imported>Rodw: Disambiguated: Lachen → Lachen, Sikkim, Mangan → Mangan, India

2021-08-29T18:50:16Z

Disambiguated: Lachen → Lachen, Sikkim, Mangan → Mangan, India

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{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = North Sikkim
| native_name_lang = Nepali
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Sikkim|District]] of [[Sikkim]]
| image_skyline = Sunset om Kangchengyao in North Sikkim.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Kangchenjunga]]
| image_flag =
| flag_alt =
| image_seal =
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| nickname =
| motto =
| mottoeng =
| image_map = SikkimNorth.png
| map_alt =
| map_caption = North Sikkim's location in Sikkim
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|27|31|N|88|32|E|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|..Sikkim Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Sikkim]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Headquarters]]
| seat = [[Mangan, India|Mangan]]
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 4226
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 610
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 43,709
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type =
| registration_plate = SK-03
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-SK]]
| website = {{URL|https://northsikkim.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''North Sikkim''' is a [[list of Indian districts|district]] of the [[India]]n [[states and territories of India|state]] of [[Sikkim]]. Its district headquarters is [[Mangan, India|Mangan]]. It is the seventh least populous district in the country (out of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref>

<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.sikkim.gov.in/MAPS_OF_SIKKIM/PICTURES/SDM.jpg |title = List of district Collectors |access-date = 6 January 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140208002856/http://sikkim.gov.in/MAPS_OF_SIKKIM/PICTURES/SDM.jpg |archive-date = 8 February 2014 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Flowers and nature of North Sikkim India.jpg|thumb|Wildflowers of North Sikkim]]
[[File:A bridge wildflowers nature Himalayas Yumthang Valley Sikkim India.jpg|thumb|Flowering trees along stream valleys]]
The district is the largest of the four districts of Sikkim.

The landscape is mountainous with dense vegetation all the way up to the alpine altitude before thinning out to desert scrub towards the northern tundra. Numerous waterfalls astride the main road make the trip to this district extremely picturesque.

The most prominent effect of the steepness of the valleys is the prevalence of landslides that at times drop to anything between 3000 and {{Convert|5000|ft|m|abbr=on}} carrying devastation along their course. Most of them are caused either by the melting snow beds on top of the mountains or by erosive action of the rains.

Most of the people of the state reside near Mangan, the district headquarters which is about {{Convert|2000|ft|m}} above sea level. Further north the elevation increases with the vegetation turning from [[temperate]] to [[alpine climate|alpine]] to [[tundra]]. Temperatures range from about 25° to below −40° in the extreme high reaches where the altitude is in excess of 6,000 metres. [[Kanchenjanga]] is the highest peak at over 8,000 m, straddling its western border with [[Nepal]] and can be seen clearly from the town of [[Singhik]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=O'Neill |first1=Alexander |date=2017-03-29 |title=Sikkim claims India’s first mixed-criteria UNESCO World Heritage Site |url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/112/05/0893.pdf|journal=Current Science |volume=112 |issue=5 |pages=893–994 |access-date=2017-05-11 }}</ref>

===Assembly Constituencies===
Since 2002, the district is divided into 3 [[assembly constituency|assembly constituencies]].
# [[Kabi Lungchok (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)|Kabi Lungchok]] (BL)
# [[Djongu (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Djongu]] (BL)
# [[Lachen-Mangan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lachen-Mangan]](BL)

==Economy==
Mangan is known as the [[Cardamom]] Capital of the world. The climate and terrain best suit the cultivation of the larger variety of Cardamom here.

The region has many power projects and enjoys almost uninterrupted electricity. The steep gradient and the innumerable lakes on the higher reaches facilitate ideal conditions for generation of hydro electric power.

In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named North Sikkim one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is the only district in Sikkim currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Tourism===
Most of North Sikkim is restricted to travellers and permits are needed to visit these areas. The area, which shares a sensitive border with the [[People's Republic of China]] is heavily patrolled by the [[Indian army]]. However, in view of exquisite scenic beauty, a large number of tourists have started visiting the region overcoming all sorts of hardship. Often unregulated tourism becomes a major conservation issue in fragile ecosystem such as high mountains.<ref>Choudhury, A.U. (2011). Tourism pressure on high elevation IBAs. ''Mistnet'' 12(1): 11–12.</ref>

==Divisions==

===Administrative divisions===
{{multiple image
| direction = vertical
| width = 280
| footer = <br/><div style="text-align: center;">'''Scenes from the district'''</div>
| image1 = Crows Lake in North Sikkim.jpg
| alt1 = Lake of crows
| caption1 = <div style="text-align: center;">Crows Lake</div>
| image2 = Yumthangnorth.jpg
| alt2 = Peaceful valley
| caption2 = <div style="text-align: center;">Yumthang Valley</div>
| image3 = Gumpa.jpg
| alt3 = Dancing up a storm
| caption3 = <div style="text-align: center;">Gumpa dance at Lachung monastery</div>
| image4 = View from Zero Point, North Sikkim.jpg
| caption4 = <div style="text-align: center;">View from Zero Point, North Sikkim</div>
| image5 = Zero Point Sikkim - North Sikkim.jpg
| caption5 = <div style="text-align: center;">Zero Point Sikkim – After Earthquake, November 2011</div>
| image6 =Yuemsamdong, Zero point.jpg
| caption6 = <div style="text-align: center;">Yumesamdong ,Zero Point, North Sikkim</div>
}}

North Sikkim is divided into two sub-divisions:<ref>{{cite map |publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, New Delhi, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |title=Sikkim Administrative Divisions |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/administrative_maps/SIKIM.pdf |language=en |format=PDF |year=2011 |access-date=29 September 2011 }}</ref>

{{North Sikkim image map}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" width=65% style="border:1px solid black"
|- bgcolor=#EDAFFF
| width="10%" | '''Name'''
| width="20%" | '''Headquarters'''
| width="20%" | '''Number of villages'''<ref name='MDDS'>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/MDDS/mdds_dir_Rural_11.pdf | title = MDDS e-Governance Code (Sikkim Rural) | access-date = 15 October 2011 | year = 2011 | format = PDF | publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref>
| width="10%" | '''Location'''
|- bgcolor=#EFE4B0
| [[Chungthang subdivision|Chungthang]] || [[Chungthang]] || 9 || [[File:North Sikkim Subdivisions Chungthang.png|80px|center]]
|- bgcolor=#EFE4B0
| [[Mangan subdivision|Mangan]]|| [[Mangan, India|Mangan]]|| 46 || [[File:North Sikkim Subdivisions Mangan.png|80px|center]]
|}

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] North Sikkim district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 43,709,<ref name="districtcensus"/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Liechtenstein]].<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = 212 Liechtenstein 35,236 July 2011 est.The district was under the occupation of the Nepalese for 30 years in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 634th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 10 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 5.66%.<ref name=districtcensus/> North Sikkim has a [[sex ratio]] of 769 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 77.39%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

The people are mainly of Lepcha and Bhutia descent. Other groups include the Tibetan community. It also has one of the lowest populated regions of the state.

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title = Religion in North Sikkim district (2011)<ref name="Census">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.com/census/district/462-west-sikkim.html|title=East Sikkim District Religion Census 2011}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|yellow|53.35}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|34.05}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|dodgerblue|6.09}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|1.87}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|1.86}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated<br>(<small>mainly [[Kirat Mundhum]]</small>)|crimson|2.8}}
}}

Buddhism is followed by majority of the people in North Sikkim district. Hinduism followed by a considerable population.<ref name="Census"/>

===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of North Sikkim (2011)
|label1 = [[Lepcha language|Lepcha]] |value1 = 31.71 |color1 = darkblue
|label2 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]] |value2 = 23.24 |color2 = maroon
|label3 = [[Sikkimese language|Bhotia]] |value3 = 14.41 |color3 = deepskyblue
|label4 = [[Limbu language|Limbu]] |value4 = 8.51 |color4 = lavender
|label5 = [[Hindi]] |value5 = 6.40 |color5 = orange
|label6 = [[Sherpa language|Sherpa]] |value6 = 3.63 |color6 = purple
|label7 = [[Tamang language|Tamang]] |value7 = 2.56 |color7 = skyblue
|label8 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value8 = 1.75 |color8 = coral
|label9 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value9 = 1.62 |color9 = red
|label10 = [[Kiranti languages|Rai]] |value10 = 1.22 |color10 = limegreen
|label11 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value11 = 1.08 |color11 = gold
|label12 = Others |value12 = 3.87 |color12 = grey
}}
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 31.71% of the population in the district spoke [[Lepcha language|Lepcha]], 23.24% [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 14.41% [[Sikkimese language|Sikkimese]], 8.51% [[Limbu language|Limbu]], 6.40% [[Hindi]], 3.63% [[Sherpa language|Sherpa]], 2.56% [[Tamang language|Tamang]], 1.75% [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], 1.62% [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], 1.22% [[Rai languages|Rai]] and 1.08% [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>
==Transport==
Roads are in a poor condition owing to the frequent landslides.

==Flora and fauna==
North Sikkim is home to the [[red panda]] (''Ailurus fulgens''), a vulnerable species.<ref>Choudhury, A.U. (2001). An overview of the status and conservation of the red panda Ailurus fulgens in India, with reference to its global status. ''Oryx'' 35(3):250–259</ref> This animal is the pride of Sikkim and is also the State Animal. It is generally found between heights of 2000 m to 4000 m. It is as big as a domestic Siamese cat (approximately 2 ft long), has a triangular shaped face with a stripe on its cheek, with red fur and black eyes. It has a sprinkling of white on its back and chest. The tail is bushy, black or brown in colour and long like that of a skunk. They generally live on treetops.

In 1977 North Sikkim district became home to [[Khangchendzonga National Park]], which has an area of {{convert|1784|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment|title=Protected areas: Sikkim|url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|access-date=25 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|archive-date=23 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It shares the park with [[West Sikkim district]]. It is also home to the Shingba ([[rhododendron]]) [[Wildlife Sanctuaries in India|Wildlife Sanctuary]], which was established in 1984 and has an area of {{convert|43|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks/>

==Banking Facilities==
The following Banks provide banking facilities in North Sikkim, district of Sikkim:

*[[Axis Bank]], [[Lachen, Sikkim|Lachen]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bankifscmicrbranchdetails.c12.in/page.php?ifsc=UTIB0004105 |title=AXIS BANK, LACHEN}}</ref>
*[[Central Bank of India]], [[Mangan, India|Mangan]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bankifscmicrbranchdetails.c12.in/page.php?ifsc=CBIN0283992 |title=CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA, MANGAN}}</ref>
*[[Canara Bank]], Mangan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bankifscmicrbranchdetails.c12.in/page.php?ifsc=CNRB0004875 |title=CANARA BANK, MANGAN}}</ref>
*[[IDBI Bank]], Mangan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bankifscmicrbranchdetails.c12.in/page.php?ifsc=IBKL0001462 |title=IDBI BANK, MANGAN}}</ref>
*[[State Bank Of India]], [[Chungthang]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bankifscmicrbranchdetails.c12.in/page.php?ifsc=SBIN0007070 |title=STATE BANK OF INDIA, CHUNGTHANG}}</ref>
*[[State Bank Of India]], Mangan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bankifscmicrbranchdetails.c12.in/page.php?ifsc=SBIN0007557 |title=STATE BANK OF INDIA, MANGAN}}</ref>
*[[State Bank Of India]], Kabi Sab<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bankifscmicrbranchdetails.c12.in/page.php?ifsc=SBIN0008508 |title=STATE BANK OF INDIA, KABI SAB}}</ref>
*[[State Bank Of India]], [[Lachung]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bankifscmicrbranchdetails.c12.in/page.php?ifsc=SBIN0008510 |title=STATE BANK OF INDIA, LACHUNG}}</ref>
*[[State Bank Of India]], [[Phodong]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bankifscmicrbranchdetails.c12.in/page.php?ifsc=SBIN0009035 |title=STATE BANK OF INDIA, PHODONG}}</ref>
*[[State Bank Of India]], [[Dikchu]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bankifscmicrbranchdetails.c12.in/page.php?ifsc=SBIN0009037 |title=STATE BANK OF INDIA, DIKCHU}}</ref>
*[[Union Bank of India]], Mangan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bankifscmicrbranchdetails.c12.in/page.php?ifsc=UBIN0557455 |title=UNION BANK OF INDIA, MANGAN}}</ref>
*[[Uco Bank]], Mangan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bankifscmicrbranchdetails.c12.in/page.php?ifsc=UCBA0003280 |title=UCO BANK, MANGAN}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|North Sikkim}}
* {{Official website|1=https://northsikkim.nic.in/}}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline|North Sikkim}}
* {{citation |title=Places to Visit in North Sikkim |work=Tripoto |url=https://www.tripoto.com/places-to-visit/india/north-sikkim |access-date=2 November 2014}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = North Sikkim
|North = ''[[People's Republic of China]]''
|Northeast =
|East = ''[[People's Republic of China]]''
|Southeast = [[East Sikkim]]
|South = [[South Sikkim]]
|Southwest = [[West Sikkim]]
|West = {{NEP|Nepal}}
|Northwest =
}}

{{Sikkim}}

[[Category:North Sikkim district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Sikkim]]

North Sikkim district - Revision history

imported>Rodw: Disambiguated: Lachen → Lachen, Sikkim, Mangan → Mangan, India