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← Older revision		Revision as of 15:15, 8 April 2022
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	==See also==		==See also==
			* [[Oswal]]
	* [[Bhinmal]]		* [[Bhinmal]]
	* [[Mandore]]		* [[Mandore]]

imported>Rishabh.rsd: /* Religion */added image

2021-08-19T09:05:34Z

Religion: added image

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{{Other uses|Osian (disambiguation)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{external links|date=May 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2010}}
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Osian
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline = Osiyan1 photo wiki.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Osiyan Temple
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|26.7167|N|72.9167|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jodhpur district|Jodhpur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Osian tehsil|Osian]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011"/>
| area_rank = 1
| area_total_km2 = 10.4306
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 323
| population_total = 12548
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011">[http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0815_PART_B_DCHB_JODHPUR.pdf Jodhpur District Census Handbook], page 204</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi|Marwadi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 342303
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91-2922
| registration_plate = RJ-19
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Osian''' (also spelt Osiyan) is an ancient town located in the [[Jodhpur District]] of [[Rajasthan]] state in western [[India]]. It is an oasis in the [[Thar Desert]]. The town is a [[panchayat village]]<ref>2011 Village Panchayat Code for Osian = 35850, {{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: Village Panchayat Names of Osian, Jodhpur, Rajasthan|publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=727&parenttype=B&ptype=V|access-date=14 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514044736/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=727&parenttype=B&ptype=V|archive-date=14 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the headquarters for [[Osian tehsil]]. It lies {{convert|69|km|mi|abbr=on}} by road north of the district headquarters at [[Jodhpur]], on a diversion off the main Jodhpur – [[Bikaner]] Highway. The under-construction [[Amritsar Jamnagar Expressway]] passes through this town.

Osian is famous as home to the cluster of ruined Hindu and [[Jain]] temples dating from the 8th to 12th centuries. The city was a major religious centre of the kingdom of [[Marwar]] during the [[Gurjara Pratihara]] dynasty.<ref name="Gurjar Pratihar2">{{cite book|title=The art under the Gurjara-Pratihāras|author=Brajesh Krishna|publisher = Harman Pub. House|year=1990|isbn=978-81-85151-16-8|page=45|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PMmfAAAAMAAJ&q=osian+gurjara}}</ref> Of the 18 shrines in the group, the [[Surya]] Temple, [[Sachiya Mata Temple]], Katan Bawari and the Jain temple dedicated to [[Mahavira]] stands out in their grace and architecture.

The town was a major trading center at least as early as the [[Gupta period]]. It maintained this status, while also being a major center of Hinduism and Jainism for hundreds of year. This came to an abrupt end when the town was attacked by the armies of Muhammed of Ghor in 1195.
Osian is a famous tourist destination.

==History==
[[File:Kilometre sign Osiyan.jpg|thumb|150px|left|[[Milestone|Kilometre sign]]]]

Evidence suggests that Osian is a very old settlement. Some of its early names include Uvasisala, Ukesa and Upkesapur-pattana. In its early history, the village was a center for [[Brahmanism]]. It was a major stop for camel caravans during the [[Gupta period]].<ref>*{{cite book |title=India: The Peacock's Call |last=Dobbie |first=Aline |year=2002 |page=43 |isbn=9781843940104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nk72ebIB1iEC&q=Osian%2C+Jodhpur&pg=PA41 |access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref> The town was an important center for the [[Gurjar Pratihar|Gurjar Pratihar dynasty]]. Tradition states that, after being abandoned for a time, the village was re-established by Utpaladeva (c. 900-950). Utpaladeva converted to Jainism, and turned the village into a center for the religion. However, Jainism had a presence in the village long before that. The town was prosperous and successful at this time. At its peak, it had over one hundred temples.<ref>Kalia, p.1</ref>

A niche in [[Mahavira]] Temple contains sculpture of intertwined snakes which also is worshipped by Oswal Jain, as adhisthatyaka - devetas. This leads us to believe that a sizeable part of the populace in that period may have belonged to [[Naga people|naga]] extraction. [[Nagabhata II]] was a [[Pratihara]] ruler of [[Mandore]] near [[Jodhpur]]. It is said that the [[Nagabhata II]] must have defeated the nagas and so he must have been given the name Nagabhatta which means 'master of nagas'. 'Nagabhatta' the son of 'Narbhatta' of [[Mandore]] line established his capital at Merta near [[Nagaur]], whose old name as ''Nagapura''. The [[Pratiharas]] may have conquered these areas from the nagas. ''Nagapriyagachha'' of Jain also indicates in the same direction.{{Citation needed|date = February 2015}}

[[Muhammad of Ghor]] and his Turkish and Muslim armies attacked the town in 1195. The people of the city fled during these attacks. Most of the city, and most of its temples, were destroyed. After this attack, the residents did not return, and the city became deserted.<ref>Kalia, p.2</ref>

The Jain Harivamsa Purana refers to [[Vatsaraja]]'s rule in [[Saka]] year 705 (A. D. 783). It is believed that he was highly influential in Upakesapura (Osian), as inscriptions of [[Vikram Samvat]] dating back to 1013 (A. D. 956), and referring to this place, have been found.

==Religion==
{{Main|Mahavira Jain temple, Osian}} {{Main|Sachiya Mata Temple}}

[[File:Osian_17-70.jpg|thumb|Shikhar of Mahaviraji temple, Osian]]
[[File:Osiya-temple and Architecture 08.jpg|thumb|Goddess Osian Idol]]
It is conjectured from several evidences that the people of Osian become Jain by [[Acharya]] Ratnaprabhasuriji, who had impressed the populace of the region by his supernatural powers.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}

Osian is an important Jain pilgrimage center for the Maheshwari's and Oswal Jain community. The ([[Mahavira]], महावीर) Temple, built here in A. D. 783, is an important [[Tirtha (Jainism)|tirtha]] for [[Jainism|Jains]] built by [[Gurjara Pratihara]] King [[Vatsaraja]].<ref name="Gurjar Pratihar2"/>

The Nagas of Osian and surrounding region, thus seem to have continued serpent worship even after their conversion to [[Jainism]] and for this reason their parallel worship of [[Hindu]] goddess [[Sachiya Mata]] by Oswal Jain community seems relevant.

The [[Sachiya Mata Temple]] also equally old and important situated on a hill north-east of [[Mahavira]] Temple, enable us some clues to understand the social history of that period. This Temple was built by Upaldev who is the brother of Raja Punj the son of King 'Bheemsain' (king of [[Bhinmal]]). This has many decorative features of a Jain temple. However, it is dedicated to [[Sachiya Mata]], though Jains also worship here, which also is a matter of interest to understand the emergence of Jain community in this city.

The [[Shingavi]], Baid, [[Bafna]], Lunawat, Tated, Parekh, Karnavat and many other clans of Jain community conduct their 'Mundan-Sanskar' in [[Sachiya Mata Temple]] .

==Demographics==
In the 2011 India census, Osian reported 12,548 inhabitants, 6,572 of whom were male and 5,976 of female, which gave a gender ratio of 909 females per thousand males.<ref name="Census2011"/>

== Economy ==
The nearest airport is at [[Jodhpur]]. State Highway 61 passes through Osian. Osian Railway Station is situated on the Jodhpur – [[Phalodi]] line of [[North Western Railway]]. [[Astonfield]] completed a five megawatt (MW) solar power [http://www.astonfield.com/project-rajasthan.asp plant] in the town, which is the first industry in this holy town.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Osian Monuments.JPG|Monument at Osian
Osiya-temple & architecture 06.jpg|Parshvanath statue
Osian 17-70.jpg|Jain Temple
Osian 17-69.jpg|Top of Jain Temple
Osiya-temple & architecture 23.jpg|Jain Temple in Osian
File:Osian 17-63.jpg|Carving on the walls of Osian Jain temple
Osian 16-06.jpg|Harihara temple
Osiya-temple & architecture 25.jpg|Elephant Carving on wall
Osiya-temple and Architecture 12.jpg|Osiya temple and Architecture
Osiya-temple and Architecture 23.jpg|Inside the main temple
Osiya-temple and Architecture 48.jpg| Sculpture inside the temple
KITLV 88217 - Unknown - Jaina temple Osia in British India - 1897.tif|Jain temple in Osian, 1897
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Bhinmal]]
* [[Mandore]]

==References==
{{Commons category|Osian, Rajasthan}}
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite book |title=Art of Osian Temples: Socio-economic and Religious Life in India, 8th-12th Centuries A.D. |last=Kalia |first=Asha |year=1982 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=9780391025585 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3n-sycLo3XQC&q=Osian%2C+Jodhpur&pg=PA10 |access-date=7 February 2015}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web|title=Photograph: Maha-Maru - Harihara temple 1 - Garbhagrha, north jangha detail Osian, temple |publisher=American Institute for Indian Studies|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/images/aiis/aiis_search.html?depth=Get+Details&id=59436|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110125001/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/images/aiis/aiis_search.html?depth=Get+Details&id=59436|archive-date=10 November 2014|url-status=live}}
{{Jodhpur district}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Temples in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Jain temples in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Jodhpur district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Jodhpur district]]

Osian, Jodhpur - Revision history

UpdateBot at 09:45, 8 April 2022

imported>Rishabh.rsd: /* Religion */added image