OCR in Indian languages - Revision history

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-[[Optical character recognition]] (also known as OCR) is the process of converting an [[image]] into [[E-text|text]]. [[Optical character recognition|OCR]] for Latin characters is still not 100% accurate but a relatively high degree of accuracy in conversion has been able to be achieved. Such accuracy has not yet been able to be achieved for Indo-Aryan languages using OCR. This is due in part to the writing systems of Indo-Aryan languages as well as a lack of standard representation, encoding, and support among operating systems and keyboards.
+#REDIRECT [[Indic OCR]]
-The [[Centre for Development of Advanced Computing]] (C-DAC) and [[Technology Development for Indian Languages]], the premier R&D organisation of the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]] (also known as MeitY) of [[India]] have carried out many projects relating to OCR. Their projects include OCR for [[Malayalam]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Devanagari]] [[Writing system|script]].
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-==Properties of Indo-Aryan writing systems==
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->Eastmain: /* OCR in use */ examples of OCR being used on Indian languages

2021-09-01T15:55:31Z

OCR in use: examples of OCR being used on Indian languages

New page

[[Optical character recognition]] (also known as OCR) is the process of converting an [[image]] into [[E-text|text]]. [[Optical character recognition|OCR]] for Latin characters is still not 100% accurate but a relatively high degree of accuracy in conversion has been able to be achieved. Such accuracy has not yet been able to be achieved for Indo-Aryan languages using OCR. This is due in part to the writing systems of Indo-Aryan languages as well as a lack of standard representation, encoding, and support among operating systems and keyboards.

The [[Centre for Development of Advanced Computing]] (C-DAC) and [[Technology Development for Indian Languages]], the premier R&D organisation of the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]] (also known as MeitY) of [[India]] have carried out many projects relating to OCR. Their projects include OCR for [[Malayalam]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Devanagari]] [[Writing system|script]].

==Properties of Indo-Aryan writing systems==
There are 22 [[Languages with official status in India|officially recognised languages]] in India. Of these, [[Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] are the most widely spoken Indo-Aryan languages and are also the fourth, seventh and tenth most widely spoken languages in the world respectively.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.babbel.com/en/magazine/the-10-most-spoken-languages-in-the-world|title=The 10 Most Spoken Languages In The World|last=GmbH|first=Lesson Nine|work=The Babbel Magazine|access-date=2018-03-20|language=en}}</ref> Two or more languages can be written with same script. For example, [[Devanagari]] is used to write [[Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]], [[Sanskrit]], Bhojpuri and others, while [[Bengali alphabet|Bengali Script]] is used to write , [[Meitei language|Manipuri]] and others.

Apart from basic characters as [[Consonant|consonants]] and [[Vowel|vowels]], most Indic languages combine 2 or more basic characters to form compound characters. The shape of a compound character is more complex than the constituent basic characters. Some Indo-Aryan languages (including Hindi and Punjabi) have a horizontal line over the characters, while other languages (including [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]) and Dravidian languages ([[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]) do not. These are some of the main challenges for creating a single OCR for all Indo-Aryan languages.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2004-09-01|title=Indian script character recognition: a survey|journal=Pattern Recognition|language=en|volume=37|issue=9|pages=1887–1899|doi=10.1016/j.patcog.2004.02.003|issn=0031-3203|last1=Pal|first1=U.|last2=Chaudhuri|first2=B.B.}}</ref>

The concept of [[Letter case|upper/lower case]] is absent in Indo-Aryan languages. Apart from [[Urdu]], Indo-Aryan languages are written from left to right.

==Examples==
# [[SanskritOCR]] - OCR software for Sanskrit, Hindi and other Indo-Aryan languages based on the Devanagari script.
# [[E-aksharayan]] - Optical character recognition engine for Indo-Aryan languages
# [[Chitrankan]] - This technology was developed by [[Indian Statistical Institute|ISI]], Kolkata, and transferred to [[C-DAC]]. It processes printed [[Hindi]] text from a [[Image scanner|scanner]] or from an [[image]].

==OCR in use==
OCR has been used for [[Wikisource]] and other projects.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Prabhu|first=S.|date=2020-06-04|title=Pazhur Patasala — a revival story|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/pazhur-patasala-a-revival-story/article31748137.ece|access-date=2021-09-01|issn=0971-751X|quote=An OCR (Optical Character Recognition) for Sanskrit has created an offline corpus that includes over 3,000 books. }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|agency=Hans News Service|date=2019-03-20|title=Digitisation going on at brisk pace: Vice-Chancellor Prof V Muralidhara Sharma|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/tirupathi/digitisation-going-on-at-brisk-pace-vice-chancellor-prof-v-muralidhara-sharma-513769|access-date=2021-09-01|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dikshit|first=Ashish|date=2016-10-27|title=Who Says Sanskrit Is Dead? It's Rocking the Wiki World|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/who-says-sanskrit-is-dead-its-rocking-the-wiki-world-wikipedia-wikisource-sanskrit-bharati-shubha|access-date=2021-09-01|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
<references />
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.cdac.in/index.aspx?id=mlingual_heritage|title=Multilingual Computing & Heritage Computing|website=www.cdac.in|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-12}}
* {{Cite news|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/274217|title=The Magic of OCR & Augmented Reality Translates text in Indian Languages, Real Time – Without Internet|last=Singh|first=Rustam|date=2016-04-16|newspaper=Entrepreneur|access-date=2017-02-12|language=en}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.tdil-dc.in/index.php?lang=en|title=Indian Language Technology Proliferation and Deployment Centre - Home|website=www.tdil-dc.in|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-02-12}}
*{{Cite journal|date=2004-09-01|title=Indian script character recognition: a survey|journal=Pattern Recognition|language=en|volume=37|issue=9|pages=1887–1899|doi=10.1016/j.patcog.2004.02.003|issn=0031-3203|last1=Pal|first1=U.|last2=Chaudhuri|first2=B.B.}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.indsenz.com/int/index.php?content=software_ind_ocr_sanskrit|title=SanskritOCR - Optical Text Recognition for Sanskrit Documents}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=mlc_gist_chitra|title=C-DAC: GIST - Products - Chitrankan|website=cdac.in|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-12}}

[[Category:Optical character recognition]]
[[Category:Indic computing]]

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