https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=OverpassOverpass - Revision history2026-10-20T11:45:37ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Overpass&diff=430431&oldid=prevAjay Kumar: Created a new article2023-09-26T16:12:36Z<p>Created a new article</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Bridge, road, railway, or similar structure that crosses over another road or railway}}<br />
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{{Use American English|date=March 2021}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2021}}<br />
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An '''overpass''' (called an '''overbridge''' or '''flyover''' in the [[United Kingdom]] and some other [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] countries) is a [[bridge]], [[road]], [[railway]] or similar structure that crosses over another road or railway. An ''overpass'' and ''[[underpass]]'' together form a [[grade separation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/institute-of-traffic-engineers/traffic-engineering-handbook-hci/page-46-traffic-engineering-handbook-hci.shtml |title=Read the ebook Traffic engineering handbook by Institute of Traffic Engineers |author=Henry K. Evans |year=1950 |work=ENGINEERING HANDBOOK, Second Edition 1950 |publisher=Institute of Traffic Engineers |location=New Haven, Connecticut |access-date=2010-10-09}}</ref> [[Stack interchange]]s are made up of several overpasses.<br />
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==History==<br />
[[File:020 N700 Series Shinkansen 新幹線 arriving at Kyoto Station, Japan.jpg|thumb|right|Overpass crossing multiple railway lines and roads in [[Kyoto]], Japan]]<br />
[[File:Overpass 501x229.jpg|thumb|right|Overpass in [[Washington, D.C.]]]]<br />
The world's first railroad flyover was constructed in 1843 by the [[London and Croydon Railway]] at [[Norwood Junction railway station]] to carry its [[atmospheric railway]] vehicles over the [[Brighton Main Line]].<ref>{{Cite book|last = Turner | first = J.T. Howard | title = The London Brighton and South Coast Railway 1. Origins and formation|publisher=Batsford|year=1977|location = London | pages = 249 | isbn = 978-0-7134-0275-9}}</ref><br />
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==Highway and road==<br />
In North American usage, a ''flyover'' is a high-level overpass, built above main overpass lanes, or a bridge built over what had been an [[at-grade intersection]]. Traffic engineers usually refer to the latter as a ''[[grade separation]]''. A flyover may also be an extra ramp added to an existing interchange, either replacing an existing [[cloverleaf interchange|cloverleaf]] loop (or being built in place of one) with a higher, faster ramp that eventually bears left, but may be built as a right or left exit.<br />
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A cloverleaf or partial cloverleaf contains some 270 degree loops, which can slow traffic and can be difficult to construct with multiple lanes. Where all such turns are replaced with flyovers (perhaps with some underpasses) only 90 degree turns are needed, and there may be four or more distinct levels of traffic. Depending upon design, traffic may flow in all directions at or near open road speeds (when not congested). For more examples see [[Freeway interchange]].<br />
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==Pedestrian==<br />
A [[Pedestrian separation structure|pedestrian overpass]] allows traffic to pass without affecting [[pedestrian]] safety.<br />
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==Railway==<br />
Railway overpasses are used to replace [[level crossing]]s (at-grade crossings) as a safer alternative. Using overpasses allows for unobstructed rail traffic to flow without conflicting with vehicular and pedestrian traffic. [[Rapid transit]] systems use complete grade separation of their [[Right-of-way (transportation)|rights of way]] to avoid traffic interference with frequent and reliable service.<br />
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Railroads also use [[balloon loop]]s and [[flying junction]]s instead of [[flat junction]]s, as a way to reverse direction and to avoid trains conflicting with those on other tracks.<br />
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==Gallery==<br />
<gallery mode="packed"><br />
Overpasses in Spain.JPG|Overpasses near [[Barcelona]]<br />
Cumberland Highway.jpg|[[Cumberland Highway]] overpasses a street in [[Sydney]]<br />
Los Angeles Freeway Interchange.jpg|A high-capacity [[stack interchange]]: the [[Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange]] in [[Los Angeles]]<br />
SandgateRailOverpass.JPG|[[Sandgate Flyover]], New South Wales, where two main railway lines pass over two dedicated coal lines<br />
South entrance of Zheng Qi Overpass 20110114.jpg|Zheng Qi overpass, [[Taipei]].<br />
Overpass-NYThruway-355.25-c.jpg|[[New York State Thruway]] overpass<br />
Pedestrian overpass.JPG|Pedestrian overpass, [[Interstate 64 in Missouri|I-64]], [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]]. This overpass is located at the [[St. Louis Science Center]].<br />
Sion Panvel Highway Kharghar exit.jpeg|A road sign on [[Sion Panvel Highway]] in [[India]] instructing travellers to use flyover for onward journey.<br />
Burbank Ave I-5 overpass under construction in Burbank, California.JPG|Overpass under construction over [[Interstate 5 in California|Interstate 5]] in [[Burbank, California]], July 2021<br />
Athens-Kiffisia-aerial.jpg|Round overpass in [[Athens]]<br />
General Holmes Drive from aircraft window.jpg|Sydney airport taxiway going over a major road.<br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Footbridge]]<br />
*[[Skyway]]<br />
*[[Stack interchange]]<br />
*[[Viaduct]]<br />
*[[Wildlife crossing]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{commons category|Overpass bridges}}<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Road types}}<br />
{{Infrastructure}}<br />
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[[Category:Bridges]]<br />
[[Category:Road infrastructure]]<br />
[[Category:Railway buildings and structures]]<br />
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[[pl:Estakada]]</div>Ajay Kumar