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{{Distinguish|Hyderabad district, India}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Old City, Hyderabad
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Walled City
| image_skyline = A_typical_charminar_evening.jpg
| image_alt = Panorama showing the [[Charminar]], [[Mecca Masjid]], [[Government Nizamia General Hospital|Nizamia Hospital]] and surrounding bazaars.
| image_caption = Panorama showing the [[Charminar]], [[Mecca Masjid]], [[Government Nizamia General Hospital|Nizamia Hospital]] and surrounding bazaars.
| nickname = City of Pearls, City of Minars,<ref name="Ababu Minda Yimene">{{cite book| title=An African Indian community in Hyderabad: Siddi identity, its maintenance| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DigPvwHTqJ4C&q=hyderabad+city+of+minarets&pg=PA1| publisher=cuvillier verlag| page=1| author=Ababu Minda Yimene| isbn=3-86537-206-6| year=2004| access-date=5 October 2011}}</ref> City of Lakes<ref name="International Geographical Union">{{cite book| title=Urban changes in different scales: systems and structures| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQxe3HcB9AAC&q=hyderabad+city+of+lakes&pg=PA611| publisher=University Santiago de Compostela| page=611| author=Rubén Camilo Lois González| isbn=84-9750-639-1| year=2006| access-date=5 October 2011}}</ref>
| pushpin_map = India Telangana
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Old City, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.366|N|78.476|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 1592
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|GHMC]], [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority|HMDA]]
| leader_title1 = Mayor
| leader_name1 = [[Gadwal Vijayalakshmi]], [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 260
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 536
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 500 xxx
| area_code = 91–40, 08413, 08414, 08415, 08418, 0845
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = TS 07,08,09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 22, 23, 24
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|GHMC]], Quli Qutub Shah Urban Development Authority
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Aw]] <small>([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])</small>
| website = {{URL|www.ghmc.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| leader_title2 = Commissioner
| leader_name2 = [[M. Mahender Reddy]], [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| leader_title3 = Member of Parliament
| leader_name3 = [[Asaduddin Owaisi]], [[AIMIM]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Urdu]]
| demographics1_title2 =
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|603|mm|in}}
| blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. annual temperature
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|26.0|°C|°F}}
| blank4_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank4_info_sec2 = {{convert|35.9|°C|°F}}
| blank5_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank5_info_sec2 = {{convert|23.5|°C|°F}}
}}


The '''Old City of Hyderabad''' is a walled city of [[Hyderabad, Telangana]], [[India]], located on the banks of the [[Musi River (India)|Musi River]] built by [[Qutb Shahi]] sultan [[Muhammed Quli Qutb Shah]] in 1591 AD. There used to be [[Wall of Hyderabad|a wall]] surrounding the Old City, most of which is destroyed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thequint.com/lifestyle/art-and-culture/walled-city-of-hyderabad|title=Tracing the Wall Around Hyderabad Which Took 4 Centuries to Build|work=The Quint|access-date=2018-07-30}}</ref> [[Mubariz Khan]], the Mughal governor of Deccan Subah, had fortified the city in 1712 and was completed by Nizam of Hyderabad.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FcZQvnvkbfcC&pg=PA34|title=Urban Redevelopment: A Study of High-rise Buildings|author=K. Narayan Reddy|access-date=1 March 2018}}</ref>

At the center of Old City is the [[Charminar]], and region contains major neighborhoods of the city including [[Shah Ali Banda]], [[Yakutpura]], [[Dabirpura]], [[Afzal Gunj]], [[Moghalpura]], [[Malakpet]] and [[Falaknuma]]. Today, [[Hyderabad]] has expanded far beyond the boundaries of the Old City, and the crowded Old City remains the symbolic heart of cosmopolitan Hyderabad along with [[HITEC City]].<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web|url=http://www.hyderabad-india.org.in/old_city.php |title=The Old City |publisher=Hyderabad, India |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.india-seminar.com/2008/585/585_rani_sarma.htm 585 Rani Sarma, Diwan Deodi]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-today-survey-on-best-cities-of-country-hyderabad/1/251324.html|title=Hyderabad: Colossal Gloss in City of Boom}}</ref> The area is a tourism hotspot, and the heart of [[Hyderabadi Muslims|Hyderabadi Muslim]] culture. 

==Wall==
[[File:Dabeerpura_Darwaza.jpg|thumb|left|''Dabeerpura Darwaza'', one of the thirteen gateways.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/khidki-and-darwaza-hyderabad-564701/|title=The "Khidki" and "Darwaza" of Hyderabad {{!}} The Siasat Daily|website=archive.siasat.com|access-date=2018-10-13}}</ref>]]
{{main|Wall of Hyderabad}}
There used to be a granite wall surrounding the old city. The wall was constructed during the 17th and 18th centuries, during the [[Qutb Shahi]], [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] and [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Asaf Jahi]] periods. The wall had thirteen gateways called ''darwazas'' and thirteen smaller entrances called ''khirkis''.

Much of the wall was destroyed during the [[Great Musi Flood of 1908]], and also demolished by the Government in the 1950s and 1960s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/the-vanishing-walls-of-hyderabad/article7597515.ece|title=The vanishing walls of Hyderabad|last=Singh|first=T. Lalith|date=2015-08-31|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-07-30|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Today, only two gates still stand – the ''Purana Pul Darwaza'' and the ''Dabeerpura Darwaza'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/dabeerpura-darwaza-freed-of-encroachments/articleshow/64943148.cms|title=Dabeerpura Darwaza freed of encroachments - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/Dabeerpura-Darwaza-a-sentinel-of-the-past/article11185423.ece|title=Dabeerpura Darwaza: a sentinel of the past|last=Khan|first=Asif Yar|date=2014-08-04|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-10-13|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and nothing except a few portions remains of the wall.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://telanganatoday.com/doorways-rich-past-golconda|title=Doorways to a rich past|last=Varma|first=Dr. Anand Raj|work=Telangana Today|access-date=2018-10-13}}</ref>

==Landmarks==
[[File:Charminar-Pride of Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|left|Charminar at Old City]]
[[File:Falak palace.jpg|thumb|right|Falaknuma Palace]]
[[File:Hyderabadmuseum.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Salar Jung Museum]] is reputed to contain the world's largest one-man collection]]

As the historical region of Hyderabad, the old city contains many landmark buildings including [[Charminar]] (literally "four minarets"), a structure built on the spot where [[Quli Qutb Shah]] prayed for the end to a plague epidemic.

The [[Qutb Shahi]] era structures surrounding the [[Charminar]] include an ornamented granite mosque [[Mecca Masjid]] to the southwest, and the [[Gulzar Houz]] fountain to the north, which is surrounded by four arch-gateways called [[Char Kaman]].

[[Asaf Jahi dynasty|Asaf Jahi]] monuments near the [[Charminar]] include the [[Mahboob Chowk Clock Tower]] and [[Government Nizamia General Hospital|Nizamia Hospital]]. The [[Chowmahalla Palace]] was the seat of the Asaf Jahi dynasty where the Nizam entertained his official guests and royal visitors.

[[Nizam Museum|H.E.H The Nizams Museum]], Purani Haveli. Home to the famous wardrobe of [[Mahboob Ali Khan|Mahbub Ali Pasha]], who is said never to have worn the same thing twice, it is the world's longest wardrobe, built in two levels with a hand-cranked wooden lift. The device occupies the entire length of one wing of the palace.

The [[Purani Haveli]] was originally the palace of the Nizam's Parents, later renovated to become the quarters of the Nizam's son. It is a U-shaped complex with a single-story building in the European style.

[[Madina, Hyderabad|Madina building]], a few hundred meters North of [[Charminar]], is one of the oldest commercial suburbs in the city opened in 1947 on the premises of the Aladdin Wakf. Abdul Boot House was one of oldest and renowned shops at Madina Market. Before the discovery of oil in that country, Hyderabad was richer than [[Saudi Arabia]] and the rents received from the area's buildings were sent to Saudi Arabia to help poor Muslims in [[Medina]].

The [[Salar Jung Museum]] at the bank of the River [[Musi River (India)|Musi]] contains the since augmented collections of [[Mir Yousuf Ali Khan, Salar Jung III|Salar Jung III]] former Prime Ministers of Hyderabad. The museum is reputed to be the world's largest one-man collection.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.experienceindiatravel.com/cities-of-india/south-india-cities-of-india/hyderabad|title=The glorious city of Hyderabad » Extraordinary Experiences|date=18 February 2009|publisher=Experienceindiatravel.com|access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref> Nearby are the historic [[High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad|Hyderabad High Court]] (1920), [[Osmania General Hospital]] (1919), [[State Central Library, Hyderabad|State Central Library]] (1936), [[Aza Khana-e-Zohra]] (1930) and [[City College Hyderabad|City College]] (1921).

A few hundred meters east of the [[Musi River (India)|Musi]] is [[Malakpet]]. The [[Hyderabad Race Club|Hyderabad Race Course]] was shifted here in 1886, by [[Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI|Asaf Jah VI]] near his palace, the [[Mahbub Mansion]]. The [[Asman Garh Palace]] and [[Raymond's Tomb]] are also located at [[Malakpet]].

About six kilometers south of [[Charminar]], is the [[Falaknuma Palace]]. Built by [[Viqar-ul-Umra|Viqar ul-Umra]] in 1872, the [[Falaknuma Palace]] is noted for its architecture and is the most opulent of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam's]] palaces.

Other mosques in the region include the 300-year-old [[Toli Masjid]] renowned for its architecture, and Pahaday Sharif, where 400 stairs brings visitors to a place of worship built by the [[Nizam]]s.

At the far east of Old City is [[Mir Alam Tank]], the largest lake in the old city and the site of the [[Nehru Zoological Park]], a {{convert|300|acre|km2}} area filled with various species of birds and animals. The tank is named after its builder Mir Alam, [[List of Prime Ministers of Hyderabad State|Prime Minister of Hyderabad]], and comprises a one-mile bund with 21 semi-circular arches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hyderabad.org.uk/excursions/mir-alam-tank.html |title=Mir Alam Tank Hyderabad – Mir Alam Tank in Hyderabad India – Tour to Mir Alam Tank of Hyderabad |publisher=Hyderabad.org.uk |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>

==University==
Built during the period of the last Nizam, [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]], the [[Osmania University]] has an imposing facade. After the Independence of India, the city has seen rapid growth in educational institutions, providing many facilities for their students. It also has a number of engineering colleges with proper facilities for the students.

== Culture ==
The city has a distinct culture showing Islamic influences and a courtly presence resulting from its period as the capital of the [[Nizams]], which is more evident in the old city.[[File:India food.jpg|thumb|[[Hyderabadi Biryani]]|right]]

===Cuisine===
The old city has many restaurants offering [[Hyderabadi cuisine]] which is noted for its use of spices and herbs. The food is prepared using different types of spices, in which each spice adds a special taste to the food with a modern touch, while preserving the traditional quality of the food. The most famous dishes of Hyderabad are [[Hyderabadi Biryani]] and [[Hyderabadi Haleem]], which are served with great delight. Pista House, Bawarchi, Cafe Bahar, Masterchef, 555, Sheraton Cafe are popularly known for Haleem. Shadab Hotel is famous for serving some of the best biryani in the city.

===Language===
[[Urdu]] is the primary language spoken in the old city area, and was the official language of the [[Hyderabad State]] under the [[Nizam]]s in 1884 AD.<ref>[http://www.india-seminar.com/2008/585/585_narendra_luther.htm 585 Narendra Luther, Bridging two cultures] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124003855/http://www.india-seminar.com/2008/585/585_narendra_luther.htm|date=24 November 2010}}</ref> The most common dialect of [[Urdu]] spoken by the largely Muslim population is known as [[Dakhni dialect|Dakkhani or Deccani]] (meaning "language of the Deccan"). [[Telugu language|Telugu]] is also widely spoken and understood.

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of Hyderabad}}
As per [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/no-hot-spurring/290419|title=The Hyderabad Lok Sabha, with all of seven assembly segments, has an electorate of which 65 per cent belong to the minorities—Muslims chiefly.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://inwww.rediff.com/news/2007/aug/28sheela.htm|title=In Hyderabad, a tale of two cities}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/christians-third-largest-community-in-old-city-after-muslims-hindus/articleshow/56154133.cms|title=Christians third largest community in Old City after Muslims, Hindus}}</ref> The overall population of [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad district]] is 39.43 lakhs, where Hindus are 20.46 lakhs (51.89%) and Muslims are 17.13 lakhs (43.35%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Muslim-population-stabilizing-in-Hyderabad/articleshow/48689535.cms|title='Muslim population 'stabilizing' in Hyderabad'}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/Christian-women-outnumber-men-study/article14005146.ece|title=Christian women outnumber men: study}}</ref>

==Transport==
The old city is well connected by railway, road, and air. Auto rickshaws are available for getting around the city at reasonable rates while [[TSRTC]] city buses circulate within the city and also travel to the nearby towns and villages. [[Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station]] is in Old City, Hyderabad and the nearest railway station is [[Hyderabad Deccan Station]], which offers good connections with the rest of [[India]]. The newly developed Shamshabad [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]] lies {{Convert|6|to|8|km}} from the old city.
[[File:Hotel Madina Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|Madina building near [[Charminar]]]]

==Bazaars==
[[File:Laadbazar.jpg|thumb|165px|left|A store at [[Laad Bazaar]] selling bangles and jewellery. The Laadbazar and the Charminar market area are well known for pearls.]] [[Sarojini Naidu]] describes the [[Bazaar]]s of Hyderabad in her poem ''In The Bazaars of Hyderabad''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.english-for-students.com/In-The-Bazaars-of-Hyderabad.html |title=In The Bazaars of Hyderabad: English Poems: English Poems for Kids |publisher=English-for-students.com |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>
Hyderabad has been a trading center for centuries and the bazaars of the old city are world-renowned for their pearls, diamonds, and bangles.

<nowiki> </nowiki>The street leading from Charminar to the square on the west is known as [[Laad Bazaar]] and is the bridalwear shopping market of the old city. Hyderabadi glass bangles known as ''Sona Bai'' are available here. This colourful shopping market of the old city is tucked away in one of the streets leading off from the Charminar. Bangles, bridalwear, pearls, [[Ittar|Attar]] (perfume) and the traditional Hyderabadi glass and stone studded bangles are all sold here.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hyderabad.co.uk/attractions.htm |title=Hyderabad on the Net: Other Attractions |publisher=Hyderabad.co.uk |access-date=9 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107073802/http://www.hyderabad.co.uk/attractions.htm |archive-date=7 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hyderabadspider.com/resources/2289-Lad-Bazar-the-bangle-market-near-Charminar.aspx |title=Lad Bazar..the bangle market near Charminar |publisher=Hyderabadspider.com |date=15 December 2009 |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125091635/http://www.hyderabadspider.com/resources/2289-Lad-Bazar-the-bangle-market-near-Charminar.aspx |archive-date=25 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=asiarooms.com |url=http://www.asiarooms.com/en/travel-guide/india/hyderabad/things-to-do-in-hyderabad/where-to-shop-in-hyderabad/lad-bazar-hyderabad.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817034641/http://www.asiarooms.com/en/travel-guide/india/hyderabad/things-to-do-in-hyderabad/where-to-shop-in-hyderabad/lad-bazar-hyderabad.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=17 August 2010 |title=Lad Bazar Hyderabad Shopping in Hyderabad India Shopping Malls in Hyderabad |publisher=Asiarooms.com |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref> The [[Madina, Hyderabad|Madina Market]] also known as [[Madina, Hyderabad]] is known for its wholesale cloth market providing goods from the regions of [[Telangana]], northern [[Karnataka]], and [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hyderabadcityhotels.com/hyderabad_shopping.html |title=Top 10 Hyderabad Shopping Destinations – Hyderabad City Visitors Guide – Tourism |publisher=Hyderabadcityhotels.com |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>

The markets of Charminar's [[Gulzar House]] are favoured for the gold, diamonds, and pearls with which Hyderabad is synonymous. Cultured pearls studded in gold and silver jewellery of intricate design are a speciality. Pearls come in many shapes and of particular interest is the 'rice-pearl' – a tiny variety. There is also the precious "Basra"; a pearl unmatched in lustre, color, and price which is available in select stores. The pearls are sold in strings or raw by weight.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clickindia.com/detail.php?id=5241052 |title=One Of The Greatest Jewellery Shop – Gold Jewelry,hyderabad,India Classifieds 5241052 |publisher=Clickindia.com |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref>

== Problems ==
As the Old City is the oldest part of [[Hyderabad]], is known for being neglected. It has a crumbling infrastructure, and faces issues such as heavy traffic,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/100618/traffic-slowdown-due-to-ramzan-in-old-city.html|title=Traffic slowdown due to Ramzan in Old city|date=2018-06-10|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2018-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/peak-hour-jams-frustrate-commuters-in-old-city/articleshow/65018945.cms|title=Peak-hour jams frustrate commuters in Old City - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-30}}</ref> [[water scarcity]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/270418/hyderabad-water-scarcity-haunts-old-city.html|title=Hyderabad: Water scarcity haunts Old City|date=2018-04-27|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2018-07-30}}</ref> poor waste management<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/stink-alert-residents-in-old-city-say-street-corners-are-dumpyards/articleshow/64630976.cms|title=Stink alert: Residents in Old City say street corners are dumpyards - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-30}}</ref> and poor maintenance of buildings.
Many heritage structures in the area are also dilapidated and in need of restoration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hyderabad-Tab/2017-12-02/Facelift-for-heritage-structures-in-Old-City/342563|title=Facelift for heritage structures in Old City|website=The Hans India|access-date=2018-07-30}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="160" heights="190" perrow="5">
File:Unani HospitalBuilding.jpg|[[Government Nizamia General Hospital]]
File:Magnificent Chowmahalla Palace.jpg|[[Chowmahalla Palace]]
File:Osmania hospital..JPG|[[Osmania General Hospital]]
File:High court of hyderabad.jpg|[[Hyderabad High Court]]
File:AsmanGharPalast Hyderabad-Mallapet ca1900.jpeg|Asman Gadh Palace of [[Paigah (Hyderabad)|Paigah]] Nawab
File:Market Hyderabad.jpg|Mir Alam Mandi, A vegetable market in Old City Hyderabad.
File:Hyderabad from Char Minar.jpg|A view of Old City from the top of [[Charminar]].
File:Dabeerpura Darwaza.jpg|Gate to the walled city of [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
File:Laad Bazaar2.jpg|Copper household utensils shop in [[Laad Bazaar]]
File:Charminar Mecca View.jpg|View from Mecca Masjid.
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Hyderabad}}

* [[Hyderabad state]]
* [[List of tourist attractions in Hyderabad]]
* [[List of million-plus cities in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Old City (Hyderabad, India)}}

[[Category:History of Hyderabad, India]]

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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|Hyderabad}}~~

	* [[Hyderabad state]]		* [[Hyderabad state]]

Old City (Hyderabad, India) - Revision history

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

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