}\|		\| successor4 = [[S. Srinivasa Iyengar]]
	death_place = [[Mylapore]], [[Madras]] \|		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|df=yes\|1864\|02\|07}}
	occupation = [[lawyer]],administrator		\| birth_place = [[Tanjore]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[India]]
			\| spouse = \|
			\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|1946\|11\|05\|1864\|02\|07}}
			\| death_place = [[Mylapore]], [[Madras]]
			\| occupation = [[lawyer]],administrator
	}}		}}

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	After successfully practicing law for nearly twenty years, Sivaswami Iyer entered politics. being appointed to the Governor's of Madras' Legislative Council as an additional member in charge of making rules and regulations in 1904.<ref name="indiaofficelistp75">[[#IndiaC Office List\|India Office List]], 1903</ref> After this he was appointed<ref name="madraslegislativecouncil">{{cite book \| title=Madras Legislative Council: Its Constitution and Working Between 1861 and 1909: Being a Report, Submitted to the Madras University, as a Fellow in the Politics Department Between October 1952 and October 1953 \|last=Markandan\| first=K. C. \| pages=53\| year=1964\| publisher=S. Chand}}</ref> [[Advocate-General]] of Madras Presidency.<ref name="pantp382">{{cite book\|title=Selected works of Govind Ballabh Pant, Volume 4\|pages=382\|author=Govind Ballabha Pant\|author2=Balaram Nanda \|publisher=Oxford University Press\|year=1995\|ISBN=978-0-19-563674-1}}</ref>		After successfully practicing law for nearly twenty years, Sivaswami Iyer entered politics. being appointed to the Governor's of Madras' Legislative Council as an additional member in charge of making rules and regulations in 1904.<ref name="indiaofficelistp75">[[#IndiaC Office List\|India Office List]], 1903</ref> After this he was appointed<ref name="madraslegislativecouncil">{{cite book \| title=Madras Legislative Council: Its Constitution and Working Between 1861 and 1909: Being a Report, Submitted to the Madras University, as a Fellow in the Politics Department Between October 1952 and October 1953 \|last=Markandan\| first=K. C. \| pages=53\| year=1964\| publisher=S. Chand}}</ref> [[Advocate-General]] of Madras Presidency.<ref name="pantp382">{{cite book\|title=Selected works of Govind Ballabh Pant, Volume 4\|pages=382\|author=Govind Ballabha Pant\|author2=Balaram Nanda \|publisher=Oxford University Press\|year=1995\|ISBN=978-0-19-563674-1}}</ref>

	Sivaswami Iyer was elected to the [[senate]] of the [[Madras University]] in 1898 and served as Vice Chancellor of the Madras University from 1916 to 1918. From 13 April 1918 to 8 May 1919, he served as the Vice Chancellor of [[Banaras Hindu University]].<ref name="pantp382" />		Sivaswami Iyer was elected to the [[senate]] of the [[Madras University]] in 1898 and served as Vice-Chancellor of the Madras University from 1916 to 1918. From 13 April 1918 to 8 May 1919, he served as the Vice Chancellor of [[Banaras Hindu University]].<ref name="pantp382" />

	== Politics ==		== Politics ==

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{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = Sir
| name = Pazhamaneri Sundaram Sivaswami Iyer
| honorific-suffix = [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]] [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]]
| image = Sivaswami_Aiyar.jpg
| smallimage =
| caption = ''Portrait of Sir P. S. Sivaswami Iyer''
| order1 = Member of the Council of State (India)
| term_start1 = 1922
| term_end1 =1923
| governor-general1 = [[Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading]]
| order2 = Member of Executive Council of the Governor of Madras Presidency
| term_start2 = 1911
| term_end2 =1917
| governor2 = Sir Murray Hammick (acting),<br /> [[John Sinclair, 1st Baron Pentland]]
| order3 = Advocate-General of Madras Presidency
| term_start3 = 1907
| term_end3 =1912
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 = [[S. Srinivasa Iyengar]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1864|02|07}} |
birth_place = [[Tanjore]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[India]] |
spouse = |
|
death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1946|11|05|1864|02|07}}|
death_place = [[Mylapore]], [[Madras]] |
occupation = [[lawyer]],administrator
}}

'''Sir Pazhamaneri Sundaram Sivaswami Iyer''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCSI|CIE}} (7 February 1864 – 5 November 1946)<ref>{{cite news|title=Of princes and co-eds|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/19/stories/2004071900140300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040917062134/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/19/stories/2004071900140300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 September 2004|date=19 July 2004|author=S. Muthiah|work=[[The Hindu]]|author-link=S. Muthiah}}</ref> was a prominent [[lawyer]], administrator and [[politician|statesman]] who served as the Advocate General of Madras from 1907 to 1911.

Sivaswami Iyer was born on 7 February 1864 in the village of Palamaneri. He had his schooling in Palamaneri and graduated from Presidency College, Madras. Sivaswami Iyer studied law and practised as a lawyer serving as the Advocate-general of Madras Presidency from 1907 to 1911. He also served as a member of the executive council of the Governor of Madras and as a member of the Council of State. Sivawami Iyer died on 5 November 1946 at the age of 82.

Sivaswami Iyer was also active in the Indian independence movement and presented India's case before the League of Nations. He was a keen connoisseur of arts and library science.

== Early life ==
[[File:Pss-p-s-sivaswami-ayyar.jpg|thumb|left]]
Sivaswami Iyer was born to Sundaram Iyer and Subbalakshmi in the village of [[Palamaneri]] on 7 February 1864.<ref name="greatliberalpxv">[[#Sastri|Sastri]], Page xv</ref> He belonged to the Palamaneri [[Brahacharanam]] who traced their descent from [[Krishnan Raman Brahmarayar]], the commander-in-chief of the [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] army under [[Rajendra Chola]].

Sivaswami had his schooling at the S. P. G. Branch School and the [[Manambuchavadi]] High School from where he matriculated with a first class in 1877. Sivaswami did his F. A. at the [[Government Arts College, Kumbakonam]] and graduated from [[Presidency College, Chennai|Presidency College, Madras]] in January 1882, with a first class in [[Sanskrit]] and [[History]].<ref name="cyclopediap234">{{cite book|title=The Cyclopedia of India: biographical, historical, administrative, commercial, Volume 3|author=Cyclopedia Publishing Co.|place=Calcutta|publisher=Book Traders|year=1992|pages=234}}</ref> He studied law from [[Madras Law College]] and set up practice as a lawyer in 1885.

== Law, Government Service, and Education ==

After successfully practicing law for nearly twenty years, Sivaswami Iyer entered politics. being appointed to the Governor's of Madras' Legislative Council as an additional member in charge of making rules and regulations in 1904.<ref name="indiaofficelistp75">[[#IndiaC Office List|India Office List]], 1903</ref> After this he was appointed<ref name="madraslegislativecouncil">{{cite book | title=Madras Legislative Council: Its Constitution and Working Between 1861 and 1909: Being a Report, Submitted to the Madras University, as a Fellow in the Politics Department Between October 1952 and October 1953 |last=Markandan| first=K. C. | pages=53| year=1964| publisher=S. Chand}}</ref> [[Advocate-General]] of Madras Presidency.<ref name="pantp382">{{cite book|title=Selected works of Govind Ballabh Pant, Volume 4|pages=382|author=Govind Ballabha Pant|author2=Balaram Nanda |publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|ISBN=978-0-19-563674-1}}</ref>

Sivaswami Iyer was elected to the [[senate]] of the [[Madras University]] in 1898 and served as Vice Chancellor of the Madras University from 1916 to 1918. From 13 April 1918 to 8 May 1919, he served as the Vice Chancellor of [[Banaras Hindu University]].<ref name="pantp382" />

== Politics ==

Sivaswami Iyer entered politics in 1912 when he was appointed member of the Executive Council of the Governor of Madras as per the [[Indian Councils Act 1909#Morley-Minto Reforms|Minto Morley scheme]] and served from 1912 to 1917.<ref name="congressmenp311">{{cite book | title=Congress and Congressmen in the Pre-Gandhian Era 1885-1917 | url=https://archive.org/details/congresscongress1885maju | url-access=registration | last=Majumdar| first=Bimanbehari | pages=[https://archive.org/details/congresscongress1885maju/page/311 311]| year=1967}}</ref> During the [[First World War]], he was instrumental in raising support for the Indian Volunteer Movement in order to provide support to the [[United Kingdom]]. His moderate views and weak opposition to Government policies including the widely condemned internment of [[Annie Besant]] during his tenure as member of the executive council earned him the displeasure of Indian nationalists. However, in 1919, Sivaswami Iyer expressed strong condemnation of the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]].

Sivaswami Iyer was the Indian delegate to the third session of the League of Nations in 1922 in which, he condemned the mandate policy of [[General Smuts]] of the [[Republic of South Africa]]. Sivaswami Iyer served as a member of the Council of State from 1922 to 1923. He also opposed the [[Simon Commission]] on its arrival in India.

Sivaswami Iyer served as a member of the [[Imperial Legislative Assembly]], in which he spoke often on military matters.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fate of old books|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/05/stories/2004070500110300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041106184227/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/05/stories/2004070500110300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 November 2004|author=S. Muthiah|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 July 2004}}</ref>

== Later life and death ==

In 1931, he was appointed member of the new Indian Military College Committee. During his later years, he expressed strong disapproval of any attempt to partition the subcontinent.

Sivaswami Iyer died in his Madras home on 5 November 1946 at the age of 82. On his death, the Lady Sivaswami Iyer girls school was named after him in his memory.

== Legacy and criticism ==

Sivaswami Iyer was an avid reader and a connoisseur of arts.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20041106184227/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/05/stories/2004070500110300.htm Fate of old books,''The Hindu'',5 July 2004]</ref> He was a strong advocate of women's education and supported sweeping reforms to this regard. He took a special interest in military matters and served as a member of the Indian Military College Committee set up to establish an indigenous military academy on the model of Sandhurst.

Sivaswami Iyer was known for his mastery over Sanskrit and his love for the language. He is also known for his vehement attacks on Tamil extremists whom he once mocked as the "rabble in the towns".<ref name="localityp207">{{cite book|title=Locality, Province and Nation: Essays on Indian Politics 1870 to 1940|pages=[https://archive.org/details/localityprovince0000unse/page/207 207]|first=John|last=Gallagher|author2=Gordon Johnson|author3=Anil Seal|publisher=CUP Archive|year=1973|ISBN=978-0-521-09811-3|url=https://archive.org/details/localityprovince0000unse/page/207}}</ref>

== Family ==

Sivaswami Iyer's father Pazhamaneri Sundaram Iyer was a matriculate of the S. P. G. Mission High School in Tanjore. He served as a school teacher in the Mission School at [[Pattukkottai]] before enrolling as a pleader in the Tanjore Bar. Sundaram's wife Subbalakshmi hailed from the neighbouring village of Marur. Sivaswami had two younger brothers - Chandrasekaran, Sitharaman and Subrahmanyan and two sisters - Dharmambal and Sundari.

== Honours ==

Sivaswami Iyer was made a [[Order of the Indian Empire|Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]] in the [[1908 New Year Honours]] and a [[Order of the Star of India|Companion of the Order of the Star of India]] in 1912.<ref name="whoswhop157">{{cite book|title=The Who's who in Madras|publisher=Pearl Press|year=1936}}</ref> He was promoted to a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India in 1915.<ref name="whoswhop157" />

== Works ==

* {{cite book|title=Martial law administration in the Panjab. As described by the official witnesses|year=1919|author=P. S. Sivaswami Iyer}}
* {{cite book|title=[[Five laws of library science]]|author=S. R. Ranganathan |author2=P. S. Sivaswami Iyer |author3=W. C. Berwick Sayers |author3-link=W. C. Berwick Sayers |author-link=S. R. Ranganathan|year=1931}}
* {{cite book|title=The Simon Commission Report Examined|author=P. S. Sivaswami Iyer|year=1930|publisher=Huxley Press}}
* {{cite book|title=Lord Hastings and the Indian States: being a study of the relations of the British government in India with the Indian States 1813-1823|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.33626|author=Mohan Singh Mehta |author2=P. S. Sivaswami Iyer |year=1930}}
* {{cite book|title=Evolution of Hindu Moral Ideals|author=P. S. Sivaswami Iyer|publisher=Calcutta University|year=1935}}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== References ==

* {{cite book | title=The India List and India Office List| last=Great Britain India Office| year=1905| publisher=Harrison and Sons| location=London|ref=India Office List}}

== Biographies ==

* {{cite book|title=P. S. Sivaswami Aiyer, Builders of modern India|author=K. Chandrasekharan|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India|year=1969}}
* {{cite book|title=A great liberal: speeches and writings of Sir P. S. Sivaswami Aiyar|author=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri|author-link=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri|year=1965|publisher=Allied Publishers}}
* {{cite book|title=P. S. Sivaswami Aiyar: Volume 67 of Indian freedom fighters : struggle for independence|author=S. R. Bakshi|publisher=Anmol Publications|ISBN=978-81-7488-260-8|year=1996}}
* {{cite book|title=Some Madras Leaders|pages=52–56|publisher=Bishamber Nath Bhargava|year=1922}}

==External links==
* [http://rrtd.nic.in/pvsivaswami.html A short biography of Sir P.S.Sivaswami Iyer]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sivaswami, P S Iyer}}
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1946 deaths]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Presidency College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Indian knights]]
[[Category:Members of Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:People from Thanjavur district]]
[[Category:Vice Chancellors of Banaras Hindu University]]
[[Category:Advocates General for Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Vice Chancellors of the University of Madras]]
[[Category:Members of the Madras Legislative Council]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Scholars from Tamil Nadu]]