Predator.Maratha at 08:14, 6 September 2026

2026-09-06T08:14:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:44, 6 September 2026
Line 10:		Line 10:
	\| service_years = 1296–1301		\| service_years = 1296–1301
	\| battles = {{plainlist\|		\| battles = {{plainlist\|
	* [[Alauddin Khalji's raid on Devagiri]] (1296)		*[[Yadava–Hoysala War]]
			** [[Alauddin Khalji's raid on Devagiri]] (1296)
	* [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Multan]] (1296)		* [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Multan]] (1296)
	* [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat]] (1299)		* [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat]] (1299)

Predator.Maratha: Created page with "{{short description|General of Delhi Sultanate}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}} {{Infobox military person | name = Nusrat Khan | death_date = 10 July 1301 | death_place = Ranthambore | allegiance = {{flagicon image|Sultan of Delhi Flag according to the Catalan Atlas (1375).png}} Delhi Sultanate | branch = Khalji dynasty, ''Ariz-i-Mumalik'' | service_years = 1296–1301 | battles..."

2026-09-06T08:08:51Z

Created page with "{{short description|General of Delhi Sultanate}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}} {{Infobox military person | name = Nusrat Khan | death_date = 10 July 1301 | death_place = Ranthambore | allegiance = {{flagicon image|Sultan of Delhi Flag according to the Catalan Atlas (1375).png}} Delhi Sultanate | branch = Khalji dynasty, ''Ariz-i-Mumalik'' | service_years = 1296–1301 | battles..."

New page

{{short description|General of Delhi Sultanate}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Nusrat Khan
| death_date = 10 July 1301
| death_place = [[Ranthambore Fort|Ranthambore]]
| allegiance = {{flagicon image|Sultan of Delhi Flag according to the Catalan Atlas (1375).png}} [[Delhi Sultanate]]
| branch = [[Khalji dynasty]], ''Ariz-i-Mumalik''
| service_years = 1296–1301
| battles = {{plainlist|
* [[Alauddin Khalji's raid on Devagiri]] (1296)
* [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Multan]] (1296)
* [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat]] (1299)
* [[Battle of Kili]] (1299)
*[[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Ranthambore]] (1301)
}}
| children =
}}
'''Nusrat Khan''' (died 10 July 1301) was a general of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] ruler [[Alauddin Khalji]]. He served as Alauddin's [[vizier|wazir]] ([[prime minister]]) at the start of his reign, and played an important role in the Sultan's [[Alauddin Khalji's raid on Devagiri|Devagiri]] (1296) and [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat|Gujarat]] (1299) campaigns. He was killed during the [[Siege of Ranthambore (1301)|Siege of Ranthambore]] in 1301.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=342}}

== Early life ==

Nusrat Khan was also known as [[Malik]] Nusrat Jalesari; "Nusrat Khan" was a title given to him by Alauddin. He was an [[Indian Muslim]]{{sfn|Yasin Mazhar Siddiqi|1971|loc=p. 267: Nusrat Khan Jalesari who was the Kotwal in the first year of the Alai reign was an Indian Muslim}}{{sfn|Satish Chandra|2006|loc=p. 194: Alauddin's wazir was Nusrat Khan Jalesar, and Zafar Khan his Mir Arz. Both were famous warriors but were non-Turks, possibly Indian Muslims}} and the [[nisba (onomastics)|nisba]] "Jalesari" suggests that he was possibly associated with [[Jalesar]] for a long time or hailed from that place.{{sfn|Iqtidar Alam Khan|2008|p=111}} Malik Nusrat Khan married the sister of Alauddin Khalji.{{sfn|Newton Mohun Dutt|1974|loc=p. 644: Malek Nusrat Jalesari, husband of Alauddin's sister was titled Nusrat Khan}}

== Career ==

=== Devagiri raid ===

{{main|Alauddin Khalji's raid on Devagiri}}

Nusrat Khan became a follower of Alauddin well before the latter's ascension to the throne of Delhi. When Alauddin was a governor of [[Kara-Manikpur|Kara]], Nusrat Khan accompanied him during his 1296 raid on Devagiri. Alauddin led an 8,000-strong cavalry,{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=49}} but spread a rumor that his army was only the [[vanguard]] of a bigger 20,000-strong cavalry that would reach Devagiri shortly after his arrival.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=54}} [[Ramachandra of Devagiri|Ramachandra]], the king of Devagiri, agreed to negotiate a truce, as his army was away on an expedition under the crown prince Simhana. However, Simhana returned before the truce could be signed, and challenged Alauddin to a battle. Alauddin left a 1,000-strong cavalry under Nusrat Khan in the Devagiri city, and led the rest of his army against Simhana. Alauddin's men were outnumbered and suffered reverses in the battle. When Nusrat Khan heard about this, he left the city without waiting for Alauddin's order, and led his contingent to the battlefield. [[Simhana]]'s army mistook Nusrat Khan's unit for the rumored 20,000-strong cavalry and fled from the battlefield in panic.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=55}}

=== Role in Alauddin's rise to power ===

{{main|Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Multan}}

After Alauddin assassinated his predecessor [[Jalaluddin Khalji|Jalaluddin]] at [[Kara-Manikpur|Kara]] in 1296, Nusrat Khan commanded a section of his army during the march to [[Delhi]].{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=327}}

Shortly after his ascension in Delhi, Alauddin sent an army to conquer Multan, which was controlled by Jalaluddin's son Arkali. The army captured Multan, and imprisoned Arkali and other surviving members of Jalaluddin's family. Nusrat Khan met the contingent returning from Multan at [[Abohar]], and meted out severe punishments to the captives in accordance with Alauddin's orders.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=80}} He blinded Jalaluddin's sons Arkali Khan and Ruknuddin Ibrahim, and later imprisoned them at [[Hansi]]. He also blinded their loyal officers Ulghu (or Malik Alghu) and Malik Ahmad Chap, and executed the sons of Arkali Khan. He brought Jalaluddin's widow (the former ''Malka-i-Jahan'') and other women of the [[harem]] to Delhi along with Ahmad Chap. These surviving prisoners were kept under surveillance at Nusrat Khan's house in Delhi.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=331}}

=== As the wazir ===

Alauddin appointed Nusrat Khan as his ''[[vizier|wazir]]'' (prime minister) shortly after the conquest of Multan.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=80}} Nusrat Khan implemented Alauddin's plan to consolidate power in Delhi by arresting, blinding or killing the aristocrats appointed by Jalaluddin and his predecessors. Nusrat Khan obtained a huge amount of cash for the royal treasury by confiscating their properties.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=333}} As a result of these measures, Nusrat Khan became very unpopular in Delhi, and Alauddin sent him away by making him the governor of [[Kara-Manikpur|Kara]].{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=81}}

=== Gujarat campaign ===

{{main|Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat}}

In 1299, Alauddin sent Nusrat Khan and [[Ulugh Khan]] to invade Gujarat. The [[Vaghela dynasty|Vaghela]] king [[Karna (Vaghela dynasty)|Karna]] offered a weak resistance, and the two generals ransacked several towns. Nusrat Khan marched as far as the wealthy port city of [[Khambhat]], where he obtained a great amount of wealth from the local merchants and other rich people.{{sfn|Satish Chandra|2007|loc= p. 96: "Early in 1299, an army under two of Alauddin Khalji's noted generals marched against Gujarat by way of Rajasthan. On their way, they raided and captured Jaisalmer also. The Gujarat ruler, Rai Karan, was taken by surprise, and fled without offering a fight. The chief cities of Gujarat, including Anhilwara where many beautiful buildings and temples had been built over generations, were sacked. The famous temple of Somnath which had been rebuilt in the twelfth century was also plundered and sacked. An enormous booty. was collected. Nor were the wealthy Muslim merchants of Cambay spared. It was here that Malik Kafur, who later led the invasions of south India, was captured"}} There, he also forcibly obtained the slave [[Malik Kafur]], who later led Alauddin's campaigns in [[Deccan]].{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=86}} According to the [[Jain]] writer Jinaprabha, Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan destroyed hundreds of towns, including Asavalli (near modern [[Ahmedabad]]), [[Vanthali|Vanmanthali]] and [[Surat]]. They also looted several monasteries, palaces and temples.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=85}} The wealthy [[Somnath temple]] which was reconstructed after the [[Mahmud of Ghazni#Events and challenges|Ghaznavid invasion in 1025]], was again desecrated.

While returning from Delhi, the generals ordered their soldiers to pay ''[[khums]]'' (one-fifth of the share of loot). Some of the soldiers tried to conceal the true amount of wealth looted by them, leading to disputes. The generals severely punished some of the soldiers, leading to a mutiny near [[Jalore]], mainly by the Mongol (Mughal) soldiers who had recently converted to [[Islam]]. The rebels murdered Nusrat Khan's brother Malik A'izzudin, who was Ulugh Khan's secretary.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=87}} Ulugh Khan escaped to Nusrat Khan's tent, where the loyal soldiers assembled and forced the rebels to retreat.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=87}} After suppressing the mutiny, the two generals marched to Delhi. There, Nusrat Khan meted out brutal punishment to the wives and children of the individuals who had murdered his brother A'izzudin.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=88}} The children were cut into pieces in front of their mothers, who were raped, humiliated and forced into prostitution.{{sfn|Abraham Eraly|2015|p=147}} These brutal punishments shocked the near-contemporary chronicler [[Ziauddin Barani]], who declared that no religion allowed such acts.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=88}} According to him, the practice of punishing wives and children for the crimes of men started with this incident in Delhi.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=335}}

== Last days ==

At the [[Battle of Kili]] (1299) against the [[Mongols]], Nusrat Khan commanded the left wing of Alauddin's army.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=339}} In 1301, Alauddin ordered Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan to [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Ranthambore|invade Ranthambore]], which was ruled by the [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura|Chahamana]] king [[Hammiradeva]]. During the siege, Nusrat Khan was hit by a [[manjaniq]] stone, and died 2–3 days later.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=342}}

Nusrat Khan's nephew Malik Chajju also served Alauddin, and led the failed [[Siege of Warangal, 1310#1302-1303 expedition|1302–1303 Warangal campaign]].{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=366}}{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=93}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Abraham Eraly |author-link=Abraham Eraly |title=The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vyEoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT166 |year=2015 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-93-5118-658-8 }}
* {{cite book |author=Banarsi Prasad Saksena |author-link=Banarsi Prasad Saksena |chapter=The Khaljis: Alauddin Khalji |editor=Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami |series=A Comprehensive History of India|title=The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206–1526) |volume=5 |edition=Second |year=1992 |publisher=The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ |oclc=31870180 }}
* {{cite book |author=Iqtidar Alam Khan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iGSKTttoa3IC&pg=PR24 |title=Historical Dictionary of Medieval India |publisher=Scarecrow |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8108-6401-6 }}
* {{cite book |author=Kishori Saran Lal |author-link=K. S. Lal |title=History of the Khaljis (1290–1320) |year=1950 |publisher=The Indian Press |location=Allahabad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XXqAQAACAAJ |oclc=685167335 }}
* {{cite book |author= Satish Chandra |author-link=Satish Chandra (historian) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC |title=Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526) |date=2006 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1064-5 |edition=Revised |series=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals |volume=Part One |location=New Delhi }}
* {{Cite journal |author=Yasin Mazhar Siddiqi |author-link= Yasin Mazhar Siddiqi|date=1971 |title=The Office of Kotwal Under the Sultans of Delhi |url= |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=33 |pages=189–195 |issn=2249-1937|jstor=44145331}}
* {{cite book |author=Satish Chandra |author-link=Satish Chandra (historian) |title=History of Medieval India: 800–1700 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHnHHwAACAAJ |year=2007|page=|quote=|publisher=Orient Longman |isbn=978-81-250-3226-7}}
* {{cite book |editor=Newton Mohun Dutt |publisher = Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Oriental Institute|chapter= Chapter XXVI: The Khaljis |title= Gaekwad's Oriental Series |year = 1974|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=xtdjAAAAMAAJ |quote= |oclc= 1570378}}
{{refend}}
{{Alauddin Khalji}}

[[Category:Alauddin Khalji]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:1301 deaths]]

Nusrat Khan - Revision history

Predator.Maratha at 08:14, 6 September 2026