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{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter & legislator (1898–1964)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = Sardar
| birth_date = {{birth date|1898|9|9|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1964|9|9|1898|9|9|df=yes}}
| office = Member of [[Constituent Assembly of India|Provisional Parliament of India]]
| term_start = 1950
| term_end = 1952
| office2 = Deputy [[Mayor of Madras]]
| term_start2 = 1939
| term_end2 = 1940
| office3 = Member of [[Madras Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 1937
| term_end3 = 1939
| constituency3 = North Madras
| office4 = Municipal Councillor
| term_start4 = 1936
| term_end4 = 1946
| constituency4 = Korukkupet
| birth_place = [[Korukkupet]], [[Madras|Madras (now Chennai)]]
| leader2 = [[S. Satyamurti]]
}}

'''Sardar P. M. Audikesavalu Naicker''' (9 September 1898 – 9 September 1964) was an Indian freedom fighter, and legislator active in the Madras Presidency during the Indian independence movement.

== Early life ==
P. M. Audikesavalu Naicker was born on 9 September 1898 in [[Korukkupet]], [[Madras|Madras (now Chennai)]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sardar P.M. Audikesavalu Naicker |url=https://chakrafoundation.org/sardar-p-m-audikesavalu-naicker/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=ChakraFoundation.Org |language=en-US}}</ref> His grandfather, Krishnaswamy Naicker, was a shell lime merchant who had migrated from [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] to Madras due to unrest under [[French colonial rule]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Sardar P.M. Audikesavalu Naicker |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?8647 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav}}</ref> The family established itself in Korukkupet, where Audikesavalu grew up as the third of five sons.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=SARDAR P. M. AUDIKESAVALU NAICKER |url=https://vanniyarkootamaippu.com/sardar-p-m-audikesavalu-naicker/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=Vanniyar |language=en-US}}</ref> Naicker received his early education locally and later attended [[Madras Christian College]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wyUNAQAAIAAJ |title=Parliament of India Who's who |date=1950 |publisher=Manager of Publications, Government of India Press |pages=75–76 |language=en}}</ref>

== Labour movement ==
Naicker's involvement in the labour movement began in 1916<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Partha Sarathi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnoMAQAAMAAJ |title=Towards Freedom: Documents on the Movement for Independence in India, 1943-1944 |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-563868-4 |pages=3502 |language=en}}</ref> when he founded and became the president of the [[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway|Madras & Southern Mahratta Railway]] Young Men's Trade Union.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B0LVAAAAMAAJ |title=The Who's who in Madras: ... A Pictorial Who's who of Distinguished Personages, Princes, Zemindars and Noblemen in the Madras Presidency |date=1940 |publisher=Pearl Press |pages=18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=W. M. |first=Jai Prasad |date= |title=P.M. AUDIKESAVALU NAICKER'S ROLE IN THE TAMIL NADU LABOUR MOVEMENT |url=https://www.tamildigitallibrary.in/admin/assets/book/TVA_BOK_0013663_Proceedings_of_the_Tamil_Nadu_History_congress.pdf |journal=Tamil Nadu History Congress Proceedings |pages=}}</ref> He also organized and led several other unions, including the Massey & Company Employees’ Union and the Madras Kerosene Oil Workers’ Union.<ref name=":4" /> In 1917, he led a strike by the North Madras Workers’ Union, which is considered one of the earliest recorded strikes in Madras.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=2016-01-17 |title=Madras Miscellany: Discussing the Tamil diaspora |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/Discussing-the-Tamil-diaspora/article14003214.ece |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Naicker was also involved with major trade unions such as the Madras Labour Union (established in 1918),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kolappan |first=B. |date=2024-08-19 |title=Madras Labour Union's fiercest battle |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/madras-labour-unions-fiercest-battle/article68541725.ece |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> considered one of the earliest trade unions in India, and other unions in industries such as tramways, public works, and manufacturing.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />

== Role in the Indian independence movement ==
From 1920 to 1925, he served as Secretary of the Madras District Congress Committee, working to expand the Congress Party's influence in the Madras and Chingleput districts.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />

He participated in the 1928 protests against the [[Simon Commission]] and was injured during a police crackdown.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2016-06-04 |title=Madras Miscellany: Detailing two pathbreakers |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/Detailing-two-pathbreakers/article14386283.ece |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> During the Civil Disobedience Movement and the [[Salt Satyagraha]] in the 1930s, Naicker faced imprisonment for his involvement in satyagraha demonstrations.<ref name=":1" /> His leadership and courage during these events earned him the honorary title "Sardar," reportedly bestowed by [[Gandhi]].<ref name=":1" />

In 1933, he was the president of the North Madras Harijan Welfare Association when [[M. P. Sivagnanam]] was its secretary.<ref name=":3" /> Naicker was also jailed during the [[Quit India Movement]] in 1942 and for opposing India's participation in [[World War II]].<ref name=":1" />

== Legislative career ==
Naicker served as a Municipal Councillor for Korukkupet from 1936 to 1939 and again from 1940 to 1946.<ref name=":1" /> He also held the position of Deputy [[Mayor of Madras]] from 1939 to 1940.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Naidu |first1=R. Janardhanam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oG8dAAAAMAAJ |title=Bharani's Madras Handbook |last2=Ramalingam |first2=K. |last3=Subbiah |first3=V. |date=1974 |publisher=Sree Krishna Printers |pages=12 |language=en}}</ref> He represented North Madras in the [[Madras Legislative Assembly]] from 1937 to 1939.<ref name=":1" />

In post-independence India, Naicker was nominated to the Provisional Indian Parliament (1950–1952) and contributed to the drafting of the Indian Constitution as a member of the Drafting Committee.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kashyap |first=Subhash C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uGaPAAAAMAAJ |title=History of the Parliament of India: Laying the foundations and building the infra-structure : the golden Nehru era of parliamentary democracy from the provisional parliament to the Second Lok Sabha, 1950-1962 |date=1994 |publisher=Under the auspices of Centre for Policy Research, Shipra |isbn=978-81-85402-53-6 |pages=59 |language=en}}</ref>

== Death ==
He died on 9 September 1964.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1964 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Chennai]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chennai]]

P. M. Audikesavalu Naicker - Revision history

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