>Lieutcoluseng: /* Governor of Madras */ Copyedit (minor)

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Governor of Madras: Copyedit (minor)

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{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = The Lord Ampthill
| honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCSI|JP|DL}}
| image = Oliver Russell 2nd Baron Ampthill.jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| order1 = [[Viceroy of India]] (acting)
| term_start1 = 30 April 1904
| term_end1 = 13 December 1904
| predecessor1 = [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|The Lord Curzon of Kedleston]]
| successor1 = [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|The Lord Curzon of Kedleston]]
| order2 = [[Governor of Madras]]
| term_start2 = 15 October 1900
| term_end2 = 30 April 1904
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 = [[James Thompson (British civil servant)|Sir James Thompson]] (acting)
| governor-general2= [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|The Lord Curzon of Kedleston]]
| term_start3 = 13 December 1904
| term_end3 = 15 February 1906
| predecessor3 = [[James Thompson (British civil servant)|Sir James Thompson]] (acting)
| successor3 = [[Sir Gabriel Stokes]] (acting)
| governor-general3 = [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1869|02|19}}
| birth_place = [[Rome]], [[Italy]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1935|07|07|1869|02|19}}
| death_place = United Kingdom
| nationality = British
| party = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Margaret Russell, Baroness Ampthill|Margaret (née Lygon)]]|1894|1935}}
| children = 5
}}

'''Arthur Oliver Villiers Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|GCSI|GCIE|JP|DL}} (19 February 1869 – 7 July 1935) was a British peer, [[Rowing (sport)|rower]], and civil servant. He served as [[Governor of Madras]] from October 1900 to February 1906, and as acting [[Viceroy of India]] from April to December 1904.

Russell served as the Assistant Private Secretary to [[Joseph Chamberlain]] from 1895 -1897, and as Private Secretary to the same from 1897 to 1900, when he was appointed Governor of Madras. Russell also served as the Viceroy of India from April 1904 to December 1904, when [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]] periodically returned to England.

==Early life==
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2016}}
Arthur Oliver Villiers Russell was born on 19 February 1869 in [[Rome]].{{ref|spy}} He was the eldest son of the [[Odo Russell, 1st Baron Ampthill|1st Baron Ampthill]], and Lady Emily Theresa (née Villiers), who was Lady of the Bedchamber to [[Queen Victoria]] and daughter of the 4th [[Earl of Clarendon]]. Russell succeeded to the barony of Ampthill at the age of 15 on the death of his father. He was educated at Chignell's, [[Eton College]], and [[New College, Oxford]], from which he graduated in 1892 with a third-class honours in modern history. His entry in ''Vanity Fair'' noted of him:
{{quotation|He is a very tall, very agreeable, and good-looking young man, with a long, strong back, which is worth much in a boat. He is a [[Freemason]] and a [[Liberal Unionist]], though he has not yet become famous in the House of Lords. He intends to devote himself to the management of Foreign Affairs. He can shoot. He has many friends who call him "Dick."''{{ref|spy}}}}
[[File:New College garden front Oxford England.jpg|thumb|Russell was educated at [[New College, Oxford]]]]

==Politics==
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2016}}
In 1895, Russell was appointed Assistant Secretary to the Colonial Secretary, [[Joseph Chamberlain]]: in 1897, he was promoted to Private Secretary, but did not continue in this position as a consequence of his sympathy with the natives of South- and East- Africa, and of India. During the First World War, Lord Ampthill commanded a battalion of the Leicestershire Regiment, and two battalions of the Bedfordshire Regiment in France.

==Governor of Madras==
[[File:Raja Ravi Varma, Lord Ampthill (1905).jpg|thumb|left|The Lord Ampthill in Masonic regalia by [[Raja Ravi Varma]]]]
Russell was appointed Governor of the [[Madras Presidency]] on 5{{nbsp}}September 1900,<ref name="nytimes_appointment">{{cite news|title=New Governor of Madras|date=6 September 1900|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/09/06/102635964.pdf|work=The New York Times}}</ref> when he was aged 31 years. He served in this position from 1900 to 1906: his tenure was almost contemporaneous with [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon's]] Viceregality. As Governor of Madras, Ampthill he inaugurated the King Institute in Madras; the [[Rangaraya Medical College]] in [[Cocanada]], on 4 December 1903; and the [[Cochin State Forest Tramway]], the latter on 3{{nbsp}}October 1905.<ref name="cochintramway">{{cite web|title=A Journal of the Cochin State Forest Tramway|url=http://www.irfca.org/articles/CochinStateForestTramwayJournal.doc}}</ref> During Russell's tenure, sympathy for the [[Oriya Movement]] for the creation of a separate province of Orissa increased: Russell opposed the demands for the separation of the Oriya-speaking tracts of Vizagapatam and Ganjam districts from Madras.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}

==Viceroy of India==
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2016}}
When Lord Curzon's tenure came to an end in 1904, Russell was chosen to act as the Viceroy of India until the appointment of a new Viceroy. Russell served from April to December 1904 as Viceroy of India. During his tenure, the proponents of a separate province of Orissa submitted a petition to this effect to Russell. However, Russell rejected all demands to create a separate province of Orissa and include areas from Madras Presidency in it.

As Viceroy, Russell was loyal to Curzon and successfully countered the efforts of [[St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton]], the [[Secretary of State for India]], who wanted to introduce anti-Curzon policies. However, he was unsuccessful against [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], who tightened his stranglehold over the military department.

==Later life==
{{refimprove section|date=March 2016}}
On returning to England in 1906, Russell took up the cause of Indians in South Africa. He chaired an advisory committee on Indian students in the United Kingdom but disagreed with the [[Secretary of State for India]] [[John Morley]] on the issue of constitutional reforms. In 1909, Russell wrote an introduction to Joseph Doke's book ''M. K. Gandhi: an Indian Patriot in South Africa''.

On 13{{nbsp}}July 1909, Lord Ampthill was appointed a [[Deputy Lieutenant]] of [[Bedfordshire]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28272|page=5541|date=20 July 1909}}</ref> He then went on to fight in the [[First World War]], during which he was twice [[mentioned in despatches]], and was one of the co-founders of the [[National Party (UK, 1917)|National Party]] in 1917. He retired from the service in 1926 with the rank of [[colonel]]. Lord Ampthill was President of [[The Magic Circle (organisation)|The Magic Circle]].

==Death==
Lord Ampthill died of pneumonia 7{{nbsp}}July 1935, a day before [[Guy Nickalls|Nickalls]], prompting the following anonymous epigram among the various tributes in ''The Times'':
<blockquote>
''Oarsmen they lived, and silver goblets mark''
<br>''The well-timed prowess of their trusty blades:''
<br>''In death their rhythm kept, they now embark''
<br>''To row their long last course among the Shades''{{ref|Times}}
</blockquote>

==Family==
On 6 October 1894, Ampthill married Lady [[Margaret Russell, Baroness Ampthill|Margaret Lygon]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Margaret Russell (née Lygon), Lady Ampthill (1874–1957), Wife of 2nd Baron Ampthill; daughter of the 6th Earl Beauchamp|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp54488|publisher=[[National Portrait Gallery, London]]}}</ref> the daughter of the [[Frederick Lygon, 6th Earl Beauchamp|6th Earl Beauchamp]] in [[Madresfield]], Worcestershire, and they had five children:
* [[John Russell, 3rd Baron Ampthill]] (1896–1973)
* Adm Hon. [[Sir Guy Russell]] (1898–1977)
* Hon. Phyllis Margaret Russell, OBE (3 June 1900 – c. 24 May 1998)
* Wg Cdr Hon. Edward Wriothesley Curzon Russell, OBE (2 June 1901 – 1982).
* Brig Hon. Leopold Oliver Russell, CBE, TD (26 January 1907 – 1988)

He was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son, [[John Russell, 3rd Baron Ampthill|John Russell]].

==Rowing==
{{refimprove section|date=March 2016}}
[[File:Ampthill Lord Vanity Fair 1891-03-21.jpg|thumb|upright|Caricature of Arthur Russell as OUBC president by [[Leslie Ward|Spy]] in [[Vanity Fair (British magazine)|Vanity Fair]], 1891]]
[[File:Équipe d'Oxford en 1890.jpg|thumb|right|Ampthill with the 1890 Oxford rowing team]]

Lord Ampthill started rowing at Eton. His record of rowing was one of the longest of his time at Eton and he first had an oar in the Dreadnought on 1 March 1885, going on to be Captain of the Boats in 1887 and 1888.{{ref|Eton}}

Whilst at New College, Oxford Ampthill rowed for [[Oxford University Boat Club|Oxford]] three times against [[Cambridge University Boat Club|Cambridge]] in [[the Boat Race]] (1889 to 1891), winning twice. He was president of both [[Oxford University Boat Club|OUBC]]{{ref|oxcam}} and the [[Oxford Union]] in 1891. After Oxford, he rowed for [[Leander Club]] for a short while then moved to [[London Rowing Club]], becoming club president in 1893{{ref|LRC}}, a position he remained in for almost 40 years until his death in 1935.

Ampthill raced in the [[Ladies' Challenge Plate]] at [[Henley Royal Regatta]] for Eton in 1886, 1887 and 1888. In 1889 he raced both the [[Grand Challenge Cup]] and the [[Silver Goblets & Nickalls' Challenge Cup|Silver Goblets]], losing in the final of the latter by 2-foot to [[Cambridge University Boat Club|CUBC]] in a race which the Henley records for the year describe as "One of the best and closest races ever seen" {{ref|hrr}}. In 1890 he again competed in both events, this time racing under New College colours, and collected his first Henley medal, rowing with [[Guy Nickalls]] in the Goblets.

In 1891, racing this time as Leander, Lord Ampthill was in the crew which won the [[Grand Challenge Cup]], setting a new course record. He also repeated his Goblets win, again with Guy Nickalls. Lord Ampthill was elected a Steward of Henley Royal Regatta in 1896, a role he performed until 1900 then again from 1910 until 1927. {{ref|hrr2}}

===Henley wins===
*1890 – [[Silver Goblets & Nickalls' Challenge Cup|Silver Goblets]] (rowing as New College Oxford, with Guy Nickalls)
*1891 – [[Grand Challenge Cup]] (rowing as Leander Club)
*1891 – [[Silver Goblets & Nickalls' Challenge Cup|Silver Goblets]] (rowing as Leander Club, with Guy Nickalls)

== International Olympic Committee ==
Between 1894 and 1898, Lord Ampthill was a member of the original [[International Olympic Committee]].

==Freemasonry==
Ampthill was initiated into [[Apollo University Lodge]] No. 357, Oxford, in 1890. He went on to take the chair in several lodges, including Bard of Avon Lodge No. 778, Hampton Court; Royal Alpha Lodge No. 16, London; and Grand Master's Lodge No. 1, London. He was appointed Provincial Grand Master of Bedfordshire in 1900 and as District Grand Master of Madras from 1901 to 1906.{{ref|masons}} He served as [[Pro Grand Master]] of [[United Grand Lodge of England]] from 1908 until his death in 1935.<ref name="Oxford DNB">{{cite web|last1=Prior|first1=Katherine|title=Russell, (Arthur) Oliver Villiers, second Baron Ampthill (1869–1935)|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35874|website=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=4 December 2014|date=January 2008}}</ref>

Lodge Ampthill No.3682 was consecrated in his name in 1914, and continues to meet in [[Coimbatore]], India, under the District Grand Lodge of Madras of [[United Grand Lodge of England]]. Its celebrated its Centenary year in 2014.

==Honours==
After his appointment as Governor of Madras, Russell was appointed a [[Order of the Indian Empire|Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] (GCIE) on 28 December 1900,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27260|date=28 December 1900|page=8754}}</ref> shortly before his departure for India. He was later appointed a [[Order of the Star of India|Knight Grand Commander of the Star of India]] (GCSI) on 2 September 1904.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}

==See also==
*[[List of Oxford University Boat Race crews]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
* {{note|hrr}} {{cite book|first=HT|last=Steward|title=Records of Henley Royal Regatta|year=1903}}
* {{note|Eton}} {{cite book|first=Eric |last=Parker|title=Eton in the 'eighties|url=https://archive.org/details/etonineighties00parkrich |year= 1914|page=[https://archive.org/details/etonineighties00parkrich/page/92 92]}}
* {{note|oxcam}} {{cite book|first=Gordon |last=Ross|title=The Boat Race|year= 1957}}
* {{note|spy}} {{citation|newspaper=Vanity Fair|title=Spy|date=21 March 1891}}
* {{note|LRC}} {{cite book|first=Chris |last=Dodd|title=Water Boiling Aft, London Rowing Club the first 150 years|year=2006|page=104}}
* {{note|hrr2}} {{cite book|first=Richard |last=Burnell|title=Henley Royal Regatta, a celebration of 150 years|year=1989|page=213}}
* {{note|masons}} {{cite book|title=Representative British Freemasons|year= 2003|pages=12–13|author=Anonymous|isbn=978-0766135895}}
* {{note|Times}} {{citation|title=none|newspaper=The Times|date=17 July 1935|page=16d}}
* {{cite book|last1=Kidd|first1=Charles|last2=Williamson|first2=David |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage|edition=1990 |publisher=New York: St Martin's Press|year=1990|isbn=0-333-38847-X}}
* The ''London Gazette''
* ''The New York Times'', 2 December 1906, p. 1

==External links==
{{Commons category|Oliver Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill}}
*{{cite web | title=thePeerage.com | url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p6855.htm#i68546 | access-date=11 August 2007}}
*{{cite web| title=The rowers of Vanity Fair | url=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/The_Rowers_of_Vanity_Fair/Ampthill_Lord |access-date=1 March 2008}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box | title=[[Governor of Madras]] | before=[[Arthur Havelock]] | after=[[Sir Gabriel Stokes]] (acting) | years=1900–1906}}
{{succession box | title=[[Viceroy of India]], ''acting'' | before=[[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|The Lord Curzon of Kedleston]] | after=[[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|The Lord Curzon of Kedleston]] | years=1904}}
{{s-npo|mason}}
{{succession box | title=[[United Grand Lodge of England|Pro Grand Master of the<br>United Grand Lodge of England]] | before=[[William Amherst, 3rd Earl Amherst|The Earl Amherst]] | after= [[Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood|The Earl of Harewood]]|years=1908–1935}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{succession box | title=[[Baron Ampthill]] | before=[[Odo Russell, 1st Baron Ampthill|Odo Russell]] | after=[[John Russell, 3rd Baron Ampthill|John Russell]] | years=1884–1935}}
{{s-end}}
{{Viceroys of India}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampthill, Oliver Russell, 2nd Baron}}
[[Category:Alumni of New College, Oxford]]
[[Category:English male rowers]]
[[Category:British male rowers]]
[[Category:Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment officers]]
[[Category:Royal Leicestershire Regiment officers]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Deputy Lieutenants of Bedfordshire]]
[[Category:Governors of Madras]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:1869 births]]
[[Category:1935 deaths]]
[[Category:Stewards of Henley Royal Regatta|Russell, Oliver]]
[[Category:Russell family|O]]
[[Category:International Olympic Committee members]]
[[Category:Ampthill]]
[[Category:Members of Leander Club]]
[[Category:Oxford University Boat Club rowers]]
[[Category:Freemasons of the United Grand Lodge of England]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Oxford Union]]
[[Category:Eldest sons of barons]]

Oliver Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill - Revision history

>Lieutcoluseng: /* Governor of Madras */ Copyedit (minor)