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{{Distinguish|Nishadas|Nishadha|Nishada (moth)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
[[File:Nishad (Ni).jpg|thumb|Nishada (Ni)]]
'''Niṣāda''', also known as '''Nishada''' or '''Nishad''', is the seventh [[svara]] from the seven svaras of [[Hindustani music]] and [[Carnatic music]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rahaim |first1=Matthew |title=Musicking Bodies: Gesture and Voice in Hindustani Music |date=20 May 2013 |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |isbn=978-0-8195-7327-8 |page=93 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Musicking_Bodies/eBNEEvVb3g4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Nishad&pg=PA93&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://raag-hindustani.com/Notes.html|title=The Notes in an Octave in Indian Classical Music - Raag Hindustani|website=raag-hindustani.com}}</ref> Nishada is the long form of the syllable नी.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brainly.in/question/4916824|title=What is the full form of SA,RA,GA,MA,PA,DHA,NI,SA - Brainly.in|website=brainly.in}}</ref> For simplicity in pronouncing while singing the syllable, Nishada is pronounced as Ni (notation - N). It is also called as निषाद in the [[Devanagri]] script.

==More information and importance of Nishada==

The following is the information about Nishada and its importance in [[Indian classical music]] :

* Nishada is the seventh svara in an octave or [[Saptak]].
* Nishada is the immediate next svara of [[Dhaivat]] (Dha).
* The [[svara]] of Nishada is Komal and Shuddha.
* It is said that Sadja is the basic svara from which all the other 6 svaras are produced. When we break the word Sadja then we get, Shad And Ja. It means that Shad is 6 and ja is 'giving birth' in [[marathi (language)|Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://saxonianfolkways.wordpress.com/2013/01/30/the-7-shadows-of-shadja/|title=The 7 Shadows of Shadja|first1=R. A. M.|last1=Ch|first2=Rakausika राम|last2=च 51|date=30 January 2013}}</ref> So basically the translation is :
'''षड् - 6, ज -जन्म . Therefore, it collectively means giving birth to the other six notes of the music.'''
So the svara Ni is formed from [[Sadja]].
* The frequency of Nishada is 450 Hz. The frequencies of the seven svaras are also given below: Sa 240 Hz, Re 270 Hz, Ga 300 Hz, Ma 320 Hz, Pa 360 Hz, Dha 400 Hz, and Ni 450 Hz, Sa 480 Hz (Taar Saptak) ........ (and so on).
Consequently, the Ni after the Dha of 900 Hz (Taar Saptak) has a frequency of 800 Hz i.e. the double of the Lower octave Ni.
* There are [[Shruti]]'s of Nishada. Previously the main Shruti, not only for Ni but for all the other svaras, was on the last Shruti but now it is considered to be on the 1st Shurti.
For example, if these are the 2 Shruti's of Ni then,

'''Previously this was the position of the main Shruti of Ni'''.
'''^'''
'''1 2'''
''' ^'''
'''But now this position has become the main Shruti of Ni'''.
* All the other svaras except Sadja (Sa) and Pancham (Pa) can be {{lang|hi-Latn|Komal}} or {{lang|hi-Latn|Tivra}} svaras but Sa and Pa are always Shuddha svaras. And hence svaras Sa and Pa are called '''Achal Svaras''', since these svaras don't move from their original position. Svaras Ra, Ga, Ma, Dha, Ni are called '''Chal Svaras''', since these svaras move from their original position.

'''Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni - Shuddha Svaras'''

'''Re, Ga, Dha, Ni - {{lang|hi-Latn|Komal Svaras}}'''

'''Ma - {{lang|hi-Latn|Tivra Svaras}}'''
* Ragas from [[Khamaj Thaat]], [[Kafi Thaat]], [[Asavari Thaat]] and [[Bhairavi (thaat)|Bhairavi Thaat]] have Komal Nishada, rest of the [[thaat]]s have Shuddha Nishada.
* Ragas where Ni is the Vadi svara - Raga [[Jaunpuri (raga)|Jaunpuri]], Raga [[Tilang]], etc. Ragas where Ni is the Samvadi svara - Raga [[Purvi]], Raga [[Yaman (raga)|Yaman]], etc.
* Hypothetically speaking, Ni is said to be Nirakar Bhrama, Nirakar Bhrama as in, the three main gods, [[Bhrama]], [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva]] were first created i.e. Sakar Bhrama (Sa) and then these three gods created Rishimuni i.e. Re and then [[Gandharvas]] were created for singing and then lord Indra or Raja Indra i.e. Mahipal was created and once the Mahipal (Raja) or the king was created, the Praja or the common citizens or the people were made, and as people have their own Dharma or duty/religion, the religion was made, when religion was made the Nirakar form of Bhrama is formed i.e. Dharma created the Nirakar form of Bhrama (Ni). Ni is made the acronym of Nirakar Bhrama for showing the importance of the syllable Ni. So it started with Sakar Bhrama (Sa) and ends with Nirakar Bhrama (Ni). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-significance-of-Seven-Sur-Sa-Re-Ga-Ma-Pa-Dha-Ni-Sa-in-music|title=What is the significance of Seven Sur (Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa) in music? - Quora|website=www.quora.com}}</ref>
* Nishada is said to be sourced from the trumpeting of the [[elephant]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://adharashadja.wordpress.com/2017/03/21/swara-and-shruti/|title=SWARA AND SHRUTI|date=21 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dollsofindia.com/library/raga_ragini/|title=The Raga Ragini System of Indian Classical Music|first=Priya|last=Viswanathan|date=15 March 2007|website=Dolls of India}}</ref>
* Nishada is associated with the planet [[Venus]]. <ref name="auto"/>
* Nishada is associated with Multi colours. <ref name="auto"/>

==See also==
* [[List of Ragas in Hindustani classical music]]
* [[Svara]]
* [[Shruti (music)]]
* [[Chalan (music)|Chalan]]
* [[Ṣaḍja]] (Sa)
* [[Ṛiṣabha]] (Re)
* [[Gāndhāra]] (Ga)
* [[Madhyama (music)]] (Ma)
* [[Panchama]] (Pa)
* [[Dhaivat]] (Dha)

----

[[Ni (svara)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hindustani music]]
[[Category:Carnatic music]]
[[Category:Hindustani music terminology]]
[[Category:Carnatic music terminology]]

Niṣāda - Revision history

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