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{{short description|Sanskrit word for Indian dance form}}
[[File:Classical dances of India.jpg|thumb|260px|Nritya means dance in the Indian tradition.]]
'''Nritya''' ({{Langx|sa|नृत्य}}, {{IAST3|nṛtya}}), also referred to as '''nritta''', '''natana''' or '''natya''', is "dance, act on the stage, act, gesticulate, play" in the Indian traditions.<ref name=nrityabrit>[https://www.britannica.com/art/nritya Nritya], Encyclopaedia Britannica</ref><ref name=mmwnritya>[http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MW72Scan/2014/web/webtc/servepdf.php?page=0515 नृत्], Monier Williams Sanskrit English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, page 515</ref> It is sometimes subdivided into two forms: ''nritta'' or pure dance, where the expressionless movements of a dancer play out the rhythms and phrases of the music; and ''nritya'' or expressive dance, where the dancer includes facial expression and body language to portray mood and ideas with the rhythmic movements.<ref name=nrityabrit/>

==Overview==

''Nritya'' is broadly categorized as one of three parts of [[Sangita]], the other two being ''gita'' (vocal music, song) and ''[[vadya]]'' (instrumental music).<ref name="Rowell2015p13">{{cite book|author=Lewis Rowell|title=Music and Musical Thought in Early India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_UCgAAQBAJ |year=2015| publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-73034-9| page=13}}</ref><ref name="Kunst2013p88">{{cite book|author=Jaap Kunst|title=Hindu-Javanese Musical Instruments|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ytLoCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA88|year= 2013|publisher= Springer Science|isbn=978-94-011-9185-2|pages=88 with footnote 26}}</ref><ref name="ArnoldNettl2000p321">{{cite book|author1=Alison Arnold|author2=Bruno Nettl|title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&pg=PA321|year=2000|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1|pages=19–20}}</ref> These ideas appear in the Vedic literature of [[Hinduism]] such as the ''Aitareya Brahmana'', and in early post-Vedic era Sanskrit texts such as the ''[[Natya Shastra]]'', ''[[Panchatantra]]'', ''Malvikagnimitra'' and ''Kathasaritsagara''.

Nritya and Nata appear in Vedic era literature. For example, Section 4.104 of the ''[[Unadi Sutras]]'' mentions Nata as "dancer, mime, actor".<ref name=mmwnritya/><ref>[http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MW72Scan/2014/web/webtc/servepdf.php?page=0466 नट्], Monier Williams Sanskrit English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, page 466
{{cite book|author=Friedrich Max Müller|title=A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature|year=1860|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00mlle |publisher=Williams and Norgate|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00mlle/page/245 245]–246}}</ref> [[Pāṇini|Panini]] too mentions the terms Nritya and Nartaka respectively as dance and dancer, in his treatise on Sanskrit grammar.<ref>{{cite book|author=Manohar Laxman Varadpande|title=History of Indian Theatre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SyxOHOCVcVkC |year=1987|publisher=Abhinav|isbn=978-81-7017-221-5|pages=78–79}}</ref>

{{Quote box | bgcolor=#FFE0BB |align=right
|quote= '''Nrtya'''
<poem>
It is the spirit of both eternity and time.
It is the spirit of both man and woman.
It is the [[Purusha]] and [[Prakriti]],
expression of the evolution of the movement,
a truly creative force that has come down to us from ages.
This embodiment of sound and rhythm,
which creates poetry of spiritual expression
is called dance or ''nritya''.
</poem>
|source =— [[Rukmini Devi Arundale]]<ref>{{cite book|author1=Tanvi Bajaj|author2=Swasti Shrimali Vohra|title=Performing Arts and Therapeutic Implications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R8VcCgAAQBAJ |year=2015|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-32571-0|page=6}}</ref>}}
The term Nritya appears in all major classical Indian dance forms as one form of their repertoire, inspired by the guidelines of the ''[[Natya Shastra]]''. These are ''Nritta'', ''Nritya'' and ''Natya'':<ref name=meduri1>{{cite journal | last=Meduri | first=Avanthi | title=Bharatha Natyam-What Are You? | journal=Asian Theatre Journal | publisher=University of Hawaii Press | volume=5 | issue=1 | year=1988 | pages=3–4 | doi=10.2307/1124019 | jstor=1124019 }}</ref>

*The ''Nritta'' performance is an abstract, fast and rhythmic aspect of the dance.<ref name=koskoff955/> The dancer performs pure dance steps by using ''[[adavu]]''. In simple words, we can say that ''Nritta'' means pure classical dance.<ref name=meduri1/><ref name="Descutner2010p45">{{cite book|author=Janet Descutner|title=Asian Dance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8tCYjXOtkdgC |year=2010|publisher=Infobase|isbn=978-1-4381-3078-1|pages=45–46}}</ref>
*The ''Nritya'' is a slower and significant aspect of the dance that attempts to communicate feelings, storyline particularly with spiritual themes in Hindu dance traditions.<ref name=koskoff955>{{cite book|author=Ellen Koskoff|title=The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: The Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73MO0eiQD_EC&pg=PA955 |year=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-99404-0 |pages=955 }}</ref> In a ''nritya'', the dance-acting expands to include silent expression of words through gestures and body motion set to musical notes. The actor articulates a legend or a spiritual message. This part of the repertoire is more than sensory enjoyment, and it aims to engage the emotions and mind of the viewer.<ref name=meduri1/><ref name="Descutner2010p45"/>
*The ''Natyam'' is a play, typically a team performance,<ref name=kjayakrishnan25>Kavitha Jayakrishnan (2011), [https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/handle/10012/6356 Dancing Architecture: the parallel evolution of Bharatanātyam and South Indian Architecture], MA Thesis, Awarded by University of Waterloo, Canada, page 25</ref> but can be acted out by a solo performer where the dancer uses certain standardized body movements to indicate a new character in the underlying story. A ''Natyam'' incorporates the elements of a ''Nritya''.<ref name=meduri1/>{{Sfn|Reginald Massey|2004|pp=33-38, 83-84, 207-214}}<ref name="NettlStone1998p516">{{cite book|author1=Bruno Nettl|author2=Ruth M. Stone|author3=James Porter|display-authors=etal|title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&pg=PA516|year=1998|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1 |pages=516–521}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Indian classical dance]]
*''[[Natya shastra]]''
*''[[Sangita Ratnakara]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book | last = Ambrose | first = Kay | title = Classical Dances and Costumes of India | publisher = Palgrave Macmillan | year = 1984 }}
*{{cite book |author=Ragini Devi|title=Dance Dialects of India|url=https://archive.org/details/dancedialectsofi0000ragi |url-access=registration|year=1990 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0674-0}}
*{{cite book|author=Natalia Lidova|publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |doi=10.1093/obo/9780195399318-0071 |title= Natyashastra }}
*{{cite book|author=Natalia Lidova |title=Drama and Ritual of Early Hinduism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3TKarwqJJP0C |date=1994 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1234-5 }}
* {{cite journal | last= Williams|first=Drid| title=In the Shadow of Hollywood Orientalism: Authentic East Indian Dancing|url= http://jashm.press.illinois.edu/12.3/12-3IntheShadow_Williams78-99.pdf |journal=Visual Anthropology| volume=17|issue=1 |year=2004|pages=69–98 |publisher= Routledge |doi=10.1080/08949460490274013|s2cid=29065670}}
* {{cite book |author=Tarla Mehta | title=Sanskrit Play Production in Ancient India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l7naMj1UxIkC | year=1995| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1057-0 }}
* {{cite book|author=Reginald Massey|title=India's Dances: Their History, Technique, and Repertoire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6MJ8jbHqIwC |year=2004|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-434-9 }}
*{{cite book |author= Emmie Te Nijenhuis |author-link=Emmie te Nijenhuis |title=Indian Music: History and Structure |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrgfAAAAIAAJ |year=1974|publisher= BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-03978-3 }}
*{{cite book| author=Kapila Vatsyayan |title=Bharata, the Nāṭyaśāstra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zKW1PAAACAAJ |year=2001|publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-1220-6}}
*{{cite book| author=Kapila Vatsyayan |title=Classical Indian dance in literature and the arts |year=1977 |publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi |oclc= 233639306}}, [http://library.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/toc/z2008_2719.pdf Table of Contents]
*{{cite book| author=Kapila Vatsyayan |title=Indian classical dance |year=1974 |publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi |oclc= 2238067 }}
*{{cite book| author=Kapila Vatsyayan |title=Aesthetic theories and forms in Indian tradition |year=2008 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |oclc= 286469807| isbn= 978-8187586357}}
*{{cite book| author=Kapila Vatsyayan |title=Dance In Indian Painting |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=58fUibaZdGYC |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-153-9}}
*{{cite journal | author =Wallace Dace | title=The Concept of "Rasa" in Sanskrit Dramatic Theory | journal=Educational Theatre Journal | volume=15 | issue=3 | year=1963 | pages=249–254 | jstor=3204783 | doi=10.2307/3204783}}
*{{cite book|author1=Farley P. Richmond|author2=Darius L. Swann|author3=Phillip B. Zarrilli|title=Indian Theatre: Traditions of Performance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OroCOEqkVg4C|year=1993|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0981-9}}

{{Dance in India}}
{{Hindudharma}}

[[Category:Theatre of India]]
[[Category:Musical theatre in India]]
[[Category:Cultural history of India]]

Nritya - Revision history

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