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{{EngvarB|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Short description|Province of British India (1936–1947)}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
| native_name = 
| conventional_long_name = Orissa Province
| common_name = Odisha
| nation = [[British India]]
| subdivision = [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|Province]]
| era =
| year_start = 1936
| date_start =
| event_start = Bifurcation of [[Bihar and Orissa Province]]
| year_end = 1947
| date_end =
| event_end = [[Independence of India]]
| event1 =
| date_event1 =
| p1 = Bihar and Orissa Province
| s1 = Odisha
| flag_p1 = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
| flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
| image_flag = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
| image_coat =
| image_map = Chota Nagpur area-IGI.jpg
| image_map_caption = Orissa with [[Orissa Tributary States]] in British India before the creation of the province
| stat_area1 = 35664
| stat_year1 = 1901
| stat_pop1 = 5003121
| capital = [[Cuttack]]
| today = [[Odisha|State of Odisha]]
}}
'''Orissa Province''' was a province of [[British India]] created in April 1936 by the [[Partition (politics)|partition]]ing of the [[Bihar and Orissa Province]]. Its territory corresponds with the modern-day [[Odisha|State of Odisha]].

On 22 March 1912, both Bihar and Orissa divisions were separated from the [[Bengal Presidency]] as [[Bihar and Orissa Province]]. On 1 April 1936, Bihar and Orissa Province was split to form [[Bihar Province]] and Orissa Province. Parts of the [[Ganjam District (Madras Presidency)|Ganjam District]] and the [[Vizagapatam district (Madras Presidency)|Vizagapatam district]] of [[Madras Presidency]] were transferred to Orissa Province along with portions of the [[Vizagapatam Hill Tracts Agency]] and [[Ganjam Hill Tracts Agency]].<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_BrProvinces.htm Provinces of British India]</ref>

==History==
In 1803 Orissa was occupied by forces of the [[British East India Company]] during the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]], coming in 1858 under direct administration by the British government along with the Company's other territories. Under the [[British Raj|Raj]], it was a division of the [[Bengal Presidency]] with its capital in [[Cuttack]]. It had an area of 35,664 km² and 5,003,121 inhabitants in 1901.<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Orissa |volume=20 |page=277}}</ref> The province included the [[Orissa Tributary States]]. On 1 April 1912, the province of [[Bihar and Orissa]] was detached from Bengal, and the Orissa Tributary States were placed under the authority of the governor of Bihar and Orissa. In 1936, Orissa became a separate province with five districts.<ref>Joseph E. Schwartzberg, ed. ''A historical atlas of South Asia,'' New York/Oxford 1992, {{ISBN|0-19-506869-6}}</ref>

The [[Government of India Act 1935|Government of India Act]] provided for the election of a provincial legislative assembly and a responsible government. Elections were held in 1937, and the [[Indian National Congress]] took a majority of the seats but declined to form the government. A minority provisional government was formed under [[Krushna Chandra Gajapati]], the Maharaja of Paralakhemundi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1937/apr/19/provincial-governments-ministers|title=PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS (MINISTERS). (Hansard, 19 April 1937)}}</ref>

{| width="70%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #DEE8F1 solid; font-size: x-big; font-family: verdana"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Minister
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Portfolio
|-
|[[Krushna Chandra Gajapati]]
|Home, Finance, Law and Commerce
|-
|Mandhata Gorachand Patnaik
|Revenue, Education and Commerce
|-
|Moulavi Latifur Rahman
|Public Works, Local Self-Government and Forests
|}

The Congress reversed its decision and resolved to accept office in July 1937. Therefore, the Governor invited [[Bishwanath Das]] to form the government.

{| width="70%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #DEE8F1 solid; font-size: x-big; font-family: verdana"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Minister
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Portfolio
|-
|[[Bishwanath Das]]
|Premier, Home, Finance and Education
|-
|[[Nityanand Kanungo]]
|Revenue and Public Works Departments
|-
|Bodhram Dube
|Local Self-government, Health, Law and Commerce
|}

In November 1939, along with Congress ministries in other provinces, Das resigned in protest of the Governor-General's declaration of war on Germany without consulting with Indian leaders, and Orissa came under [[Governor's Rule]] till 1941 when Krushna Chandra Gajapati was again made the Premier.<ref name="SPI">{{cite book|last1=Sharma|first1=Sadhna|title=States Politics in India|year=1995|publisher=Mittal Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788170996194|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i0HdDbdKa8UC}}</ref> This government lasted till 1944.

{| width="70%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #DEE8F1 solid; font-size: x-big; font-family: verdana"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Minister
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Portfolio
|-
|[[Krushna Chandra Gajapati]]
|Premier
|-
|[[Godabarish Mishra]]
|Finance and Education
|-
|Maulvi Abdus Sobhan Khan
|
|}

Another round of elections were held in 1946, yielding another Congress majority, and a government was formed under [[Harekrushna Mahatab]].<ref name="SPI"/>

{| width="70%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #DEE8F1 solid; font-size: x-big; font-family: verdana"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Minister
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Portfolio
|-
|[[Harekrushna Mahatab]]
|Premier
|-
|N. K. Chaudhary
|
|-
|[[Nityanand Kanungo]]
|
|-
|Lingaraj Misra
|
|-
|R. K. Biswasray
|
|}

=== Governors ===
* 1 April 1936 – 11 August 1938 Sir [[John Hubback|John Austen Hubback]] (1st time) (b. 1878 – d. 1968)
*11 Aug 1938 – 8 December 1938 [[G. T. Boag]] (acting) (b. 1884 – d. 1969)
* 8 December 1938 – 1 April 1941 Sir John Austen Hubback (2nd time) (s.a.)
* 1 April 1941 – 1 April 1946 Sir [[Hawthorne Lewis|William Hawthorne Lewis]] (b. 1888 – d. 1970)
* 1 April 1946 – 15 August 1947 Sir [[Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi]] (b. 1893 – d. 1981)

=== Prime Ministers of Orissa ===
{{Main|Prime Minister of Orissa}}
* 1 April 1937 – 19 July 1937 [[Krushna Chandra Gajapati|Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo]] (b. 1892 – d. 1974) Non-party (1st time)
*19 Jul 1937 – 4 November 1939 [[Bishwanath Das]] (b. 1889 – d. 1984) INC
* 4 November 1939 – 24 November 1941 Governor's Rule
*24 Nov 1941 – 29 June 1944 Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo (s.a.) Non-party (2nd time)
*29 Jun 1944 – 23 April 1946 Governor's Rule
*23 Apr 1946 – 15 August 1947 [[Harekrushna Mahatab]] (b. 1899 – d. 1987) INC

==See also==
*[[Eastern States Agency]]
*[[Orissa Tributary States]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{coord|20.30|N|85.30|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}
{{Presidencies and provinces of British India}}

[[Category:Provinces of British India]]
[[Category:History of Odisha]]
[[Category:Bengal Presidency]]

Orissa Province - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article