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{{Short description|Species of pheasant like birds}}
{{other uses|Quail (disambiguation)}}
{{Taxobox
| name = Old World Quail
| image = Brown Quail.jpg
| image_caption = [[Brown quail]], ''Synoicus ypsilophorus''
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Galliformes]]
| familia = [[Phasianidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Pavoninae]]
| tribus = [[Coturnicini]]
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = ''[[Synoicus]]''<br>
''[[Coturnix]]''<br>
''[[Perdicula]]''<br>
''[[Ophrysia]]'' (possibly extinct)
| tribus_authority = [[Ludwig Reichenbach|Reichenbach]], 1848
}}
[[File:The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Quail trap.jpg|thumb|A quail trap from Malaysia, also known as the ''jebak puyuh'': A female quail was placed in the woven container behind the netting. As the female called out, a male mate would approach and then the trap would fall on him. Quails are now rarely found in the wild in Malaysia, so such devices now serve as decoration.<ref name=CMI1>{{cite web|last=Phillips|first=Lori Byrd|title=Wikipedia Image of the Week #2|url=http://www.childrensmuseum.org/blog/wikipedian-in-residence/wikipedia-image-of-the-week-2|work=Wikipedia in Residence|publisher=Children's Museum of Indianapolis|access-date=31 March 2012|date=March 8, 2012}}</ref>]]

'''Old World quail''' is a collective name for several [[genera]] of mid-sized [[bird]]s in the tribe [[Coturnicini]] of the [[pheasant]] family [[Phasianidae]]. Although all species commonly referred to as "Old World quail" are in the same tribe, they are [[Paraphyly|paraphyletic]] with respect to the other members of the tribe, such as ''[[Alectoris]], [[Tetraogallus]]'', ''[[Ammoperdix]]'', ''[[Madagascar partridge|Margaroperdix]]'', and ''[[Pternistis]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Galliformes|url=http://www.bird-phylogeny.de/superorders/galloanseres/galliformes/|access-date=2021-08-21|website=bird-phylogeny|language=de-DE}}</ref>

[[New World quail]] are also found in the [[Galliformes]], but are not in the same family ([[Odontophoridae]]). [[Buttonquail]]s are not closely related at all, but are named for their similar appearance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beautyofbirds.com/quailinfo.html|title=Quail Information, including listing of species and photos|work=Beauty Of Birds}}</ref> They are presently placed in the family [[Turnicidae]] of the [[Charadriiformes]], classified as shorebirds.

The [[collective noun]] for a group of quail is ''[[flock (birds)|flock]]'', ''bevy'' or ''covey''.<ref>[http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/about/faqs/animals/names.htm USGS – Animal Congregations, or What Do You Call a Group] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320071411/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/about/faqs/animals/names.htm |date=2015-03-20 }}</ref>

== Taxonomy ==
Old World quail may refer to the following species of Coturnicini:
*Genus ''[[Synoicus]]''
**[[Brown quail]], ''Synoicus ypsilophorus''
**[[Snow Mountain quail]], ''Synoicus monorthonyx''
**[[Blue quail]], ''Synoicus adansonii''
**[[King quail]], ''Synoicus chinensis''
*Genus ''[[Coturnix]]''
**[[Rain quail]], ''Coturnix coromandelica''
**[[Harlequin quail]], ''Coturnix delegorguei''
**[[Common quail]], ''Coturnix coturnix''
**†[[Canary Islands quail]], ''Coturnix gomerae'' (fossil)
**[[Japanese quail]], ''Coturnix japonica''
**†[[New Zealand quail]], ''Coturnix novaezelandiae'' (extinct)
**[[Stubble quail]], ''Coturnix pectoralis''
*Genus ''[[Perdicula]]''
**[[Jungle bush quail]], ''Perdicula asiatica''
**[[Rock bush quail]], ''Perdicula argoondah''
**[[Painted bush quail]], ''Perdicula erythrorhyncha''
**[[Manipur bush quail]], ''Perdicula manipurensis''
*Genus ''[[Ophrysia]]''
**[[Himalayan quail]], ''Ophrysia superciliosa'' (critically endangered/extinct)

== Behaviour ==
Old World quail are small, plump terrestrial birds. They are [[seed]] eaters, but will also take [[insect]]s and similar small prey. They nest on the ground and are capable of short, rapid bursts of flight. Some species, such as the Japanese and common quail, are [[bird migration|migratory]] and fly for long distances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Coturnix_japonica.html|title=''Coturnix japonica'' (Japanese quail)|work=Animal Diversity Web|access-date=2007-09-21}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Coturnix_coturnix.html|title=''Coturnix coturnix'' (common quail)|work=Animal Diversity Web|access-date=2007-09-21}}</ref> Some quail are farmed in large numbers. The [[Common quail|common]] and [[Japanese quail|Japanese]] (or coturnix) quail are both raised for table meat or to produce eggs. They are also readily [[hunting|hunted]], often artificially stocked on game farms or to supplement wild populations.

Migrating common quail are known to eat some poisonous seeds with no apparent ill effects but store the poison in their body fat, poisoning people who subsequently eat these birds; this condition is known as "[[coturnism]]".<ref>Coturnism: Human Poisoning By European Migratory Quail Journal of Cultural Geography Volume 7, Issue 2, 1987, Pages 51 – 65 Authors: David C. Lewisa; Elizabeth Metallinos-Katzarasb; Louis E. Grivettic {{doi|10.1080/08873638709478507}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons}}
*{{Wiktionary-inline|quail}}

{{Birds}}
{{Phasianidae}}

[[Category:Coturnicini]]
[[Category:Quails]]
[[Category:Bird common names]]

Old World quail - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article