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{{short description|Land service branch of the Nepalese Armed Forces}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Nepali Army
| native_name = नेपाली सेना
| image = Nepali_Army_Unit_Insignia_Image.png
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Emblem of the Nepali Army
| start_date = {{Start date |df=yes|1560 AD}}
| country = [[Nepal]]
| type = [[Army]]
| role = [[Land warfare|Land operations]]
| size = 98,000 [[Active duty|active-duty]]
| command_structure = [[Nepalese Armed Forces]]
| website = [https://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/ nepalarmy.mil.np]
| current_commander = [[General|Gen.]] [[Prabhu Ram Sharma]]
| commander1_label = [[Chief of Army Staff (Nepal)|Chief of Army Staff]]
| commander2 = Lieutenant General Saroj Pratap Rana
| commander2_label = Vice chief of Army Staff
| commander3 = Lieutenant General Sitaram Khadka
| commander3_label = Assistant Chief of Army Staff
| garrison = Jangi Adda, Bhadrakali, [[Kathmandu]], [[Bagmati Province|Bagmati Pradesh]]
| garrison_label = Garrison
| motto = Better to die than to be a coward
| colors =
| colors_label = Colours
| march =
| mascot =
| battles = {{collapsible list
| titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
| title = ''See list:''
|'''In the [[Indian subcontinent]]'''
* {{small|[[Mir Qasim#Life|1763 Mughal Bengal Subah invasion of Nepal]]}}
* {{small|[[Battle of Sindhuli]]}}
* {{small|[[Battle of Kirtipur]]}}
* {{small|[[Battle of Kathmandu]]}}
* {{small|[[Battle of Bhaktapur]]}}
* {{small|[[Sino-Nepalese War|Sino−Nepalese War]]}}
* {{small|[[Gurkha–Sikh War|Gurkha−Sikh War]]}}
* {{small|[[Anglo-Nepalese War|Anglo−Nepalese War]]}}
* {{small|[[Third Nepal-Tibet War|Nepalese−Tibetan War]]}}
* {{small|[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]}}
* {{small|[[Waziristan campaign (1919–1920)|First Waziristan Campaign]]}}
* {{small|[[Waziristan campaign (1921–1924)|Second Waziristan Campaign]]}}
* {{small|[[Waziristan campaign (1936–1939)|Third Waziristan Campaign]]}}
* {{small|[[Nepalese Civil War|Nepalese Civil War (1996–2006)]]}}
'''Outside of the Indian subcontinent'''
* {{small|[[World War I]]}} {{small|(see [[World War I casualties# Nepal|Nepalese casualties]])}}
* {{small|[[Third Anglo-Afghan War|Third Anglo−Afghan War]]}}
* {{small|[[World War II]]}} {{small|(see [[World War II casualties# Nepal|Nepalese casualties]])}}
* {{small|[[Somali Civil War]]}}
* {{small|[[Second Sudanese Civil War]]}}
* {{small|[[Sierra Leone Civil War]]}}
* {{small|[[Eritrean–Ethiopian War|Eritrean−Ethiopian War]]}}
* {{small|[[1999 East Timorese crisis]]}}
* {{small|[[Syrian Civil War]]}}
}}
| notable_commanders = {{plainlist|
* [[Kalu Pande]]
* [[Ram Krishna Kunwar]]
* [[Vamsharaj Pande]]
* [[Abhiman Singh Basnyat]]
* [[Damodar Pande]]
* [[Amar Singh Thapa]]
}}
| anniversaries = [[Maha Shivratri]]<ref>{{cite web|date=15 February 2018|title=Nepali Army {{!}} नेपाली सेना|url=https://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/viewnews/266|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901120623/https://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/viewnews/266|archive-date=1 September 2018|access-date=20 January 2021|website=www.nepalarmy.mil.np}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2 March 2019|title=Nepal Army to observe Army Day on Monday|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/60424/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120074754/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/60424/|archive-date=20 January 2021|access-date=20 January 2021|website=[[Republica (newspaper)|myRepublica]]|language=en}}</ref>
| decorations = 
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_label =
| identification_symbol_2 =
| identification_symbol_2_label =
}}
[[File:Nepal army-Basantapur darbar square3.JPG|thumb|Nepal Army's Guruju Paltan (a ceremonial infantry company) in traditional uniform]]
[[File:Kukri, karda & chakmak.jpg|thumb|[[Khukuri]], Karda and Chakmak. Khukuri is the symbolic weapon of the Nepali Army|alt=]]

The '''Nepali Army''' ({{lang-ne|नेपाली सेना|translit=Nēpālī Sēnā}}), technically the '''Gorkhali Army''' ({{lang-ne|गोरखाली सेना|translit=Gōrakhālī Sēnā|label=none}}; see ''[[Gorkha]]s''), is the [[Ground warfare|land]] [[Military branch|service branch]] of the [[Nepalese Armed Forces|Nepali Armed Forces]]. During the period of the [[unification of Nepal|Nepali unification campaign]], it was known as the ''Gorkhali Army'' and later as the ''Royal Nepali Army'' following the establishment of a [[Kingdom of Nepal|Hindu monarchy in Nepal]]. It was officially renamed to the Nepali Army on 28 May 2008, following the abolition of the 240-year-old [[Shah dynasty]] shortly after the [[Nepalese Civil War|Nepali Civil War]].

The Nepali Army has participated in various conflicts throughout its history, going as far back as the Nepali unification campaign launched by [[Prithvi Narayan Shah]] of the [[Gorkha Kingdom]]. It has engaged in an extensive number of battles within [[South Asia]], and continues to take part in global conflicts as part of [[United Nations peacekeeping]] coalitions.

The Nepali Army is headquartered in [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]] and the incumbent [[Chief of Army Staff (Nepal)|Chief of Army Staff]] is [[General officer|General]] [[Prabhu Ram Sharma]].

==History==
[[File:Nepali soldiers Le Bon 1885.jpg|thumb|Nepali national soldiers by [[Gustave Le Bon]], 1885]]
The [[Unification of Nepal|Nepal unification]] campaign was a turning point in the history of the Nepali army. Since unification was not possible without a strong army, the management of the armed forces had to be exceptional. Apart from the standard Malla era temples in [[Kathmandu]], the army organized itself in [[Gorkha]]. Technicians and experts had to be brought in from abroad to manufacture war materials. After the [[Gurkha|Gorkhali]] troops captured Nuwakot, the hilly northern part of Kathmandu (Kantipur) in 1744, the [[Gurkha|Gorkhali armed forces]] came to be known as the Royal Nepali Army.

Their performance impressed their enemies so much that the [[East India Company|British East-India Company]] started recruiting Nepali troops into their forces. The native British soldiers called the new soldiers "[[Gurkhas]]".
The [[Gurkha-Sikh War]] began shortly after, in 1809. In 1946, the Royal Nepali Army troops were led by [[Commanding General]] [[Sir Baber Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana]] at the Victory Parade in [[London]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}}

Former [[Indian Army]] Chief of Staff [[Field Marshal]] [[Sam Manekshaw]] once stated that: "If a man says he is not afraid of dying, he is either lying or he is a Gorkhali."

Prior to 2006, the Nepali Army was known as the Royal Nepali Army and was under the control of the [[King of Nepal]]. Following the ''Loktantra Andolan'' (People's Movement for Democracy) on May 18, 2006, a bill was passed by the Nepali parliament curtailing royal power, which included renaming the army.<ref>{{Cite news
|first = Charles
|last = Haviland
|title = Erasing the 'royal' in Nepal
|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4998666.stm
|work = BBC News
|date = 2006-05-19
|access-date = 2006-09-23
}}</ref>

In 2004, Nepal spent $99.2 million on its military (1.5% of its GDP). Since 2002, the RNA had been involved in the [[Nepali Civil War]]. They were also used to quell the pro-democracy protesters in April 2006 ''[[Loktantra Andolan]]''.

==Organization==

[[File:Nepal Army Special Forces.jpg|thumb|Nepal Army Soldiers at Army Day]]

The Nepali Army has about 95,000 infantry army and air service members protecting the sovereignty of [[Nepal]]. In August 2018, [[The Himalayan Times]] estimated total army forces to be around 96,000<ref name="thehimalayantimes.com">{{cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/lieutenant-general-purna-chandra-thapa-to-take-charge-of-nepali-army-as-acting-chief-of-army-staff/|title = Thapa to take charge of Nepali Army as acting CoAS|date = 9 August 2018}}</ref> while [[The Kathmandu Post]] estimated it to be 92,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-08-10/new-chief-faces-daunting-task-rebuilding-nepal-armys-image.html|title=New chief faces daunting task rebuilding Nepal Army's image}}</ref>

=== Chiefs of the Nepali Army ===
{{For|list of Army Chiefs|Chief of the Nepalese Army}}
The Chief of the Nepali Army have been mostly drawn from noble [[Chhetri]] families from [[Gorkha Kingdom|Gorkha]] such as "[[Pande dynasty]]", "[[Kunwar family]]", "[[Basnyat dynasty]]", and "[[Thapa dynasty]]" before the rule of "[[Rana dynasty]]".{{sfn|Adhikari|2015|p=154}} During the [[Shah dynasty|Shah monarchy]], the officers were drawn from these aristocratic families.{{sfn|Adhikari|2015|p=154}} During the [[Rana dynasty]], Ranas overtook the position as [[wikt:birthright|birthright]].{{sfn|Adhikari|2015|p=154}} The first army chief of Nepal was King [[Prithvi Narayan Shah]] who drafted and commanded the Nepali (Gorkhali) Army.{{sfn|Adhikari|2015|p=153}} The first civilian army chief was [[Kaji (Nepal)|Kaji]] [[Kalu Pande]] who had significant role in the [[Unification of Nepal|campaign of Nepal]].{{sfn|Adhikari|2015|p=153}} He was considered as army head due to the undertaking of duties and responsibilities of the army but not by the formalization of the title.{{sfn|Adhikari|2015|p=153}}

[[Mukhtiyar]] [[Bhimsen Thapa]] was the first person to use ''Commander-in-Chief'' as the title of army chief.{{sfn|Adhikari|2015|p=155}} King [[Rajendra Bikram Shah]] appointed Bhimsen to the post of Commander-in-Chief and praised Bhimsen for long service to the nation.{{sfn|Pradhan|2012|p=149}} However, on 14 June 1837, the King took over the command of all the battalions put in charge of various courtiers, and himself became the [[Commander-in-Chief]].{{sfn|Acharya|2012|p=215}}{{sfn|Nepal|2007|p=105}} Immediately after the incarceration of the [[Thapa dynasty|Thapas]] in 1837, [[Dalbhanjan Pande]] and [[Rana Jang Pande]] were the joint head of military administration.{{sfn|Nepal|2007|p=106}} However, Rana Jang was removed after 3 months in October 1837.{{sfn|Acharya|2012|p=160}}{{sfn|Oldfield|1880|p=311}}{{sfn|Nepal|2007|p=109}}{{sfn|Pradhan|2012|p=164}}

Since the regime of ''Mukhtiyar'' Bhimsen, only seven army chiefs of Nepal were non-Rana [[Chhetri]]s including [[Shah dynasty|Shahs]] while others were all [[Rana family|Ranas]] till 1951.{{sfn|Adhikari|2015|p=155}} Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) was replaced by Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) from the reign of General Singha Pratap Shah.

== Operations ==

=== Battles defending the Kingdom of Nepal ===
*Battle against [[Mir Qasim]] – 1763 AD
*Battle of Pauwa Gadhi against Captain Kinloch- 1767 AD
* [[Anglo-Nepalese War|Anglo-Nepali War]] – 1814 AD
* First Nepal – Tibet War
* [[Sino-Nepalese War|Nepal-Tibet/China War]]
*[[Nepalese-Tibetan War|Last Nepal-Tibet War]]
*[[Nepalese Civil War|Nepali Civil War]]

===Battles during the unification of Nepal===
{{main|Unification of Nepal}}
*[[Battle of Kirtipur]]
*[[Battle of Kathmandu]]
*[[Battle of Bhaktapur]]
*[[Limbuwan-Gorkha War]]
*Invasion of Doti Kingdom

===International conflicts===
* Indian Sepoy Mutiny
* [[Allies of World War I#Personnel and casualties|World War I]] ([[World War I casualties# Nepal|Casualties]])
* Waziristan War
* Afghan War (1919)
* [[Nepal in World War II|World War II]]
* Hyderabad Action (1948)

===International operations===
The Nepali Army has contributed more than 100,000 [[peacekeeping|peacekeepers]] to a variety of [[United Nations]]-sponsored peacekeeping missions such as:
* [[United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon]] ([[UNIFIL]]),
* [[United Nations Operation in Somalia II|UNOSOMII]] the [[United Nations Protection Force]] (UNPROFOR), [[United Nations Operation in Somalia II|UN Operational Mission Somalia II]],
* [[UNMIH|MINUSTAH]] the [[United Nations Mission in Haiti]].
* [[UNAMSIL]] – Currently, Nepal is sending an 800-man battalion to serve in the peacekeeping mission in [[Sierra Leone]] (UNAMSIL).
* [[UNMIS]] – The Nepali Army has sent a protection company of 200 personnel in [[United Nations Mission In Sudan]]. The Redeployment Coordination HQ at [[Kassala]] is also manned by the Nepali contingent. The RCHQ was intended to monitor withdrawals from the eastern sectors of the UNMIS area under the Sudan [[Comprehensive Peace Accord]].
[[File:DA-ST-96-01245 c1.JPEG|thumb|200px|right|A member of the Nepali Quick Reactionary Force (QRF) stands ready with a variant of the Galil assault rifle.]]
* [[UNDOF]]
* [[MINUSMA]] – For the first time,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=68719|title=In a first, NA peacekeepers to dispose explosives under UN mission|access-date=23 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023142905/http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=68719|archive-date=23 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post/2014/01/28/news/na-to-deploy-140-soldiers-to-mali-for-peacekeeping/258634.html|title=NA to deploy 140 soldiers to Mali for peacekeeping – News – :: The Kathmandu Post ::|access-date=23 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023135319/http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post/2014/01/28/news/na-to-deploy-140-soldiers-to-mali-for-peacekeeping/258634.html|archive-date=23 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> the Nepali Army has a company of [[Explosive Ordnance Disposal|EOD]] of 140 personnel specially dedicated for improvised explosive device (IED) and ordnance disposal mission in Mali.

===U.S./Nepal military relations===

[[File:NA Rangers.jpg|thumb|Mahabir Ranger]]

{{see also|Nepal–United States relations}}
The U.S.-Nepali military relationship focuses on support for democratic institutions, [[civilian control of the military]], and the professional military ethic to include respect for human rights.
The US would support Nepal with arms, ammunition and additional commandos and soldiers if war began with its neighboring China but resisted giving any support if war broke out with India as in is an essential ally to the US in the Indo-Pacific against China and has also signed COMCASA with the US in the 2+2 meeting in September 2018. Both countries have had extensive contact over the years. Nepali Army units have served with distinction alongside American forces in places such as Haiti, Iraq, and Somalia.

U.S.-Nepali military engagement continues today through IMET, [[Enhanced International Peacekeeping Capabilities]] (EIPC), Global Peace Operations Initiative (GPOI), and various conferences and seminars. The U.S. military sends many Nepali Army officers to America to attend military schooling, such as the [[Command and General Staff College]] and the [[U.S. Army War College]]. The IMET budget for FY2001 was $220,000.

The [[EPIC program|EIPC program]] is an inter-agency program between the Department of Defense and the Department of State to increase the pool of international peacekeepers and to promote interoperability. Nepal received about $1.9 million in EPIC funding.

[[United States Pacific Command|Commander in Chief, Pacific]] (CINCPAC) coordinates military engagement with Nepal through the [[Office of Defense Cooperation]] (ODC). The ODC Nepal is located in the American Embassy [[Kathmandu]].

==Units==
The first four army units of the Nepali Army are the Shreenath, Kali Baksh (Kalibox), Barda Bahadur, and Sabuj companies founded in August 1762 by the King [[Prithvi Narayan Shah]] with [[Khas people|Khas]]/[[Chhetri]] and [[Thakuri]] clans well before the Gorkha conquest of Nepal. The Purano Gorakh Company was founded in February 1763 and is the fifth oldest unit of the Nepal army.<ref>http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/printedition/news/2013-03-09/nepal-army-day-five-nepal-army-battalions-mark-250-years-of-combat-history.html {{Bare URL inline|date=April 2022}}</ref>

* Shree Nath Battalion – established 1762
* Shree Kali Buksh Battalion – established 1762
* Shree Barda Bahadur Battalion – established 1762
* Shree Sabuj Battalion – established 1762
* Shree Purano Gorakh Battalion – established 1763
* Shree Devi Datta Battalion – established 1783
* Shree Naya Gorakh Battalion – established 1783
* Shree Bhairavi Dal Battalion – established 1785
* Shree Singhanath Battalion – established 1786 (Commando)
* Shree Shreejung Battalion – established 1783
* Shree Ranabhim Battalion – established 1783
* Shree Naya Shree Nath Battalion – established 1783
* Shree Vajradal Company – established 1806
* Shree Shree Mehar Battalion - established 1836
* Shree 'The Famous' Mahindra Dal Battalion -established 1844 A.D -1901 B.S.
* [[Nepal Artillery|Shree Rajdal Regiment (Artillery)]] (Currently expanded to three additional independent Artillery regiments)
* Shree Ganeshdal Battalion – established 1846 – signals and communications
* Shree Nepal Cavalry – established 1849 – Household Cavalry ceremonial unit since 1952
* Shree Kali Prasad Battalion (Engineers) – established 1863
* Shree Bhairavnath Battalion – established 1910 – (Parachute Battalion)
* Shree Bhagvati Prasad Company – established 1927
* Shree Khadga Dal Battalion - established 1937
* Shree Parshwavarti Company – established 1936 – served as PM's Body Guard unit and disbanded 1952
* Shree Gorkah Bahadur Battalion – established 1952 (best infantry unit of NA, then was developed for special duty of Royal Guards).
* Shree Jagadal Battalion (Air Defence)
* Shree Yuddha Kawaj Battalion (Mechanized Infantry)
* Shree Mahabir Battalion (Rangers Battalion. Equivalent to U.S Army Rangers (Part of Nepali Army Special Operation Force))
* Shree Chandan Nath Battalion – established 2004 (Infantry Unit)
* Shree Tara Dal Battalion – established 2002 (Infantry Unit)
* Shree No 1 Disaster Management Battalion – established 2012
* Shree No 2 Disaster Management Battalion – established 2012

==Equipment==
The majority of equipment used by the Nepali Army is imported from other countries. India is the army's largest supplier of arms and ammunition as well as other logistical equipment, which are often furnished under generous military grants.<ref name="Survey">{{cite web|title=Legacies of War in the Company of Peace: Firearms in Nepal|author=|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/G-Issue-briefs/NAVA-IB2-Legacies-of-War.pdf|location=Geneva|publisher=[[Small Arms Survey]]|date=May 2013|access-date=21 September 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708052928/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/G-Issue-briefs/NAVA-IB2-Legacies-of-War.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2014}}</ref> Germany, the United States, Belgium, Israel, and South Korea have also either supplied or offered arms to the Nepali Army.<ref name=Small1>{{cite book|author=Graduate Institute of International Studies|title=Small Arms Survey 2003: Development Denied|date=2003|pages=97–113|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0199251759}}</ref>

Army's first standard rifle was the Belgian [[FN FAL]], which it adopted in 1960.<ref name=Small1/> Nepali FALs were later complemented by [[Ishapore 1A1|unlicensed, Indian-manufactured variant]]s of the same weapon, as well its British counterpart, the [[L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle]].<ref name=Small1/> Beginning in 2002 these were officially supplemented in army service by the American [[M-16 rifle]], which took the FAL's place as the army's standard service rifle.<ref name=Small1/> Nevertheless, the FAL and its respective variants remain the single most prolific weapon in Nepali army service, with thousands of second-hand examples being supplied by India as late as 2005.<ref name="Survey"/>

===Small arms===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Weapon
! Origin
! Type
! Calibre
! Notes
|-
! colspan="5"| [[Pistol]]s
|-
| [[Browning Hi-Power|Hi-Power]]
| {{flag|Belgium}}
|[[Semi-automatic pistol]]
| [[9×19mm Luger|9×19mm]]
| FN ''P-35'' variant.<ref name="Jane1992IW">{{cite book | last = Hogg| first = Ian | title = Jane's Infantry Weapons|date= 1991 |edition= 17|page= 747 | publisher = Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd| isbn= 978-0710609632}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="5"| [[Submachine gun]]s
|-
| [[Heckler & Koch MP5|MP5]]<ref name="Survey"/>
| {{flag|Germany}}
|[[Submachine Gun]]
| rowspan="3" | [[9×19mm Luger|9×19mm]]
|
|-
| [[Sten]]<ref name="Jane1992IW"/>
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| rowspan="4" | [[Submachine Gun]]
|
|-
| [[Sterling submachine gun|Sterling]]<ref name="Jane1992IW"/>
|
|-
| [[Uzi]]<ref name=Transition1>{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=Haridev|editor-last=Tripathi|editor-first=Devi Prasad|title=Nepal in Transition: A Way Forward|date=2012|page=57|publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-9381411070}}</ref>
| {{flag|Israel}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="5"| [[Rifle]]s
|-
|[[INSAS rifle]]<ref name="Small1" />
| {{flag|India}}
| rowspan="11" | [[Assault rifle]]
| rowspan="8" | [[5.56×45mm]]
| The Nepali Army had about 25,000 INSAS rifles<ref name="shed-power">{{cite news|title=Wikileaks news: Why Nepal king Gyanendra shed power|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/wikileaks-news-why-nepal-king-gyanendra-shed-power/articleshow/9881252.cms|access-date=29 May 2014|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=6 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Heckler & Koch G36|G36]]
| {{flag|Germany}}
|
|-
| [[M16 rifle|M-16]]
| rowspan="3" | {{flag|United States}}
| Standard service rifle of the Nepali Army.<ref name="Small1" />
|-
|[[CAR-15]]<ref name="Survey" />
|
|-
|[[M4 carbine]]
|
|-
| [[IMI Galil]]<ref name="Survey" />
| rowspan="4" | {{flag|Israel}}
|
|-
| [[IWI Tavor]]
| Used by Army Special Forces, Ranger Battalion.
|-
| [[Tavor X95]]
|Used by Army Special Forces, Ranger Battalion. Often seen with GL40 UBGL, shown to be OTB compatible.
|-
| [[IWI ACE]]
| rowspan="3" | [[7.62×39mm]]
| Limited use by Military Police.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dvidshub.net/image/3282313/exercise-shanti-prayas-iii-closing-ceremony|title=Exercise Shanti Prayas III Closing Ceremony|work=DVIDS|access-date=2017-09-27}}</ref>
|-
|[[AKM]]
| {{flag|Soviet Union}}
| Confiscated from Maoist guerrillas during insurgency.<ref name="Survey" />
|-
| [[Type 56 assault rifle|Type 56]]
| {{flag|China}}
| 300 purchased from China in 2010.<ref name="Survey" />
|-
|[[L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle|L1A2 SLR]]
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Battle rifle]]
| rowspan="4" | [[7.62×51mm]]
| Unlicensed Indian variant designated ''1A1''.<ref name="Small1" />
|-
| [[FN FAL]]<ref name="Small1" />
| {{flag|Belgium}}
|
|-
| [[Heckler & Koch MSG90|PSG1]]<ref name="Survey"/>
| {{flag|Germany}}
|[[Sniper rifle]]
|
|-
| [[Ishapore 2A1 rifle|Ishapore 2A1]]
| {{flag|India}}
| [[Bolt-action rifle]]
| Indian licensed copy of the No. III Enfield, modified for use with 7.62 NATO. New production action and barrel, recycled buttstock from No. III Enfields.<ref name="Survey"/>
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Machine gun]]s
|-
|[[FN Minimi]]
| {{flag|Belgium}}
| rowspan="3" | [[Light machine gun]]
| rowspan="2" | [[5.56×45mm]]
| 5,500 purchased from Belgium in 2002.<ref name="Small1" /> Principal LMG/ SAW
|-
|[[M249 light machine gun|M249]]
| {{flag|United States}}
| 300 supplied as military aid from the US.<ref name="Survey" /> Functionally identical to FN Minimi
|-
| [[Bren light machine gun|Bren L4A4]]<ref name="Jane1992IW" />
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| rowspan="2" |[[7.62×51mm]]
| Used in outposts and basic automatic fire training
|-
| [[FN MAG]]<ref name="Jane1992IW"/>
| {{flag|Belgium}}
| [[General Purpose Machine Gun]]
| Principal GPMG, used on vehicle mounts.
|}

===Heavy weapons===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Weapon
! Origin
! Type
! Calibre
! Notes
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Anti-aircraft warfare|Air defence]]
|-
| [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/70|Bofors L/70]]<ref name="JaneWS1984">{{cite book | last = Pretty| first = Ronald|title = Jane's Weapon Systems, 1983–84| year = 1983|edition= 1983|page= 876 | publisher = Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd| isbn= 978-0-7106-0776-8}}</ref>
| {{flag|Sweden}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Anti-aircraft gun]]
| 40mm
|
|-
|
[[QF 3.7-inch AA gun]]<ref name="JaneWS1984"/>
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| [[94mm]]
| 45 in service.
|-
! colspan="5"| [[Artillery]]
|-
| [[OTO Melara Mod 56]]
| {{flag|Italy}}
| [[Howitzer]]
| 105mm
| 14 in service.<ref name="JaneAA">{{cite book | last = Christopher F. Foss| title = Jane's Armour and Artillery| year = 2001|edition= 2002|page= 740 | publisher = Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd| isbn= 978-0710623096}}</ref>
|-
!colspan="5"| [[Mortar (weapon)|Mortar]]
|-
| [[120-PM-43 mortar|120-PM-43]]
|{{flag|Soviet Union}}
|[[Mortar (weapon)|Mortar]]
| 120mm
| 70 in service<ref name="trade">{{cite web|url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |title=Trade Registers |publisher=Armstrade.sipri.org |access-date=2013-06-20}}</ref>
|-
|[[M29 Mortar|M 29]]
| {{flag|United States}}
|[[Mortar (weapon)|Mortar]]
| 81 mm
| <ref name="trade"/>
|}

===Vehicles===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Vehicle
! Origin
! Type
! Quantity
! Notes
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Armored car (military)|Armoured car]]s
|-
| [[Ferret armoured car|Daimler Ferret]]
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| [[Scout car]]
| 40<ref name="trade"/>
| ''Ferret Mk4'' variant.<ref name="trade"/>
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Armoured personnel carrier]]s
|-
| [[Casspir]]
| {{flag|South Africa}}
| rowspan="3" | [[MRAP]]
| 37<ref name="SAarms">{{cite web|url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11274:-fact-file-south-african-arms-exports&catid=79:fact-files&Itemid=159|title=South African Arms Exports|author=Leon Engelbrecht|date=3 January 2011|access-date=5 November 2014}}</ref>
|
|-
| [[Ordnance Factory Board Mine Protected Vehicle|Aditya]]
| {{flag|India}}
| ~124<ref name="trade"/>
|
|-

| [[VN-4]]
| {{flag|China}}
| 63
|-

| [[OT-64]]
| {{flag|Czechoslovakia}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Armoured personnel carrier]]
| 8
|
|-
| [[WZ551]]
| {{flag|China}}
| 5
| Acquired from China in 2005.
|}

==Rank structure==
{{Main|Military ranks of Nepal}}
;Commissioned Officers
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin:0 12px 12px 0;"
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armed Forces/OF/Blank}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OF/Nepal}}
|}

;Other ranks
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin:0 12px 12px 0;"
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/Blank}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/Nepal}}
|}

{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#fff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin:0 12px 12px 0;"
|- style="background:#ccc;"
! colspan=5| Other rank insignia
|- style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"
!
| [[File:07.Nepalese Army-SGM.svg|70px]]
| [[File:06.Nepalese Army-MSG.svg|70px]]
| [[File:05.Nepalese Army-SFC.svg|70px]]
| [[File:04.Nepalese Army-SSG.svg|70px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
|
| [[Sergeant Major]]
| [[Master Sergeant]]
| [[Sergeant First Class]]
| [[Staff Sergeant]]
|}

==See also==
* [[List of mountain warfare forces]]
*[[Military of Nepal]]
*[[Armed Police Force Nepal]]
*[[Nepal Police]]
*[[National Investigation Department of Nepal]]
*[[List of operation by Gurkha Army]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em|group="Note"}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Books==
*{{citation | last = Acharya | first = Baburam | editor-last = Acharya | editor-first = Shri Krishna |title = Janaral Bhimsen Thapa : Yinko Utthan Tatha Pattan | location = Kathmandu | year = 2012 | page = 228 | language = ne | publisher = Education Book House | isbn = 9789937241748}}
*{{Citation|last=Adhikari|first=Indra|title=Military and Democracy in Nepal|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|isbn=9781317589068|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CVLeCQAAQBAJ}}
*{{citation | last = Nepal | first = Gyanmani | title = Nepal ko Mahabharat | publisher = Sajha | language = ne | year = 2007 | edition = 3rd | page = 314 | location = Kathmandu | isbn = 9789993325857 }}
*{{citation | last = Oldfield | first = Henry Ambrose | title = Sketches from Nipal, Vol 1 | publisher = W.H. Allan & Co. | volume = 1 | year = 1880 | location = London | url = https://archive.org/details/sketchesfromnipa01oldf }}
*{{citation | last = Pradhan | first = Kumar L. | title = Thapa Politics in Nepal: With Special Reference to Bhim Sen Thapa, 1806–1839 | publisher = Concept Publishing Company | year = 2012 | isbn = 9788180698132 | location = New Delhi | page = 278 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7PP1yElRzIUC&q=the+assassination+of+rana+bahadur+shah }}

==External links==
*[http://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/ Official website of the Nepali Army]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121008095202/http://www.acsc-shivapuri.mil.np/ Official website of the Nepali Army Command and Staff College]
*[http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/sair/Archives/3_32.htm Nepal]
*[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5283.htm Background Note: Nepal]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080517155952/http://www.ipcs.org/Military_militaryBalance2.jsp?database=1002&country2=Nepal Nepal]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140830082417/http://usnepalonline.com/new-york-nepalese-community-news/nepalese-welcome-nepal-army-chief-chhtraman-singh-gurung-in-new-york/list-of-the-photographs-of-49-nepalese-army-generals.html List of photographs of 49 Nepali army generals]
*[http://premsinghbasnyat.com.np]
*[[Kaji Biraj Thapa Magar of Gorkha]]
*[[Biraj Thapa Magar]]
*https://thediplomat.com/2013/10/the-deft-politicking-of-nepals-army/1/, 2013
* Ghimire, S. (2016). [http://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2016.1156813|Making Security Sector Reform Organic: Infrastructure for Peace as an Entry Point?] Peacebuilding.

[[Category:Military of Nepal|Army]]
[[Category:Armies by country|Nepal]]
[[Category:Gurkhas|.]]
[[Category:Nepali Army]]

[[ne:नेपाली सेना]]
[[sv:Nepalesiska armén]]

Nepali Army - Revision history

CleanupBot: /* Units */clean up, typos fixed: U.S → U.S.

Bot at 15:09, 18 December 2022

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:41, 1 June 2023
Line 197:		Line 197:
	* Shree Jagadal Battalion (Air Defence)		* Shree Jagadal Battalion (Air Defence)
	* Shree Yuddha Kawaj Battalion (Mechanized Infantry)		* Shree Yuddha Kawaj Battalion (Mechanized Infantry)
	* Shree Mahabir Battalion (Rangers Battalion. Equivalent to U.S Army Rangers (Part of Nepali Army Special Operation Force))		* Shree Mahabir Battalion (Rangers Battalion. Equivalent to U.S. Army Rangers (Part of Nepali Army Special Operation Force))
	* Shree Chandan Nath Battalion – established 2004 (Infantry Unit)		* Shree Chandan Nath Battalion – established 2004 (Infantry Unit)
	* Shree Tara Dal Battalion – established 2002 (Infantry Unit)		* Shree Tara Dal Battalion – established 2002 (Infantry Unit)