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{{Short description|Indian Earth observation satellite}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Oceansat-1
| names_list = OceanSat-1 IRS-P4 Indian Remote Sensing satellite-P4
| image =
| image_caption =
| image_size = 300px

| mission_type = [[Earth observation satellite|Earth observation]] [[Oceanography]]
| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| COSPAR_ID = 1999-029A
| SATCAT = 25756
| website = https://www.isro.gov.in/
| mission_duration = 5 years (planned) 11 years (achieved)

| spacecraft = OceanSat-1
| spacecraft_type =
| spacecraft_bus = [[IRS-1A]]<ref name="GSP"/>
| manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]
| launch_mass = {{cvt|1050|kg}}
| dry_mass =
| dimensions = 2.80 m x 1.98 m x 2.57 m
| power = 750 [[watt]]s

| launch_date = 26 May 1999, 06:22 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]
| launch_rocket = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]], [[PSLV-C2]]
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]], [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|First Launch Pad (FLP)]]
| launch_contractor = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]

| entered_service = August 1999
| disposal_type =
| deactivated = 8 August 2010
| last_contact =

| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]<ref name="Trajectory"/>
| orbit_regime = [[Sun-synchronous orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis = {{cvt|719|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{cvt|730|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 98.4°
| orbit_period = 99.0 minutes
| apsis = gee

| instruments = Multi-frequency Scanning microwave radiometer (MSMR) Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) <ref name="IRS-P4">{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/03-jun-1999/ocean-colour-monitor-of-irs-p4-satellite-tested|title=Ocean Colour Monitor of IRS-P4 Satellite Tested|publisher=ISRO|date=3 June 1999|access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref>

| programme = [[Earth observation satellite|Earth observation satellites series]]
| previous_mission = [[IRS-1D]]
| next_mission = [[Oceansat-2]]
}}

'''Oceansat-1''' or '''IRS-P4''' was the first [[India]]n satellite built primarily for ocean applications. It was a part of the [[Indian Remote Sensing Programme]] satellite series. The satellite carried an Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) and a Multi-frequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR) for [[Oceanography|oceanographic studies]]. Oceansat-1 thus vastly augment the IRS satellite system of [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) comprising four satellites, [[IRS-1B]], [[IRS-1C]], [[IRS-P3]] and [[IRS-1D]] and extend remote sensing applications to several newer areas.<ref name="Oceansat">{{cite web |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/oceansatirs-p4|title=Oceansat (IRS-P4)|publisher=ISRO|date=26 May 1999|access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref>

== Launch ==
Oceansat-1 was launched by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]'s [[PSLV-C2]] along with the [[DLR-Tubsat]] of [[Germany]] and [[Kitsat-3]] of [[South Korea]] on 26 May 1999 from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad]] of [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in [[Sriharikota]], India. It was the third successful launch of [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV).<ref name="ISRO">{{cite web |url=http://isro.org/satellites/irs-p4_oceansat.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121084057/http://isro.org/satellites/irs-p4_oceansat.aspx|url-status=dead|title=IRS-P4 OceanSat|publisher=ISRO|archive-date=21 January 2013|access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref> It was the 8th satellite of the [[Indian Remote Sensing Programme]] (IRS) satellite series of India. Oceansat-1 was operated in a [[Sun-synchronous orbit]]. On 26 May 1999, it had a [[apsis|perigee]] of {{cvt|719|km}}, an [[apsis|apogee]] of {{cvt|730|km}}, an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 98.4°, and an [[orbital period]] of 99.0 minutes.<ref name="Trajectory">{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1999-029A|title=Trajectory: IRS-P4 1999-029A|publisher=NASA|date=27 April 2021|access-date=13 May 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

== Instruments ==
Oceansat-1 carried two instruments:
* Multi-frequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR), collects data by measuring [[microwave]] radiation passing through the [[atmosphere]] over the [[ocean]].<ref name="SastryEbenezer2002">{{cite book |last1=Sastry|first1=Hari Ram Subrahmanya|last2=Ebenezer|first2=D. D.|last3=Sundaram|first3=T. V. S.|title=Proceedings of the International conference on Sonar Sensors of Systems, Vol. 2|year=2002 |publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7764-382-4|page=635}}</ref> This offers information including [[sea surface temperature]], [[wind speed]], [[cloud|cloud water]] content, and [[Water vapor|water vapour]] content.<ref name="GSP"/><ref name="SastryEbenezer2002"/> MSMR monitor at 6.6 [[Hertz|GHz]].<ref name="Display"/>
* Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM), is a solid state camera literally designed primarily to monitor the colour of the ocean,<ref name="MatherKoch2010">{{cite book|last1=Mather|first1=Paul|author2=Magaly Koch |title=Computer Processing of Remotely-Sensed Images: An Introduction|date=29 December 2010|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=978-0-470-66650-0|page=45}}</ref> thereby useful for documenting [[chlorophyll]] concentration, [[phytoplankton]] blooms, [[Aerosol|atmospheric aerosols]] and [[Particulates|particulate matter]].<ref name="GSP">{{cite web |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/irs-p4.htm|title=IRS-P4 (Oceansat-1)|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|date=7 July 2020|access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref> It is capable of detecting eight [[Electromagnetic spectrum|spectrum]]s ranging from 400 [[nanometre|nm]] to 885 nm, all in the [[Visible spectrum|visible]] or [[Infrared|near infrared]] spectrums.<ref>{{cite book|title=Recent Advances In Environmental Science|date=1 January 2003|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7141-679-0|page=350}}</ref> OCM monitor globally potential fishery zones, [[ocean current]]s, and [[pollution]] and [[sediment]] inputs in the [[Coast|coastal zones]]. It operates on eight wavelength bands, providing data with a [[Swathe|swath width]] of 1420 km and at a resolution of 350 metres.<ref name="Display">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1999-029A|title=Display: IRS-P4 1999-029A|publisher=NASA|date=27 April 2021|access-date=13 May 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

== Mission ==
Although initially launched with a lifespan of 5 years, Oceansat-1 completed its mission on 8 August 2010, after serving for 11 years.<ref name="ISRO"/>

== References ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130121084057/http://isro.org/satellites/irs-p4_oceansat.aspx Indian Space Research Organisation: IRS-P4]

{{IRS satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 1999}}

[[Category:Earth observation satellites of India]]
[[Category:ISRO satellites]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1999]]
[[Category:1999 in India]]
[[Category:Oceanographic satellites]]

Oceansat-1 - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article