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{{Short description|Ecoregion in the Indian Peninsula}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox ecoregion
|name = North Western Ghats montane rain forests
|image = Hanumanagundi Falls.jpg
|image_size =
|image_alt =
|caption = Hanumanagudi Falls in [[Kudremukh National Park]], [[Karnataka]]
|map = Ecoregion IM0135.png
|map_size =
|map_alt =
|map_caption = Ecoregion territory (in purple)
|ecozone = [[Indomalayan realm|Indomalayan]]
|biome = [[tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests]]
|animals =
|bird_species =
|mammal_species =
|border1 = [[Deccan thorn scrub forests]]
|border2 = [[Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests]]
|border3 = [[Malabar Coast moist forests]]
|border4 = [[Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests]]
|border5 = [[North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]]
|border6 = [[South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests]]
|border7 = [[South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]]
|border8 = [[South Western Ghats montane rain forests]]
|area = 30,825
|country = [[India]]
|state2 = [[Goa]]
|state3 = [[Gujarat]]
|state4 = [[Karnataka]]
|state5 = [[Maharashtra]]
|state6 = [[Damaon, Diu & Silvassa]]
|region_type = States
|elevation =
|geology =
|seas =
|rivers =
|climate =
|soil =
|conservation = critical/endangered
|global200 =
|habitat_loss =
|habitat_loss_ref =
|coordinates =
|protected = 5,331 km2 (17
|protected_ref = )<ref>Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. [https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014]</ref>
|embedded =
}}

The '''North Western Ghats montane rain forests''' is a [[tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests|tropical moist broadleaf forest]] [[ecoregion]] of southwestern [[Indian peninsula]]. It covers an area of {{convert|30,900|km2|sqmi|sp=us}}, extending down the spine of the [[Western Ghauts]] range, from southernmost [[Gujarat]] through [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Damaon]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]] & [[Karnataka]]. The montane rain forests are found above 1000 meters elevation, and are surrounded at lower elevations by the [[North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]].{{fact|date=October 2024}}

==Flora==
Unlike the lowland forests, which are composed largely of [[deciduous]] trees, the montane rain forests are predominantly evergreen [[laurel forest]], dominated by trees of the laurel family ([[Lauraceae]]), including ''[[Litsea]]'', ''[[Phoebe (plant)|Phoebe]]'', and ''[[Cinnamomum]]''.{{fact|date=October 2024}}

==Protected areas==
A 2017 assessment found that 5,331 km2, or 17%, of the ecoregion was in protected areas. Another 39% is forested but outside protected areas.<ref>Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. [https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014]</ref> As of 1997, 13 protected areas had been designated, covering an area of 3,990 km2, 13% of the ecoregion's area.<ref>Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric Dinerstein; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (2002). ''Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment.'' Island Press; [[Washington, DC]]. pp 281-284.</ref>

* [[Anshi National Park]], [[Karnataka]] (80 km2, partly in the [[North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]])
* [[Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary]], Karnataka (200 km2, partly in the North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests)
* [[Chandoli National Park]], [[Maharashtra]] (80 km2, partly in the North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests)
* [[Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary]], Karnataka (1,060 km2)
* [[Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary]], Maharashtra (160 km2, partly in the North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests)
* [[Kudremukh National Park]], Karnataka (820 km2)
* [[Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary]], Karnataka (160 km2, partly in the North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests)
* [[Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary]], Karnataka (70 km2, partly in the [[South Western Ghats montane rain forests]])
* [[Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary]], Maharashtra (350 km2)
* [[Sharavati Valley Wildlife Sanctuary]], Karnataka (370 km2, partly in the North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests)
* [[Shettihalli Wildlife Sanctuary]], Karnataka (470 km2)
* [[Someshwara Wildlife Sanctuary]], Karnataka (40 km2)
* [[Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary]], Maharashtra (130 km2, partly in the North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests)

A chain of [[Reserved forests and protected forests of India|reserved forests]] – Kiribag, Subrahmanya, [[Bisle Reserve Forest|Bisle]], Bhagimaldi, Kagneri, Kanchankumari, Kempuhole, Moorkannugudda, Kabbinale, Shiradi Shisla, and Miyar – extend along the spine of the Western Ghats, connecting Kudremukh National Park to Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary. On 15 December 2012, the Karnataka Wildlife Board recommended that [[Bisle Reserve Forest|Bisle]], Kaginahare, and Kanchankumari reserve forests north of Pushpagiri be included in Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary. The Ministry of Environment and Forests also supported the proposal. In May 2014 wildlife biologist [[Sanjay Gubbi]] reiterated the call to include these reserve forests in the protected area, and said that "a conspiracy to make money in the name of mini-hydel projects" was the reason for the Karnataka state government's refusal to redesignate these reserve forests as a wildlife sanctuary or national park.<ref>"Include more forest areas under Pushpagiri sanctuary." ''Deccan Herald'' 10 May 2014. Accessed 22 September 2015.[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/include-more-forest-areas-under-pushpagiri-sanctuary/article5995366.ece]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|India}}

{{-}}
{{ecoregions of India}}

[[Category:North Western Ghats montane rain forests| ]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of India]]
[[Category:Indomalayan ecoregions]]
[[Category:Montane forests]]
[[Category:Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests]]
[[Category:Tropical rainforests of India]]
[[Category:Western Ghats]]

North Western Ghats montane rain forests - Revision history

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