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{{Short description|1=Overview of and topical guide to Sikhism}}

The following [[Outline (list)|outline]] is provides an '''overview of Sikhism''', or '''Sikhi''' (its [[endonym]]).

[[Sikhism]] is a [[monotheism|monotheistic]] religion—emphasizing universal [[Selfless service|selflessness]] and brotherhood—founded in the 15th century upon the teachings of [[Guru Nanak]] and the ten succeeding [[Guru#Guru in Sikhism|Gurus]]. It is the [[Major religious groups|fifth-largest]] [[organized religion]] in the world,<ref name="ADR">{{cite web|author=Adherents.com|title=Religions by adherents|url=http://adherents.com/misc/rel_by_adh_CSM.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050421033128/http://www.adherents.com/misc/rel_by_adh_CSM.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=April 21, 2005|access-date=2007-02-09|format=PHP}}</ref> and one of the [[Fastest-growing religion|fastest-growing]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The List: The World's -Growing Religions|work=Foreign Policy|publisher=[[Foreign Policy (magazine)|Foreign Policy]]|url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2007/05/13/the_list_the_worlds_fastest_growing_religions|url-status=bot: unknown|access-date=5 November 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120526191903/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2007/05/13/the_list_the_worlds_fastest_growing_religions|archive-date=26 May 2012}}</ref>

The sacred text and last Guru of Sikhism, ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'', teaches humans how to unite with the all cosmic soul; with [[God in Sikhism|God]], the creator: "Only those who selflessly love everyone, they alone shall find God."

{{TOC limit|limit=2}}

==Scripture and literature==
{{Sikh scriptures}}{{See also|Category:Sikh scripture}}

=== Scripture ===
* ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'' — the sacred text and last Guru of Sikhism
**[[Asa di Var|Asa Di Var]] — 24 [[Stanza|stanzas]] used as a morning prayer
**[[Japji Sahib]] — the first 8 pages of the Guru Granth Sahib, consisting of hymns composed by Guru Nanak.
**[[Kirtan Sohila]]
**[[Laavaan]] — the four hymns of the [[Anand Karaj]] (Sikh wedding ceremony)
**[[Mul Mantar]] — the opening words of the Guru Granth Sahib, citing the basic statement of creed in Sikhism.
**[[Rehras]] — evening prayer
**[[Sukhmani Sahib]] ('Psalm of Peace') — a popular set of [[Hymn|hymns]] in the Guru Granth Sahib, divided into 24 sections
**[[Ragmala]]
*''[[Dasam Granth]]'' — the secondary holy book of Sikhism
**[[33 Savaiye]]
**[[Chaupai (Sikhism)|Benti Chaupai]]
**[[Bhattan De Savaiye]]
**[[Chandi di Var]]
**[[Jaap Sahib]] — a morning prayer consisting of an introductory [[Śloka|sloka]], 38 stanzas (''pauris''), and a concluding sloka attributed by some to [[Guru Angad]].
**[[Tav-Prasad Savaiye]] (or Amrit Savaiye) — short composition of 10 stanzas, as part of ''nitnem''
*''[[Sarbloh Granth]]'' — a voluminous scripture consisting of more than 6,500 poetic stanzas, considered as amalgamation of the writings of poets including Guru Gobind Singh.
*''[[Varan Bhai Gurdas]]'' — the name given to the 40 ''[[Vaar|vaars]]'' (a form of Punjabi poetry) traditionally attributed to [[Bhai Gurdas]], providing early concepts of Sikhism and Sikh living.<ref>Singh, Pritama. 1992. ''Bhai Gurdas''. pp. 33–36. {{ISBN|9788172012182}}.</ref>
*[[Five Banis]]

=== Sikh literature ===
{{See also|Category:Sikh literature}}
* ''[[Guru Maneyo Granth]]'' — historic statement of the 10th Guru, [[Guru Gobind Singh]]
*[[Janamsakhis|Janamsakhi]] — non-canonical history of Guru Nanak
** [[Janamsakhis#Bhai Bala Janamsakhi|Bala Janamsakhi]] — a collection of janamsakhis by [[Bhai Bala]] (generally accepted as authoritative).
** [[Janamsakhis#Bhai Mani Singh’s Janamsakhi|Mani Singh Janamsakhi]] or [[Gyan ratanavali]] — a collection dating from the time of the last Guru.
** [[Janamsakhis#The Miharban Janam-sakhi|Miharban Janamsakhi]] — janamsakhis written by the followers of [[Prithi Chand]].
** [[Purātan Janamsākhī|Puratan Janamsakhi]] — an early collection of janamsakhis by an unknown author.
* [[Panth Parkash]] — non-canonical Sikh history
*[[Suraj Parkash]] — non-canonical Sikh history
* [[Zafarnama (letter)|Zafarnama]] — letter by [[Guru Gobind Singh]] to [[Aurangzeb]]

=== Associated terms ===
*[[Ardās]]
*[[Bhagat Bani]] — any of the writings that appear in the Guru Granth Sahib which were not written by the Gurus.
*[[Gurbani]] (abbreviated as ''bani'') — general term for Gurus' writings
* Gutka — a small sized [[breviary]] or [[prayer book]] containing chosen hymns (banis) from Sikh scriptures
*[[Nitnem]] — daily recitations
*[[Paath]]
*[[Savaiya]] — a form of poetry written in praise of someone, in which every verse is 1/4 times the length of a common verse.
*[[Shabda]] — the hymns contained in Sikh scriptures.
*[[Śloka|Sloka]] — 'stanza'; the Sanskrit epic metre formed of 32 syllables: verses of 2 lines (''[[distich]]'') of 16 syllables each or in 4 half-lines (''[[hemistich]]'') of 8 syllables each.

== Philosophy and beliefs ==
{{SikhBeliefs}}{{Main|Sikh philosophy}}
*[[Waheguru]] — God
**[[Akal (Sikh term)|Akal]]
**[[Akal Purakh]]
**[[Alakh Niranjan]]
**[[Ik Onkar]] (or Ek Onkar)
**[[Monism#Sikhism|Monoism]]
**[[Sarav viāpak]]
**[[Satguru]] — 'true God'
**[[Satnam]] — '[God's] name is true'
*[[Three pillars of Sikhism|3 pillars of Sikhism]]
** [[Naam Japo]] — [[meditation]] on the name of God
** [[Kirat Karo]] — earning a living honestly, without exploitation or fraud
** [[Vand Chhako]] — sharing with others; helping those with less or those who are in need
*[[Five Virtues|5 Virtues]]
**[[Sat (Sikhism)|Sat]] — 'truth'
**[[Santokh]] — 'contentment, satisfaction'
**[[Daya (Sikhism)|Daya]] — 'compassion, kindness'
**[[Nimrata]] — 'humility, benevolence'
**[[Pyaar]] — 'love'
*[[Bole So Nihal]]
*[[Charhdi Kala]] — the aspiration to maintain a mental state of eternal optimism and joy.
*[[Five Thieves]]
** [[Kaam]] — 'lust'
** [[Krodh]] — 'anger, wrath'
** [[Lobh]] — 'greed'
** [[Moh]] — '[[Attachment theory|attachment]]'
** [[Hankaar]] — 'ego, pride'
* [[Gurmat]]
*[[Hukam]]
*[[Idolatry in Sikhism]]
*[[Khalsa]] — 'pure'
*[[Bhakti|Nirguni bhakti]]
*[[Raj Karega Khalsa]]
*[[Sarbat da bhala|Sarbat da bhalla]] — welfare (''bhalla'') of mankind (''sarbat'')
*[[Selfless service|Seva]] — selfless service
*[[Shakti]]
*[[Sikh Rehat Maryada]] – code of conduct
*[[Simran]] — the remembrance of [[Waheguru]].

=== Relation to other religions ===

*[[Hinduism and Sikhism]]
*[[Islam and Sikhism]]
*[[Jainism and Sikhism]]

== Practices and culture ==
{{Sikh practices}}{{Main|Sikh discipline|:Category:Sikh practices}}
* [[Amrita|Amrit]] — elixir of immortality; the sanctified nectar or sugar water substitute used in ceremonies. It is prepared by stirring it in an iron bowl with the double-edged sword and continuous recitation of five [[Gurbani|''banis'']] by the five selected members of the [[Khalsa]].
*[[Dasvand]] — a kind of Sikh [[tithe]]; the act of donating 10% of one's harvest, both financially and in the form of time and service (i.e., seva) to the Gurdwara and community.
*[[the Five Ks|Five Ks]] — five articles of faith worn by baptised, or ''[[khalsa]]'', Sikhs:
**[[Kesh (Sikhism)|Kesh]] — uncut hair
**[[Kangha (Sikhism)|Kangha]] — a comb
**[[Kara (Sikhism)|Kara]] — a circular iron bracelet
**[[Kirpan]] — a small dagger
**[[Kachera]] — special underwear short
*[[Kirtan]] — musical recitation
* [[Langar (Sikhism)|Langar]] — communal kitchen where free food is distributed to all comers
**[[Pangat]]
*[[Naam Japo]] — [[meditation]] on the [[Nāma|name]] of God
**[[Jaap Sahib|Jaap]] — 'recitation'
*[[Prohibitions in Sikhism|Prohibitions]] (''kurahit kurahat''), including:
**Cutting, trimming, shaving or removing hairs from one’s body — Sikhs practice [[Kesh (Sikhism)|''kesh'']], allowing their hair to grow out naturally in respect to God's creation
**[[Cannabis and Sikhism|Intoxication]]
**[[Sikh castes|Castism]]
**[[Kutha meat]] — eating meat killed in a ritualistic manner (particularly [[Halal Meat|halal]] or [[Kosher foods|kosher]] meat), or any meat where [[Langar (Sikhism)|langar]] is served (except ''jatkha'' meat).
*[[Selfless service|Seva]] — selfless service
**[[Sewadar|Sevadar]] — one who volunteers
**[[Kar seva]]
**[[Kar Sevak|Kar sevak]]
*[[Sikh Rehat Maryada]] — code of conduct

=== Sikh ceremonies ===
* [[Anand Karaj]] ('blissful union, joyful union') — the Sikh marriage ceremony, first introduced by [[Guru Amar Das]].
*[[Akhand Path]] — continuous reading of ''[[Sri Guru Granth Sahib]]'', either in honour of a particular occasion or simply to increase one’s feeling of connection to God. Akhand Paths can be held, for example, in honour of a birth/birthday, wedding/anniversary, recovery from a medical operation, death, or a historic occasion; to celebrate the achievement of a goal such as a graduation or passing the driving test; or in chasing away evil spirits and curses, etc.
*[[Amrit Sanchar]] — baptism into the [[Khalsa]] tradition
* [[Antam Sanskar]] — funeral rites
*[[Naam Karan]] — child's naming ceremony
*[[Sadharan Paath]]

=== Sikh festivals ===
{{Main|Sikh Festivals}}
* [[Bandi Chhor Divas]] — a celebration during [[Diwali]]
* [[Gurpurab]] — the celebration of an anniversary of a Guru's birth, particularly that of [[Guru Nanak]].
*[[Guru Ladho Re Diwas]]
*[[Mela Maghi]]
*[[Nagar Kirtan]]
*[[Vasakhi]] — a festival during late Spring

=== General sikh culture ===
* [[Dastar]] — turban (''[[Pagri (turban)|pagri]]''); an inseparable part of Sikh dress that is mandatory for Sikh males according to [[Guru Granth Sahib]] and the ''[[Sikh Rehat Maryada]]''.
*[[Diet in Sikhism]]
*[[Gatka]] — Sikh martial art
*[[Idolatry in Sikhism]]
*[[Karah Parshad]]
*[[Khanda (religious symbol)|Khanda]] — an [[Khanda (sword)|Indian-double edged sword]] that is used as the primary symbol of the Sikh faith. It appears on the [[Nishan Sahib]] that flies over gurdwaras.
*[[Kirtan]] — musical recitation
*[[Nanakshahi calendar]] — the calendar used in Sikhism
*#[[Chet (month)|Chet]]
*#[[Vaisakh]]
*#[[Jeth]]
*#[[Harh]]
*#[[Sawan]]
*#[[Bhadon]]
*#[[Assu]]
*#[[Katak]]
*#[[Maghar (month)|Maghar]]
*#[[Poh]]
*#[[Magh (Sikh calendar)|Magh]]
*#[[Phagun]]
*[[Punjabi language]]
**[[Gurmukhi]] — the written form of Punjabi used in the Sikh scriptures (and in [[Punjab, India]], more generally) propagated by [[Guru Nanak]] and [[Guru Angad]]. It is contrast to [[Shahmukhi alphabet|''shahmukhi'']], which is the Islamic script for Punjabi (used in [[Punjab, Pakistan]]).
**[[Sant Bhasha]]
*[[Ragi (Sikhism)|Ragi]] — Sikh musician who performs hymns
*[[Sikhism and sexual orientation]]

== Sikh geography ==
[[File:Punjab under Ranjit Singh1823-1839.jpg|thumb|Map of [[Ranjit Singh]]'s empire at its peak.]]
[[File:Punjab 1909.jpg|thumb|Map of [[Punjab Province (British India)]], 1909]]
[[File:Golden Temple India.jpg|thumb|[[Harmandir Sahib]] (the Golden Temple) at night, in [[Amritsar]], India]]
{{See also|:Category:Sikh places}}

* [[Akal Takhat]] ('Eternal Throne') — nominal seat of Sikh temporal/political authority.
* [[Amritsar]] — the holy city of Sikhism, home to 1.5 million in the northwestern part of India.
**[[Harmandir Sahib]] (or Golden Temple) — the holy shrine of Sikhs; the spiritual and cultural center of the Sikh religion, found in Amritsar.
* [[Anandpur Sahib]] — the birthplace of the [[Khalsa]]
**[[Virasat-e-Khalsa]] — a Sikh museum in Anandpur
* [[Goindval|Goindval Sahib]]
* [[Kartarpur, Pakistan|Kartarpur]] — seat of [[Guru Nanak]]'s first school.
* [[Nankana Sahib]] — birthplace of Guru Nanak
*[[Patna Sahib]]
* [[Samadhi of Ranjit Singh]] — a building in [[Lahore, Pakistan]] that houses the funerary urns of Sikh ruler [[Ranjit Singh]]
*[[Takht (Sikhism)|Takht]]

=== Sikhism by country ===
{{Main|Sikh diaspora}}
* [[Sikhism in Australia]]
* [[Sikhism in Afghanistan]]
* [[Sikhs in Belgium]]
* [[Sikhism in Canada]]
* [[Sikhs in Fiji]]
* [[Sikhism in India]]
* [[Sikhism in New Zealand]]
* [[Sikhism in Pakistan]]
* [[Sikhism in Thailand]]
* [[Sikhism in the United Arab Emirates]]
* [[Sikhism in the United Kingdom]]
* [[Sikhism in the United States]]

===Gurdwaras===
{{Main|Gurdwara|Category:Gurdwaras}}
[[File:Golden Temple 1.jpg|thumb|260px|right|The [[Harmandir Sahib]], Sikh Gurdwara and spiritual centre at [[Amritsar]], [[India]].]]
[[File:Nishan Sahib.svg|thumb|[[Nishan Sahib]]]]

====In India====
{{Main|Gurdwaras in India}}
The [[Harmandir Sahib]] (or Golden Temple) is the holy shrine of Sikhs; the spiritual and cultural center of the Sikh religion, found in Amritsar. The [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee|Shiromani Gurudwara Parbandhak Committee]] (SGPC) is the organization responsible for the management of gurdwaras in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh, and the [[Union Territory of Chandigarh|union territory of Chandigarh]]

Other gurdwaras in India include:
* [[Gurudwara Bangla Sahib|Gurdwara Bangla Sahib]]
* [[Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib]]
* [[Goindwal Sahib]]

====In the United States====
{{Main|Gurdwaras in the United States}}
* [[Gurdwara Sahib Fremont]]
* [[Sikh Gurdwara - San Jose]]
* [[Sikh Gurdwara of San Francisco]]
* [[Sikh Religious Society of Chicago]]

====Gurdwaras in Pakistan====
{{Main|Gurdwaras in Pakistan}}
* [[Kartarpur, Pakistan|Kartarpur]] — seat of Guru Nanak's first school.
* [[Nankana Sahib]] — birthplace of Guru Nanak.

==== Other gurdwaras ====
* [[Gurdwaras in Canada]]
*[[Khalsa Diwan Sikh Temple]] (Hong Kong)
*[[Gurdwara Sahib Klang]] (Malaysia)

* [[Central Sikh Temple]] — the first gurdwara in Singapore
* [[Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha Southall]] (London)

=== Other Sikh institutions ===
* [[Damdami Taksal]]
*[[Guru Nanak Dev University]]
* [[Guru Nanak Khalsa College of Arts, Science & Commerce]]
* [[Khalsa College, Amritsar]]
*[[Pingalwara]]
* [[Baru Sahib|Satnam Trust]]
*[[Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund]]
*[[Sikh Phulwari]]
*[[Sikh Reference Library]]
*[[Thai Sikh International School]]

== Sikh politics, military, and administration ==
{{See also|:Category:Sikh politics}}

=== Organizations ===
[[File:Ghadar Flag.png|thumb|[[Ghadar Party]] flag]]

*[[All India Sikh Students Federation]]
* [[British Sikh Student Federation]]
*[[Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee]]
*[[Ghadar party|Ghadar Party]]
*[[Haryana State Akali Dal]]
*[[Punjab Janata Morcha]]
*[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
**[[Sarb Hind Shiromani Akali Dal]]
**[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)|Shiromani Akali Dal (Amristsar)]]
** [[Shiromani Akali Dal Delhi]]
**[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic)]]
** [[Shiromani Akali Dal (Longowal)]]
** [[Shiromani Akali Dal (Panthik)]]
* [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee|Shiromani Gurudwara Parbandhak Committee]] (SGPC) — the organization responsible for the management of gurdwaras in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh, and the [[Union Territory of Chandigarh|union territory of Chandigarh]]
*[[Sikh Manji]] — Sikh administrative unit
*[[United Sikhs]]
*[[World Sikh Organization]]

=== Military ===

*[[Misl]]
*[[Piri System]]
*[[Sant Sipahi]]
*[[Sikh Empire]]
*[[Sikh Khalsa Army]]
*[[Sikh Light Infantry]]
* [[Sikh Regiment]]

=== Movements ===
* [[Akali movement]]
* [[Babbar Akali movement]]
*[[Ghadar Movement|Ghadar movement]]
* [[Khalistan movement]] — a separatist movement to create a [[Sikh]] homeland,<ref>{{cite web|last=Colonist|first=Times|date=2008-03-11|title=Sikh separatists in Canada concern Indian government|url=http://www.canada.com/victoriatimescolonist/news/story.html?id=40a84f84-80c5-4293-9d3f-aeff4040afe2|access-date=2010-01-22|publisher=Canada.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=25 years on, few takers for Khalistan in Canada|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/25-years-on-few-takers-for-khalistan-in-canada_100268207.html|access-date=2010-01-22|publisher=Thaindian.com}}</ref> often named ''Khālistān'' ({{lang-pa|ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ}}, {{lang-hi|ख़ालिस्तान}}, 'Land of the [[Khalsa]]'), composed of the [[Punjab region]] of modern-day [[Punjab, India|India]] and [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistan]].<ref>''The foreign policy of Pakistan: ethnic impacts on diplomacy, 1971–1994''. {{ISBN|1-86064-169-5}}. Mehtab Ali Shah: "''Such is the political, psychological and religious attachment of the Sikhs to that city that a Khalistan without Lahore would be like a Germany without Berlin.''"</ref><ref>''Amritsar to Lahore: a journey across the India-Pakistan border''. Stephen Alter. {{ISBN|0-8122-1743-8}} "''Ever since the separatist movement gathered force in the 1980s, Pakistan has sided with the Sikhs, even though the territorial ambitions of Khalistan include Lahore and sections of the Punjab on both sides of the border.''"</ref>
* [[Singh Sabha Movement]]

==History of Sikhism==
{{Main|History of Sikhism|Category:History of Sikhism|History of Punjab}}

* 1469–1539 — [[Guru Nanak Gurpurab|birth of Guru Nanak]]
*1699 — [[Vaisakhi|Khalsa Sajana Divas]]
*1707–1799 — [[Sikh Confederacy]]
**1752–1801 — [[Sukerchakia]]
*1746 — [[Chhota Ghallughara]] ('small massacre') — a massacre of a significant proportion of the Sikh population by the [[Mughal Empire]], in which [[Jaspat Rai]]'s brother Lakhpat Rai with the Mughal army killed an estimated 7,000 Sikhs died.
*1762 — [[Vadda Ghalughara]] ('large massacre') — a mass-murder of unarmed Sikhs by the Afghan forces of the [[Durrani Empire]], during the years of Afghan influence in the Punjab region.
*1799–1849 — [[Sikh Empire]]
**1845–46 — [[First Anglo-Sikh War]]
**1848–49 — [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]]
*1897 — [[Battle of Saragarhi]] — a [[Last stand|last-stand battle]] during the [[British Raj]]
*1919 April 13 — [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre|Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre]] (or Amritsar Massacre)
*1920–25 — [[Akali movement]]
*1984 June 1–8 — [[Operation Blue Star]] — a military operation inside the [[Harmandar sahib|Harmandar Sahib]]
*1984 November — [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]]
*2012 August 5 — [[Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting]]

=== Battles ===

* 1621 — [[Battle of Rohilla]]
* 1634 — [[Battle of Lahira]]
* 1634 — [[Battle of Amritsar (1634)]]
* 1635 — [[Battle of Kartarpur]]
* 1686 September — [[Battle of Bhangani]]
* 1691 — [[Battle of Nadaun]]
* 1696 — [[Battle of Guler (1696)|Battle of Guler]]
* 1700 — [[Battle of Anandpur (1700)]]
* 1700 — [[Second Battle of Anandpur]]
* 1701 — [[Battle of Anandpur (1701)]]
* 1702 — [[Battle of Basoli]]
* 1702 — [[Battle of Nirmohgarh (1702)|Battle of Nirmohgarh]]
* 1702 — [[First Battle of Chamkaur (1702)|First Battle of Chamkaur]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Surjit Singh Gandhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZFBp89UInUC&q=hargobind+jahangir&pg=PA822|title=History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist.|year=2007|isbn=9788126908585|page=822}}</ref>
* 1704 — [[First Battle of Anandpur (1704)]]
* 1704 December — [[Battle of Sarsa]]
* 1704 December 6 — [[Second Battle of Chamkaur (1704)|Second Battle of Chamkaur]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Surjit Singh Gandhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZFBp89UInUC&q=hargobind+jahangir&pg=PA822|title=History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist.|year=2007|isbn=9788126908585|page=822}}</ref>
* 1705 December 29 — [[Battle of Muktsar]]
* 1709 — [[Battle of Sonepat]]
* 1709 — [[Battle of Samana]]
* 1710 — [[Battle of Sadhaura]]
* 1710 — [[Battle of Rahon (1710)|Battle of Rahon]]
* 1710 — [[Battle of Jalalabad (1710)|Battle of Jalalabad]]
* 1710 May — [[Battle of Chappar Chiri]]
* 1710 December — [[Battle of Lohgarh]]
* 1712 — [[Battle of Jammu]]
* 1715 — [[Siege of Gurdaspur]]
*1715 April — [[Battle of Gurdas Nangal]]
* 1757 — [[Battle of Amritsar (1757)]]
* 1759 — [[Battle of Lahore (1759)]]
* 1761 — [[Battle of Sialkot (1761)]]
* 1761 — [[Battle of Gujranwala (1761)|Battle of Gujranwala]]
* 1761 — [[Sikh Occupation of Lahore]]<ref name="Mehta">{{Cite book|last1=Mehta|first1=J. L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA250|title=Advanced study in the history of modern India 1707–1813|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|year=2005|isbn=978-1-932705-54-6|page=303|access-date=2010-09-23}}</ref>
*1762 — [[Battle of Harnaulgarh]]
*1762 February 5 — [[Battle of Kup]]
* 1763 —[[Battle of Sialkot (1763)]]
* 1764 —[[Battle of Sirhind (1764)|Battle of Sirhind]]
* 1783 — [[Capture of Delhi and Red Fort (1783)|Capture of Delhi and Red Fort]]
*1809 March–August — [[Gurkha-Sikh War]]
* 1813 July 13 — [[Battle of Attock]]
*1818 March–June — [[Battle of Multan]]
*1819 July 3 — [[Battle of Shopian]]
* 1834 — [[Battle of Peshawar (1834)|Battle of Peshawar]]
* 1837 — [[Battle of Jamrud]]
*1841–42 — [[Sino-Sikh War]]
*1845 December — [[Battle of Mudki]]
*1845 December — [[Battle of Ferozeshah]]
* 1846 — [[Battle of Baddowal]]<ref name="sarsa">{{cite book|author=Jacques, Tony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06k5ygAACAAJ|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-313-33536-5|page=92}}</ref><ref name="jacques">Jacques, p. 93</ref>
* 1846 January — [[Battle of Aliwal]]
* 1846 February — [[Battle of Sobraon]]
*1848 November — [[Battle of Ramnagar]]
*1848 April–1849 January — [[Siege of Multan]]
*1849 January — [[Battle of Chillianwala]]
* 1849 — [[Battle of Gujrat]]
*1897 — [[Battle of Saragarhi]]

==People==
[[File:Turbannedman.jpg|thumb|Sikh man in turban]][[Sikhs]] are members of the Sikh religion. A [[Sangat (Sikhism)|sangat]] is a society or congregation of Sikhs.

=== Titles and labels ===
{{Main|Sikh titles}}
*[[Amritdhari]] — baptized Sikh; anyone who has been initiated into the [[Khalsa]], according to ''[[Sikh Rehat Maryada|Sikh Reht Maryada]]''.
*[[Brahmgiani]] — highly enlightened individual who has obtained the ultimate blessings of [[Waheguru]].
*[[Granthi]]
*[[Gurmukh]] — a person who is spiritually centered. A person who lives within the will of God and accepts all good and bad that happens to one's self without question or annoyance. A gurmukh stands in contrast to a ''[[manmukh]]''.
*[[Gursikh]]
*[[Gyani]]
*[[Jathedar]]
**[[Jathedar of Akal Takht]]
*[[Kar Sevak|Kar sevak]]
*[[Manmukh]] — a self-centered person, contrast to ''[[gurmukh]]''. A person who lives within the will of the Mind as opposed to the will of god.
*[[Nihang]] — a Sikh who consumes [[bhang]] ([[cannabis sativa]]), opium, and other narcotics to assist in meditation.
*[[Nirankari]] — a sect of Sikhism
*[[Patit]] — apostate
*[[Sahajdhari]] — unbaptized Sikh.
*[[Sant Sipahi]]
*[[Sardar]] — a word contemporarily used to address or denote a turban-wearing Sikh male. The term initially used by Sikh leaders and generals who held important positions in various [[Sikh Misls]] of the [[Sikh Empire]].
*[[Sewadar|Sevadar]] — one who volunteers for [[Selfless service|seva]]
*[[Martyrdom in Sikhism|Shaheed]] — title used before the name of a person who has died as a Sikh martyr.
**[[Saka Sirhind]]
*[[Sikh names]]
**[[Kaur]] ('princess') — the middle name or surname given to Sikh females
**[[Singh]] ('lion') — the middle name or surname given to Sikh males

*[[Udasi]] — a religious sect of ascetic ''[[Sadhu|sadhus]]'' who were key interpreters of the Sikh philosophy and the custodians of important Sikh shrines until the [[Akali movement]]. Modern-day udasis consider themselves more to be Hindu rather than Sikhs.

=== Sikh Gurus ===
{{Main|Sikh gurus}}
* [[Guru Nanak Dev]] — According to the traditional historical Sikh sources Guru Nanak Dev appeared on earth in the month of Katak Oct/November 1469 which is celebrated every year in the month of October/November. The SGPC which was founded in 1925, states the avtar date as 15 April 1469. The Sikhs believe that all subsequent Gurus possessed Guru Nanak’s divinity and the one spirit of Akaal Purakh Waheguru.<ref>Guru Nanak may be referred to by many other names and titles such as "Satguru Nanak Dev", "Guru Nanak Dev" or "Baba Nanak" .</ref>
*[[Guru Angad Dev]] (1504–52) — disciple of Guru Nanak Dev and second of the ten Sikh Gurus.
*[[Guru Amar Das]] (1469–1574) — third of the ten Sikh Gurus.
*[[Guru Ram Das]] ( 1534–81) — fourth of the ten Sikh Gurus.
*[[Guru Arjan Dev]] (1563–1605) — fifth of the ten Sikh Gurus, He was arrested and executed by [[Jahangir]] in 1605.<ref>{{cite book
| title = History of India
| author = N. Jayapalan
| publisher = Atlantic
| year = 2001
| page = 160
| isbn = 978-81-7156-928-1
}}</ref>
*[[Guru Har Gobind]] (1596–1638) — son of Guru Arjan Dev and the sixth of the ten Sikh Gurus.
*[[Guru Har Rai]] (1630–61) — grandson of Guru Har Gobind and seventh of the ten Sikh Gurus.
*[[Guru Har Krishan]] (1656–64) — son of Guru Har Rai and eighth of the ten Sikh Gurus.
*[[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] (1621–75) — grand uncle of Guru Har Krishan and ninth of the ten Sikh Gurus. He was executed on the orders of Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] in [[Delhi]].<ref>[http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/sikh-gurus/sri-guru-tegh-bhadur-sahib-j.html#12 A Gateway to Sikhism | Sri Guru Tegh Bhadur Sahib J - A Gateway to Sikhism] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830015218/http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/sikh-gurus/sri-guru-tegh-bhadur-sahib-j.html |date=2008-08-30 }}</ref>
*[[Guru Gobind Singh]](1666–1708) — son of Guru Tegh Bahadur and tenth of the ten Sikh Gurus, He named the holy scripture, as his successor
*[[Guru Granth Sahib]] — the [[spiritual religious text]] of [[Sikhism]], said to be the sole and final successor of the line of gurus. It is the eternal living Guru.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Deol
| first = Harnik
| title = Religion and Nationalism in India
| publisher = Routledge
| year = 2000
| page = 62
| isbn =0-415-20108-X }}</ref> the final and eternal [[Guru#Classification of gurus|guru]] of the [[Sikh]]s.<ref name="ke">{{cite book
| last = Keene
| first = Michael
| title = Online Worksheets
| publisher = Nelson Thornes
| year = 2003
| page = 38
| isbn = 0-7487-7159-X}}</ref>
=== Notable people ===

{{See also|List of Sikhs|Sikh Bhagats|Category:Sikh warriors|Category:Sikh martyrs}}
* Pre-1400
**[[Jayadeva in Sikhism|Jayadeva]] — a Sanskrit poet who is the earliest-dated author of two hymns in the Guru Granth Sahib.
*1400–1499
** [[Bhagat Beni]]
**[[Bhai Mardana]] — Guru Nanak's constant Muslim companion, musician, and composer of Sikh hymns.
** [[Bhai Lalo]]
** [[Nanki|Bibi Nanki]] — Guru Nanak's sister and often considered his first disciple.
** [[Sri Chand]] — Guru Nanak's son and founder of an early Sikh sect.
* 1500–1599
** [[Baba Buddha]] — one of the most revered Sikh saints and anointer of several of the early Sikh Gurus.
** [[Bhai Gurdas]] — one of the most revered Sikh saints and writer of the Vars.
** [[Bhai Bala]]
** [[Mian Mir]]
* 1600–1699
** [[Panj Pyare]] (or Panj Piare; literally 'five beloved ones') — the title given to five Sikhs by [[Guru Gobind Singh]] at the historic divan at [[Anandpur Sahib]] on 30 March 1699, forming the nucleus of the [[Khalsa]] as the first batch to receive at his hands ''[[Khanda di Pahul]]'' (i.e. rites of the two-edged sword). These five Sikhs were:
*** [[Bhai Daya Singh]]
*** [[Bhai Dharam Singh]]
*** [[Bhai Himmat Singh]]
*** [[Bhai Mohkam Singh]]
*** [[Bhai Sahib Singh]]
**[[Moti Ram Mehra]]
** [[Bhai Mani Singh]]
** [[Pir Budhan Shah]]
** [[Bidhi Chand|Baba Bidhi Chand]]
** [[Bhai Kanhaiya]]
**[[Saka Sirhind|Chhotte Sahibzade]]
* 1700–1799
** [[Banda Singh Bahadur]]
** [[Baba Deep Singh]]
** [[Bhai Taru Singh]]
** [[Tara Singh Wan]]
** [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]]
** [[Jassa Singh Ramgarhia]]
* 1800–1899
** [[Akali Phula Singh]]
** [[Baba Nand Singh ji]]
** [[Ranjit Singh|Maharajah Ranjit Singh]]
** [[Nawab Kapur Singh]]
** [[Ram Singh Kuka|Baba Ram Singh]]
** [[Pundit Tara Singh]]
* 1900–1999
** [[Bhagat Puran Singh]]
** [[G. B. Singh]]
**[[Baba Gurdit Singh]]
** [[Giani Gurdit Singh]]
** [[H. S. Phoolka]]
**Sant Baba [[Harnam Singh (sant)|Harnam Singh]]
** [[Ishar Singh]]
**Bhai [[Kahn Singh Nabha]]
**Bhai [[Randhir Singh (Sikh)|Randhir Singh]]
**Giani [[Sant Singh Maskeen]]
**Bhai [[Vir Singh (writer)|Vir Singh]]

== General concepts ==
{{See also|Glossary of Sikhism}}

* [[Brahmavidya]] — knowledge of the Divine
* [[Vand Chhako]] — charity (or [[Dāna|''daan'']]); one of the 3 petitions, alongside [[Nāma|''naam'']] and ''ishnan''.
* [[Dasvand]] — 10% of earnings donated to the less advantaged.
* [[Gurbani]] (abbreviated as ''bani'') — verses; applied to any of the collective writings of the Sikh Gurus that appear in the [[Guru Granth Sahib]].
* [[Gurdwara]] (or gurudwara; literally 'God's door, God's place') — Sikh place of worship
* [[Ik Onkar]] (or Ek Onkar)
* [[Ishnan]] — {{Wikt-lang|en|ablution|italic=y}}, purification of body and mind; one of the 3 petitions, alongside [[Nāma|''naam'']] and ''[[Dāna|daan]]''.
* [[Jaap Sahib|Jaap]] — recite.
* [[Kirat Karo]] — earning a living honestly, without exploitation or fraud
* [[Laavaan]]
* [[Naam]] — remembrance of the Divine name
**[[Naam Japo]] — [[meditation]] on the name of God
* [[Takhat]]
* [[Tankhah]] — social offense, such as giving dowry, using liquors and intoxicants, raising monuments over graves, and associating with apostates.

== Pop culture ==

* [[Chaar Sahibzaade: Rise of Banda Singh Bahadur]]
* [[Sarbloh Warriors]] — a computer game based around Sikh resistance against Mughal rule
* ''[[Singh Is Kinng]]'' (2008)

==See also==
* [[Glossary of Sikhism]] (alphabetical)
* [[Interfaith dialog]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Sisterlinks|Sikhism}}
* [http://www.sikh-history.com Sikh History Web Portal]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130327130951/http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/ Sikh Philosophy Network] An Online Sikh Discussion Forum
* [http://www.sikh-heritage.co.uk/ Sikh-heritage.co.uk]

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