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{{Short description|Indian Earth observation satellite}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Oceansat-2
| names_list = OceanSat-2
| image = Oceansat.jpg
| image_caption = Oceansat-2 satellite stowed
| image_size = 300px

| mission_type = [[Earth observation satellite|Earth observation]]<br/>[[Oceanography]]
| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| COSPAR_ID = 2009-051A
| SATCAT = 35931
| website = https://www.isro.gov.in/
| mission_duration = 5 years (planned)<br/>{{time interval|23 September 2009|show=ymd}} ''(in progress)''

| spacecraft = OceanSat-2
| spacecraft_type =
| spacecraft_bus = [[Oceansat-1]]
| manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]
| launch_mass = {{cvt|970|kg}}
| dry_mass =
| dimensions = 2.80 m x 1.98 m x 2.57 m
| power = 1360 [[watt]]s

| launch_date = 23 September 2009, 06:21 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]
| launch_rocket = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]], ([[PSLV-C14]])
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]], [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|First Launch Pad (FLP)]]
| launch_contractor = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]

| entered_service = 15 April 2010
| disposal_type =
| deactivated =
| last_contact =

| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]<ref name="n2yo">{{cite web|url=http://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=35931|title=OCEANSAT 2|publisher=N2YO.com|access-date=10 May 2021}}</ref>
| orbit_regime = [[Sun-synchronous orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis = {{cvt|728|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{cvt|731|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 98.28°
| orbit_period = 99.31 minutes
| apsis = gee

| instruments = Ocean Colour Monitor-2 (OCM-2)<br/>Radio Occultation Sounder of the Atmosphere (ROSA)<br/>OceanSat Scatterometer (OSCAT)

| programme = [[Earth observation satellite|Earth observation satellites series]]
| previous_mission = [[Oceansat-1]]
| next_mission = [[Cartosat-2B]]
}}

'''Oceansat-2''' is the second Indian satellite built primarily for ocean applications. It was a part of the [[Indian Remote Sensing Programme]] satellite series. '''Oceansat-2''' is an Indian satellite designed to provide service continuity for operational users of the Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) instrument on [[Oceansat-1]]. It will also enhance the potential of applications in other areas. The OceanSat-2 mission was approved by the [[government of India]] on 16 July 2005.<ref name="ESA">{{cite web|url=https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/o/oceansat-2|title=OceanSat-2|publisher=ESA Earth Observation Portal|date=13 May 2021|access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref>

== Objectives ==
The mission objectives of Oceansat-2 are to gather systematic data for oceanographic, coastal and atmospheric applications. The main objectives of OceanSat-2 are to study surface winds and ocean surface strata, observation of [[chlorophyll]] concentrations, monitoring of [[phytoplankton]] blooms, study of atmospheric [[aerosol]]s and suspended [[sediment]]s in the water.<ref name="ISRO">{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.org/rep2005/EOS.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419165641/http://www.isro.org/rep2005/EOS.htm|url-status=dead|title=Indian Earth Observation System|publisher=ISRO|archive-date=April 19, 2009|access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref>

Oceansat-2 is second satellite in the series of [[Indian Remote Sensing Programme|Indian Remote Sensing]] satellites dedicated to ocean research, and will provide continuity to the applications of Oceansat-1 (launched in 1999). Oceansat-2 carried three instruments including an Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM-2), similar to the device carried on Oceansat-1. Data from all instruments are made available to the global scientific community after the post-launch sensor characterization, which is expected to be completed within 6 months of the launch.

Oceansat-2 carry three instruments for ocean-related studies, namely, Ocean Colour Monitor-2 (OCM-2), an OceanSat Scatterometer by [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO), and an instrument called ROSA (Radio Occultation Sounder of the Atmosphere) developed by the [[Italian Space Agency]] (ASI). The major applications of data from Oceansat-2 are the identification of potential fishing zones, sea state forecasting, coastal zone studies, and inputs for [[weather forecasting]] and climatic studies.

== Instruments ==
The scientific payload contains three instruments. Two are Indian ([[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]) and one is from the [[Italian Space Agency]] (ASI).

* '''Ocean Colour Monitor-2 (OCM-2)''' is an 8-band multi-spectral camera operating in the [[Visible spectrum|Visible]] – [[Near-infrared spectroscopy]] spectral range. This camera provides an instantaneous geometric field of view of 360 metres and a swath of 1420 km. OCM-2 can be tilted up to +20° along track.
* '''Radio Occultation Sounder of the Atmosphere (ROSA)''' is a new [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] occultation receiver provided by Italian Space Agency (ASI). The objective is to characterize the lower atmosphere and the ionosphere, opening the possibilities for the development of several scientific activities exploiting these new radio occultation data sets.<ref name="Gunter"/>
* '''OceanSat Scatterometer (OSCAT)''' is an active microwave device designed and developed at ISRO/SAC, [[Ahmedabad]]. It will be used to determine ocean surface level wind vectors through estimation of radar [[backscatter]]. The [[scatterometer]] system has a 1-m parabolic dish antenna and a dual feed assembly to generate two pencil beams and is scanned at a rate of 20.5 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]] to cover the entire swath. The [[Ku band|Ku-band]] [[pencil beam]] [[scatterometer]] is an active [[microwave radar]] operating at 13.515 [[Hertz|GHz]] providing a ground resolution cell of size 50 x 50 km. It consists of a parabolic dish antenna of 1 metre diameter which is offset mounted with a cant angle of about 46° with respect to Earth viewing axis. This antenna is continuously rotated at 20.5 rpm using a scan mechanism with the scan axis along the [[Yaw (rotation)|yaw]] axis. By using two offset feeds at the focal plane of the antenna, two beams are generated which will conically scan the ground surface. The back scattered power in each beam from the ocean surface is measured to derive wind vector. It is an improved version of the one on [[Oceansat-1]].<ref name="ISRO-1">{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.org/rep2006/EOS%20System.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060411184701/http://www.isro.org/rep2006/EOS%20System.htm|url-status=dead|title=Earth Observation System|publisher=ISRO|archive-date=11 April 2006|access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref> The inner beam makes an incidence angle of 48.90° and the outer beam makes an incidence angle of 57.60° on the ground. It covers a continuous swath of 1400 km for inner beam and 1840 km for outer beam respectively. The inner and outer beams are configured in horizontal and vertical polarization respectively for both transmit and receive modes. The aim is to provide global ocean coverage and wind vector retrieval with a revisit time of 2 days.<ref name="Gunter">{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/oceansat-2.htm|title=Oceansat-2|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|date=7 July 2020|access-date=10 May 2021}}</ref>

== Launch ==
Oceansat-2 was launched from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]], [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|First Launch Pad (FLP)]] on 23 September 2009, at 06:21 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] using the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] ([[PSLV-C14]]). India successfully launched its 16th remote-sensing satellite Oceansat-2 and six nano European satellites in 1200 seconds. The 44.4-metre tall, 230-tonne Indian launch vehicle Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) freed itself from the launch pad at the spaceport and lifted itself up, lugging the 970-kg Oceansat-2 and the six nano satellites all together weighing 20 kg.

In copybook style, the launch vehicle first flung out Oceansat-2 at an altitude of 720 km above the [[Earth]] in a [[Sun-synchronous orbit]] (SSO), followed by the four nano satellites - also called [[CubeSat|Cubesats]], each weighing 1 kg. The remaining two, each weighing 8 kg, were attached to the fourth stage. Of the six nano satellites, four are from [[Germany]], one is from [[Switzerland]] and one from [[Turkey]]. The seventh is a big one, India's Oceansat-2 weighing 970 kg. Soon after the satellites were put into orbit, Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) satellite tracking centres started monitoring them. This was the 16th PSLV mission.

== Mission ==
Oceansat-2 was successfully deployed to predict the landfall and mitigate the effects of [[Cyclone Phailin]], in October 2013. The OceanSat Scatterometer (OSCAT) on Oceansat-2 has been dysfunctional since February 2014.<ref name="IE">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-building-cyclone-predicting-mini-satellite-at-sac/|title=To predict cyclone, ISRO to build advanced satellite|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=27 May 2015|access-date=10 May 2021}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[Indian Remote Sensing satellite]]
* [[List of Indian satellites]]
* [[Oceanography]]
* [[Scatterometer]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{IRS satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 2009}}

[[Category:Earth observation satellites of India]]
[[Category:ISRO satellites]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2009]]
[[Category:2009 in India]]
[[Category:Oceanographic satellites]]

Oceansat-2 - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article