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{{Short description|Species of Old World monkey}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Nilgiri langur<ref name="msw3">{{MSW3 Groves | pages = 178|id=12100723}}</ref>
| image = Nilgiri langur (1) by N. A. Naseer.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{Cite iucn | author = Singh, M. | author2 = Kumar, A. | author3 = Molur, S. | name-list-style = amp | title = ''Trachypithecus johnii'' | volume = 2008 | page = e.T44694A10927987 | date = 2008 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T44694A10927987.en }}</ref>
| genus = Semnopithecus
| species = johnii
| authority = ([[Johann Baptist Fischer|J. Fischer]], 1829)
| synonyms = *''[[Trachypithecus]] johnii''
| synonyms_ref =
| subdivision_ranks =
| subdivision =
| range_map = Nilgiri Langur area.png
| range_map_caption = Nilgiri langur range
}}

The '''Nilgiri langur''' (''Semnopithecus johnii'')<ref name=itis/> is a [[langur]] (a type of [[Old World monkey]]) found in the [[Nilgiri Hills]] of the Western Ghats in [[South India]]. Its range also includes [[Kodagu]] in [[Karnataka]], Kodayar Hills in [[Tamil Nadu]], and many other hilly areas in [[Kerala]] and Tamil Nadu. This [[primate]] has glossy black fur on its body and golden brown fur on its head. It is similar in size and long-tailed like the [[gray langur]]s. Females have a white patch of fur on the inner thigh. It typically lives in troops of nine to ten monkeys.<ref name="iucn" /> Its diet consists of fruits, shoots and leaves. The species is classified as vulnerable due to [[habitat destruction]] and poaching for its fur and flesh, the latter believed to have [[aphrodisiac]] properties.<ref name="studybk">{{Cite web | last1 = Malviya | first1 = M. | last2 = Srivastav | first2 = A. | last3 = Nigam | first3 = P. | last4 = Tyagi | first4 = P. C. | title = Indian National Studbook of Nilgiri Langur (''Trachypithecus johnii'') | url = http://www.cza.nic.in/Nilgiri%20Langur%20studbook.pdf | year = 2011 | publisher = [[Wildlife Institute of India]], Dehradun and [[Central Zoo Authority]], New Delhi}}</ref>

==Taxonomy and Classification==
The classification of the Nilgiri langur has been disputed. Traditionally it has been placed within the genus ''Trachypithecus'' based on morphological similarities such as cranial morphology and neonatal pelage color, and within the ''Trachypithecus vetulus'' group within ''Trachypithecus'' based on a presumed close relationship with the [[purple-faced langur]], which had been classified as ''Trachypithecus vetulus''. DNA and other evidence suggests that the Nilgiri langur and purple-faced langur are more closely related to the [[gray langur]]s and have thus been reclassified within the genus ''Semnopithecus''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Volume 3: Primates|chapter=Introduction|edition=1st|author1=Wilson, Don E. |author2=Mittermeier, Russell A. |author3=Rylands, Anthony B. |chapter-url=https://www.lynxeds.com/hmw/introduction/introduction-hmw-volume-3-primates|access-date=2018-08-30|year=2012|publisher=Lynx Edicions|isbn= 978-8496553897}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Phylogenetic position of the langur genera Semnopithecus and Trachypithecus among Asian colobines, and genus affiliations of their species groups|author1=Osterholz, Martin |author2=Walter, Lutz |author3=Roos, Christian |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-8-58|pmid=18298809|pmc=2268674|year=2008|volume=8|issue=58|pages=58}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Asian Primate Classification|author=Brandon–Jones, D.|display-authors=etal|year=2004|journal=International Journal of Primatology|volume=25|issue=1|pages=97–164|citeseerx=10.1.1.694.7983|doi=10.1023/B:IJOP.0000014647.18720.32|s2cid=29045930}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Phylogenetic Relationships among the Colobine Monkeys Revisited: New Insights from Analyses of Complete mt Genomes and 44 Nuclear Non-Coding Markers|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=7|issue=4|pages=e36274|author=Xiao Ping Wang|display-authors=etal|date=27 April 2012|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0036274|pmid=22558416|pmc=3338693|bibcode=2012PLoSO...736274W}}</ref><ref name=itis>{{cite web|title=Semnopithecus johnii|work=ITIS Report|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=944270#null|publisher=ITIS|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of langurs and leaf monkeys of South Asia (Primates: Colobinae)|author=Karanth, K. Praveen|display-authors=etal|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=46|issue=2|year=2008|pages=683–694|url=http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/biodiversity/pubs/ces_pubs/pubs_2008/theme1_08.pdf|access-date=2018-08-30|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2007.11.026|pmid=18191589}}</ref>

==Description==
The head-plus-body length is 78–80 cm in adult males and 58–60 cm in adult females, with the tail adding between 68.5 and 96.5 cm. The males weigh 9.1-14.8 kg, the females 10.9–12 kg.<ref name="studybk"/> The gestation period is not precisely known but assumed to be similar to the closely related Hanuman Langur, i.e. 200 days.<ref name="studybk"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Trachypithecus johnii}}
{{Wikispecies|Trachypithecus johni|Nilgiri langur}}
*ARKive - [https://web.archive.org/web/20060507030040/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Semnopithecus_johnii/ images and movies of the Nilgiri langur ''(Semnopithecus johnii)'']

{{C.Colobinae nav}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1144310}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:langur, Nilgiri}}
[[Category:Semnopithecus|Nilgiri langur]]
[[Category:Primates of South Asia]]
[[Category:Monkeys in India]]
[[Category:Fauna of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Mammals of India]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Vulnerable fauna of Asia]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1829|Nilgiri langur]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Baptist Fischer|Nilgiri langur]]

Nilgiri langur - Revision history

imported>Citation bot: Add: s2cid. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Use Indian English from January 2020 | via #UCB_Category 535/1871