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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Language of Arunachal Pradesh, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
| name = Nefamese<br />
| altname = Arunamese<br />
| states = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
| speakers = unknown<br />
| date = 2006<br />
| ref = e18<br />
| familycolor = Pidgin<br />
| family = [[Assamese language|Assamese-based]] pidgin<br />
| iso3 = nef<br />
| glotto = nefa1235<br />
| glottorefname = Nefamese<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Nefamese''' or '''''Arunamese''''' is a [[pidgin]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] (formerly [[North-East Frontier Agency|NEFA]]), India. Its classification is unclear; ''Ethnologue'' states that it is based on the [[Assamese language]], but also that it is most closely related to the Sino-Tibetan [[Gallong language|Gallong]] like the Assamese language formed out by the mixture of languages like [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]], [[Tibeto-Burman]], [[Tai languages|Tai]] and [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] family of languages. <br />
<br />
Nefamese emerged in eastern Arunachal Pradesh as a [[lingua franca]] among the [[Nyishi people|Nyishi]], [[Adi people|Adi]], [[Apatani people|Apatanai]], [[Khampti]], [[Hill Miri people|Hill Miri]], [[Idu Mishmi language|Idu Mishimi]], [[Nocte people|Nocte]], [[Wancho Naga|Wancho]], [[Tagin people|Tagin]], [[Monpa people|Mompa]], [[Zekhring people|Zakhring]], and [[Bugun language|Bugun]] peoples, among others—between them and with other [[Assamese people|Indigenous Assamese people]] and other Indigenous groups of [[Northeast India]]. The language is threatened by, and has perhaps somewhat been replaced by, the use of [[Hindi]].<br />
<br />
==Phonology==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Consonants<ref name=bhuyan2012>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecho.in/files/The-Phonological-Aspects-of-Nefamese.pdf |title=The Phonological aspects of Nefamese |last1=Bhuyan |first1=Nupur Chandra |year=2012 |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716025141/https://www.thecho.in/files/The-Phonological-Aspects-of-Nefamese.pdf |archive-date=2020-07-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
!<br />
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]<br />
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]<br />
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]<br />
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]<br />
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]<br />
|-<br />
![[Plosive]]<br />
|{{IPA link|p}} {{IPA link|b}}<br />
|{{IPA link|t}} {{IPA link|d}}<br />
|{{IPA link|tʃ}} {{IPA link|dʒ}}<br />
|{{IPA link|k}} {{IPA link|g}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Fricative]]<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|s}}<br />
|{{IPA link|ʃ}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|h}}<br />
|-<br />
![[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]<br />
|{{IPA link|m}}<br />
|{{IPA link|n}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|ŋ}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Approximant]]<br />
|{{IPA link|w}}<br />
|{{IPA link|r}}, {{IPA link|l}}<br />
|{{IPA link|j}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Vowels<ref name=bhuyan2012/><br />
!<br />
![[Front vowel|Front]]<br />
![[Central vowel|Central]]<br />
![[Back vowel|Back]]<br />
|-<br />
![[Close vowel|High]]<br />
|{{IPA link|i}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|u}}<br />
|-<br />
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]<br />
|{{IPA link|e}}<br />
|{{IPA link|ə}}<br />
|{{IPA link|o}}<br />
|-<br />
![[Open vowel|Low]]<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|aː}}<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Nagamese Creole]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* {{cite thesis |last=Bhuyan |first=Nupur|date=2013 |title=A descriptive analysis of Nefamese |type=PhD |hdl=10603/94064 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/94064}}<br />
<br />
{{Languages of Northeast India}}<br />
{{Indo-Aryan languages}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Languages of Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Assamese-based pidgins and creoles]]<br />
[[Category:Endangered pidgins and creoles]]<br />
[[Category:Endangered languages of India]]<br />
[[Category:Endangered Sino-Tibetan languages]]<br />
[[Category:Endangered Indo-European languages]]</div>
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