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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{short description|Cargo ship wrecked in 1606 at the mouth of the River Tagus, near Lisbon, Portugal}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin |infobox caption=}}
{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship country= Portugal
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Portugal|1578}}
|Ship name=''Nossa Senhora dos Mártires''
|Ship namesake=
|Ship owner= [[Casa da Índia]]
|Ship operator=
|Ship registry= [[Lisbon]], [[Kingdom of Portugal]]
|Ship route=
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|Ship builder=Ribeira das Naus
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|Ship completed=
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|Ship acquired=
|Ship maiden voyage=
|Ship in service=1605
|Ship out of service=1606
|Ship identification=
|Ship fate=Sank after hitting a rock
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
}}
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|Ship type=[[Carrack]]
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[[File:Peppercorns p1160010.jpg|thumb|Peppercorns of ''Piper nigrum'', the major cargo of the ''Nossa Senhora dos Mártires'' at its demise.]]
The '''Nossa Senhora dos Mártires''', is the name of a cargo ship wrecked in 1606 at the mouth of the [[River Tagus]], near [[Lisbon, Portugal|Lisbon]], [[Portugal]], and subsequently excavated between 1996 and 2001. The ship had been seeking safer anchorage in the Tagus during strong winds, but she struck a submerged rock and went down close to shore with no loss of life. Also known as The Pepper Wreck, it is so called because its major cargo at the time was peppercorns of black pepper, ''[[Piper nigrum]]'', which carpeted the river and were harvested along with the fittings and other cargo by the population.

The Museu Nacional de Arqueologia identified the debris on the bottom in 1993 and designated the site as São Julião da Barra 2 (SJB2).<ref>Castro (2005) page 4.</ref> The ship was of a type called the "[[Nau (ship)|''nau'']]", a cargo vessel, used as an [[Indiaman]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Indiaman|encyclopedia=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition|year=2000|url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/15/I0101500.html|accessdate=2008-11-30}}</ref> Constructed in 1605 in the Ribeira das Naus, the royal shipyard in [[Lisbon]], it set sail under captain Manuel Barreto in that year as part of an [[Naval fleet|armada]], or convoy, consisting of ten ships: four [[galleon]]s and six naus, sent out by the Casa da Índia, a government trade organization,<ref>Castro (2005) page 13.</ref> to [[Goa]], then under Dutch blockade. After loading a cargo of pepper, classified by the government along with all [[spice]]s as ''drogas'' ("drugs", literally meaning "dry goods") it completed the return voyage and anchored off the mouth of the Tagus. A strong wind caused some other ships to pull anchor, inspiring their captains to move further into the river. Seeking to follow their example, the ''Nossa Senhora dos Mártires'' struck a rock and went down suddenly. The date was 14 September 1606. Although scanty, the hull remains have preserved carpenters marks that allowed a tentative reconstruction of the ship's hull.

Until the 2008 discovery of the ''[[Bom Jesus (ship)|Bom Jesus]]'' shipwreck near [[Oranjemund]] in Namibia, this [[shipwreck]] was the only known Portuguese Indiaman from the 16th and early 17th centuries not destroyed by treasure hunters.

==Notes==
<references/>

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|title=The Pepper Wreck: A Portuguese Indiaman at the Mouth of the Tagus River|first=Filipe Vieira de|last=Castro|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|year=2005|isbn=978-1-58544-390-1}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url=http://nautarch.tamu.edu/shiplab/Index-virtualnau.htm|title=Virtual Nau: A Project by Audrey Wells|first=Filipe|last=Castro|year=2007|publisher=Texas A&M Department of Anthropology|accessdate=30 November 2008}}

{{coord missing|Portugal}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nossa Senhora dos Martires (nau)}}
[[Category:Age of Sail ships of Portugal]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of Portugal]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1606]]
[[Category:Colonial Kerala]]
[[Category:17th century in Portugal]]
[[Category:17th-century ships]]

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Nossa Senhora dos Mártires (nau) - Revision history

->Iridescent: /* top */Cleanup and typo fixing, typo(s) fixed: ’s → 's