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[[File:CarewArms.png|thumb|Arms of Carew: ''Or, three [[Lions in heraldry|lions passant]] in pale sable''<ref>Debrett's Peerage, 1968, Carew Baronets, p.155; Baron Carew p.216</ref> These were the arms shown on the seal of ''Nic(olae)us de Carru'' (c. 1255 – 1311), appended to the [[Barons' Letter, 1301]] and blazoned in the 1301 [[Roll of arms|Caerlaverock Roll of Arms]]]]
[[File:Seal NicholasCarew BaronsLetter 1301.png|thumb|150px|Seal of Nicholas Carew (died 1311) affixed to the [[Barons' Letter of 1301]] showing: ''Three [[Lions in heraldry|lions passant]] in pale'' with inscription: ''S(IGILLUM) NICHOLAI DE CARREW'' ("seal of Nicholas de Carew")]]
'''Nicholas Carew''' (died 1311), [[Moulsford|Lord of Moulsford]], was a [[baron]] of [[medieval England]] who took part in the [[Wars of Scottish Independence]].

He was feudal lord of [[Carew Castle]] in [[Pembrokeshire]], feudal lord of Odrone<ref>Vivian, 1895, p.134</ref> (mod. [[Idrone West|Idrone]], [[County Carlow]])<ref>In the 16th century the [[List of baronies of Ireland|Irish territorial barony]] of Odrone represented about 6,360 acres, when held by Sir [[Peter Carew (adventurer)|Peter Carew]] (c. 1514 – 1575) of [[Mohuns Ottery]] in Devon ([[John Hooker (English constitutionalist)|Hooker, John]], ''The Life and Times of Sir Peter Carew: Kt., (from the Original Manuscript)'', p. 254, footnote [https://books.google.com/books?id=5XcLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA254]); the location of Odrone is unclear, but see National Library of Ireland document "Pos1707", described as: "[Lambeth Palace Library Ms 635 (extracts)] The meares and bounds of the Barony of Odrone. Names of the towns, inhabitants etc. of Odrone. Map of the Barony of Odrone; extensive list of place names; inhabitants listed and map of the barony".[https://www.johngrenham.com/records/estates.php?civilparishid=508&civilparish=Tullowcreen&search_type=full]. It was the residence of the Irish King [[Art Óg mac Murchadha Caomhánach]] (Art MacMurrough-Kavanagh). A letter from Anthony St Leger to King Henry VIII states: "And upon th'arryvall of Your Graces Deputie, he, with your Chaunceler, th'Erle of Ormonde your Thesaurer, Chieffe Justice, and capytaynes, dyrected a jornay a jornay into '''Odrone''', where McMorgho and his kynsmen, called the Kevenaghes, doo inhabyte, who had commytted, in the commotion tyme, infynyte hurtes to Your Graces subjectes. In revenging whereof Your Graces Deputie remayned 10 dayes in that contrey, commyttyng burnynges, spoyles, and other hurtes, where we had fynally a communycacion with the saide McMorgho and Kevenaghes. And after many haynous offences by us alleadged to the sayde Kevenaghes, they conformed them to certen orders and directions, as appeareth by wryting, the copy whereof ys inclosed in Your Graces Deputies letters now addressed to Your Highnes, as he hathe informed us, of all the procedinges used therein."(State Papers: Henry VIII, Vol.111, Part III, pp. 239–243 ''Correspondence between the governments of England and ...''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2X4vAAAAMAAJ&dq=odrone+mcmorgho+kevenaghes&pg=PA242]); See [[John Patrick Prendergast|Prendergast, John Patrick]] (1808–1893), ''The Plantation of Idrone by Sir Peter Carew'', Journal of the Kilkenny Archæological Society</ref> in Ireland and [[lord of the manor]] of [[Moulsford]] in Berkshire (since 1974 in Oxfordshire), was a soldier. He was the first of the Carew family to form a connection with the English county of Devon,<ref>Pole, p.333</ref> where his descendants became very prominent until modern times. His descendants obtained three [[Carew baronets|Carew baronetcies]] and four peerage titles, namely [[Baron Carew]] (1605) in the [[Peerage of England]] (for [[Sir George Carew]] (1555–1629), created in 1626 [[Earl of Totnes]]) and [[Baron Carew]] (1834) in the [[Peerage of Ireland]] and Baron Carew (1838) of Castle Boro in the County of Wexford, in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]] (both for [[Robert Carew, 1st Baron Carew|Robert Shapland Carew]] (1787–1856)).

==Origins==
He was the eldest son and heir of Nicholas de Carew (died 1297), feudal lord of Carew Castle in Pembrokeshire, [[lord of the manor]] of [[Moulsford]] in Berkshire and ''jure uxoris'' feudal lord of Odrone, by his wife Avice Tuitt, daughter and heiress of Richard Tuitt of Marston in County Westmeath, Ireland, whose family had acquired the Barony of Odrone by an earlier marriage to the heiress of Odrone.<ref>Vivian, 1895, p.133-4, incl. footnotes</ref>

==Career==
As ''Nic(olae)us de Carru, D(omi)n(u)s de Mulesford'' ("Nicholas de Carew, [[lord of the manor]] of [[Moulsford]]") he was one of 103 signatories of the [[Barons' Letter of 1301]] addressed to [[Pope Boniface VIII]] as a repudiation of his claim of feudal overlordship of Scotland and as a defence of the rights of King [[King Edward I]] of England as overlord of that kingdom.

=="Baron Carew"==
In 1300–1 he was summoned to [[House of Lords|Parliament]] by [[writ]] of King Edward I (1272–1307) as ''Dominus de Moulsford'' ("[[lord of the manor]] of Moulsford") by which he is deemed to have become [[Baron Carew]].<ref>[[Victoria County History]]: A History of the County of Berkshire, Volume 3, Page, William & Ditchfield, P.H. (eds.), 1923, pp. 504–7, note 44, quoting: Parliamentary Writs (Record Commission), Vol.I, p.104 [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/berks/vol3/pp504-507]</ref> He is called "Baron Carew" in various sources,<ref>Vivian, 1895, pp. 133–4, calls him "Lord Carew", his father "Baron of Carew" and his grandfather "Baron of Carew and Moulesford"</ref> but a [[peerage]] title [[Baron Carew]] at this early date is not mentioned in the authoritative [[Complete Peerage]] (1887–98) by [[George Edward Cokayne]]. [[William Pole (antiquary)|Pole]] however states that he was summoned to Parliament by [[writ]] of King Edward I (1272–1307), which would have made him a [[baron]].<ref>Pole, p.129</ref> If so, there is no clear descent of such barony, and no explanation of why it had no clear ending.<ref>The original text of the Heraldic Visitations of Devon, as declared by the Carew family (thus in italics), names his descendant "Sir Edward Carew, Baron of Carew of Mohun Autrie" (died 1513), yet drops such title in naming his eldest son "Sir William Carew of Mohuns Autrie", none of whose own sons are named or generally recognised as barons or peers(Vivian, 1895, p.135)</ref> According to Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage, 1968: ''"For several generations the heads of the family are described as Barons of Carew and Hidron, but none of them sat in Parliament with the exception of Nicholas de Carew who subscribed to the celebrated Barons' letter to the Pope in 1300"''.<ref>Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage, 1968, p.155, re Carew baronets of Haccombe</ref>

==Caerlaverock Roll==
He was present at the Siege of [[Caerlaverock Castle]] in Scotland in 1301, during which his armorials were amongst those [[blazon]]ed in French verse by English heralds in the [[Roll of arms|Caerlaverock Roll of Arms]], as follows:<ref>[[s:The Roll of Caerlaverock/The Roll]]</ref>
:An vaillant home e de grant los
:O lui, Nichole de Karru,
:Dont meinte foiz orent paru
:Li fait en couvert e en lande
:Sur la felloune gent d'Irlande;
:Baniere ot jaune bien passable,
:O treis lyouns passans de sable.

("A valliant man ... Nicholas de Carew, who many times appeared ... a banner of gold ... three lions passant of sable")

==Marriage and children==
[[File:PeverellOfErmington Arms.png|thumb|150px|Arms of Peverell of Ermington: ''Or, an eagle displayed azure''<ref>[[William Pole (antiquary)|Pole, Sir William]] (died 1635), Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon, [[Sir John de la Pole, 6th Baronet|Sir John-William de la Pole]] (ed.), London, 1791, pp.317,496; [[Tristram Risdon|Risdon, Tristram]] (died 1640), Survey of Devon, 1811 edition, London, 1811, with 1810 Additions, p.185</ref>]]
He married Amicia (or Amy) Peverell,<ref>Pole, pp.513,</ref> daughter of Hugh Peverell [[lord of the manor]] of [[Ermington, Devon|Ermington]] in Devon, and heiress of her brother Sir John Peverell of Ermington,<ref>Vivian, p.134</ref> the last in the male line. By Amicia he had children including:
*John Carew (died 1324), eldest son and heir, who married twice:
**Firstly to Elinor de Mohun, daughter and heiress of Sir William de Mohun of [[Mohuns Ottery]]<ref>Risdon, p.38</ref> in the parish of [[Luppit]], Devon, by whom he had a son Nicholas Carew (died 1323) who married Elinor Talbot, daughter of Richard Lord Talbot,(''sic'', Vivian, 1895) (should be Sir Richard Talbot, who signed and sealed the Barons' Letter, 1301 and held the manor of Eccleswall in Herefordshire in right of his wife Sarah, sister of [[William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick]]) but died childless.<ref>Pole, p.333</ref> Sir William de Mohun of [[Mohuns Ottery]] was a younger son of Reginald de Mohun (1206–1258), [[feudal baron of Dunster]] (son), by his second wife Isabel de Ferrers, widow of [[Gilbert Basset]] (died 1241)<ref>Pole, p.128</ref> and daughter of [[William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby]] (1193–1254) by his wife Sibyl Marshal, a daughter and co-heiress of [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke]] (1146/7-1219).<ref>Sanders, I.J. English Baronies: A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327, Oxford, 1960, p.114</ref> Reginald de Mohun gave the manor of Ottery to his younger son Sir William Mohun.<ref>Pole, p.128</ref>
**Secondly John Carew married Joan Talbot, daughter of Sir Gilbert Talbot, by whom he had a son John Carew (died 1363), the heir of his half-brother Nicholas Carew (died 1323),<ref>Pole, p.333</ref> from whom he inherited [[Mohuns Ottery]], an important future seat of the Carew family. Joan Talbot survived him and remarried to John Dartmouth (''alias'' Tuckett).<ref>Vivian, p.134</ref>
*Thomas de Carew (died 1331).<ref>Vivian, p.134</ref>
*William de Carew (died 1359), died childless.<ref>Vivian, p.134</ref>
*David de Carew<ref>Vivian, p.134</ref>

Sometimes claimed to be a son but more likely a grandson<ref>{{citation|first = Carole |last = Rawcliffe |article = Carew, Nicholas (d. 1390) |title = Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher = Oxford University Press |date = Jan 2008 |url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/38894 |access-date = 19 July 2017}}</ref> was [[Nicholas Carew (Lord Privy Seal)|Nicholas Carew]] (died 1390), of [[Beddington]] in Surrey, [[Lord Privy Seal|Keeper of the Privy Seal]] during the reign of King [[Edward III]]. He married Lucy, daughter and heiress of Sir [[Richard de Willoughby|Richard Willoughby]] (c. 1290 – 1362), [[Chief Justice of the King's Bench]] and widow of the MP Sir [[Thomas Huscarle]]<ref>Lysons, Daniel, ''The Environs of London'', Volume 1, ''County of Surrey'', London, 1792, pp. 49–67, ''Beddington''[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/london-environs/vol1/pp49-67]</ref><ref>Vivian, p.134 "Huscort,"</ref> (d. by 1352), of [[Purley Magna]] in Berkshire, and his descendants lived at Beddington for several generations.

==Landholdings==
Through his wife he inherited several manors including:
*[[Weston Peverell]], near [[Plymouth]];<ref>Pole, p.333; Vivian, p.134</ref>
*[[Mamhead]]<ref>Pole, p.259</ref>
*Ashford<ref>Pole, p.334</ref>
*Galmeton<ref>[[Tristram Risdon|Risdon, Tristram]] (died 1640), Survey of Devon, 1811 edition, London, 1811, with 1810 Additions, p.185</ref>

==Further reading==
*''The Life of Sir Peter Carew, of Mohun Ottery, co. Devon.'', edited by [[Sir Thomas Phillipps, 1st Baronet]] (1792–1872), published 1840 in [[Society of Antiquaries of London#Publications|''Archaeologia'']], the journal of the Society of Antiquaries of London. Concerning early history of the Carew family, source quoted by Vivian, 1895.
*[[William Henry Hamilton Rogers|Hamilton-Rogers, William Henry]], [https://archive.org/stream/memorialsofwesth00roge/memorialsofwesth00roge_djvu.txt ''Memorials of the West, Historical and Descriptive, Collected on the Borderland of Somerset, Dorset and Devon''], Exeter, 1888, chapter ''The Nest of Carew (Ottery-Mohun)'', pp. 269–330, esp. pp. 286 et seq. [https://archive.org/stream/memorialsofwesth00roge#page/n317/mode/2up]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
*[[John Lambrick Vivian|Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L.]], (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the [[Heraldic visitation|Heralds' Visitations]] of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, pedigree of Carew, esp. pp. 133–4
*[[William Pole (antiquary)|Pole, Sir William]] (died 1635), Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon, [[Sir John de la Pole, 6th Baronet|Sir John-William de la Pole]] (ed.), London, 1791, especially pp. 129–31 and 333-4, descent of Carew.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carew, Nicholas}}
[[Category:1311 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Moulsford]]
[[Category:People from Pembrokeshire]]
[[Category:English people of the Wars of Scottish Independence]]
[[Category:Carew family|Nicholas]]

Nicholas Carew (died 1311) - Revision history

LouJ11418910501: adding article