imported>Arjayay: Reverted edits by Mayonkp (talk) to last version by Davidwr

2021-04-27T12:05:57Z

Reverted edits by Mayonkp (talk) to last version by Davidwr

New page

{{for|Hatrene princess|al-Nadirah}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{cleanup|reason=doesn't follow MOS, can be edited to comply with WP:Wikiproject Indian cities|date=December 2012}}
{{refimprove|date=December 2012}}
}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nazira
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Assam, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.92|N|94.73|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sivasagar district|Sivasagar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Nazira Municipal Board
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 132
| population_total = 2,38,550(approx.)
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 785685
| registration_plate =AS
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Nazira''' (IPA: nəˈzɪərə) is a town and a [[municipal board]] in [[Sivasagar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Assam]].

Nazira is a historical town on the bank of the [[Dikhow River]]. It is around 18 km from [[Sivasagar]] city, 3 km from Simaluguri Jn. and 78 km from Jorhat Airport. It is the Sub-divisional Head Office of Nazira Sub-division.

== History ==

[https://nazira.in Nazira] was an important place during the regime of [[Ahom Kingdom]]. Nearby Gargaon was the capital of Ahom Kingdom over a long period. According to legends Nazira got its name from 'Now-Jeera', which in Assamese literally means resting place of boats. The historian Sarbananda Rajkumar states that 'Nazira' is a Tai(Ahom) word: Na means Land,Zi-Inclined & Ra-Much. So, Nazira means a much inclined land.<ref>Late Rajkumar Sarbananda, Etihase Suaura Chashata Bacharor,Page 272,First Edition December 2000,{{ISBN|81-7339-308-7}} Banalata,New Bazar Dibrugarh-1</ref> He also writes that once the important places of Nazira were ''Ganak Village'' and ''Nazirahat''.

Being in the vicinity of the [[Dikhow River]] and the capital of Ahom kingdom Gargaon, it is said that boats used to rest in this place after their long journey through the river. The ''Kareng Ghar'' a palace from the Medieval period build by King Rajeshwar Singha, a ruler of the Ahom kingdom stands as a testimony of the bygone era. During the British rule, tea plantations were started in and around Nazira like the other parts of upper Assam. The present day officer's club of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation limited(ONGCL)was in fact a tea planter's club established in 1939. Nazira was the headquarters of famous Assam Tea Company.<ref>The History of The Assam Company(1839-1953),Antrobus H.A.; Privately printed by T.A.CONSTABLE LTD,EDINBURGH,1957</ref> An account of Life in and around Nazira during the 1940s to 1960s by European tea planters can be found [http://www.koi-hai.com/Default.aspx?id=570017 here.]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.koi-hai.com/Default.aspx?id=570017|title=Koi Hai | Archives | Correspondents - Archives {{!}} Bill Charlier|website=www.koi-hai.com|accessdate=2017-04-02}}</ref>

J. W. Masters, the then Superintendent of Assam Company had proceeded to Assam in June 1839 and took up residence at Nazira who made Nazira as the Company's Headquarters.<ref>The History of The Assam Company(1839-1953),Antrobus H.A.; Privately printed by T.A.CONSTABLE LTD,EDINBURGH,1957</ref> An old British Graveyard has been lying inside ONGC Colony Nazira Town. Here there are about 62 graves can be traced according to the list given by H. A. Antrobus. The buried include the historian William Robinson, the author of ''A Grammar of Assamese Language'' (1839) and ''A Descriptive Account Of Assam:With a Sketch of the Local Geography,and a Concise History of the Tea-Plant of Assam.'' (1841).<ref>The History of The Assam Company(1839-1953), Antrobus H.A.; Privately printed by T.A.CONSTABLE LTD, EDINBURGH, 1957</ref>
William Robinson mastered over the Mising Language and unbelievably on Dafla language too. William Robinson wrote ''Notes on the Daflas and the Peculiarities of Their Language''. Robinson was the first man to attempt to write a grammar on the ''Mising Language'' for institutional purpose. His ''A short outline of Miri (Mising) grammar '' was published in the March issue of ''Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal'' , in 1849. (Vol, 18, part 1, page 224).<ref>[http://www.misingonline.com/blog/102/christian-missionary-works-on-mising-language Christian Missionary Works on Mising Language].</ref>

The Gorokihiya Temple, at Namati of Ahom days is 3 km from Nazira. History says that Ahom King Pratap Singha(1603–41) was a devotee of God Siva before he took his throne and he worshipped a Siva Linga. After he got his throne as a King he removed the Siva Linga and established it on the bank of [[Dikhow River]] just opposite to Gargaon in a temple which was called as Maidol. This temple is also known as Maheswara Ghar or house or God Siva.<ref>Gogoi Lila Pabitra Asom ,page42</ref> Charaideu is just 16 km from Nazira Town. Here tourist can see the very sacred earthen pyramids(Tombs) of Ahom Kings, families and other ministers. During World WarII(1939–1945)also Nazira had played an important rule in China Burma India Theatre. The [[OSS Detachment 101]] established a base camp under the guise of a centre for malarial research at a tea plantation near Nazira. Detachment 101's training camp was located at Nazira (Most probably in the present Guest House, ONGCL Colony, Nazira).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=e-ejVuqODckC&pg=PA102&lpg=PA102&dq=nazira+during+world+war+ii&source=bl&ots=OcLNawGxKc&sig=fUNz5-aZIRbF0XDYRc9DFzgk4Ss&hl=bn&sa=X&ei=xexMT77hMsLqrQex_8GvDw&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false U. S. Army Special Operations in World War II], page 102-103;</ref>

Nazira has very reputed and old educational institutions like Gargaon College, Nazira College, Nazira Boys Higher Secondary &Multi Purpose School, Nazira Girls HS School, Nazira Bortol HS School, Kendriya Vidyalaya,Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, DPS Nazira, Sankardev Vidya Niketan, St. Peters School, LigiriPukhuri High School,Gurukul school,Amolapatty, NEEDS Technical Institute and many more. The primary source of income of this area is employment in ONGC and Govt. Departments. Well experienced entrepreneurs are doing oilfield related contracts & services. Big companies like Halliburton and Schlumberger operate in this area. However, cultivation is still one of the main source of income of this region.

== Geography ==
[http://sivasagar.nic.in/nazira/ Nazira] is located at {{Coord|26.92|N|94.73|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/3/Nazira.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Nazira]</ref> It has an average elevation of 132 metres (433 feet).

== Climate ==
It has a humid subtropical monsoon climate like the rest of Assam. It has a long rainy season starting with pre-monsoon showers in the months of April, which signals the onset of spring. The real deluge starts in June, which continues up to the month of September. The rainy season, which gets overlapped with the summer season, help maintain the maximum temperature attainable to around 35 degree Celsius. The winter season starts at around November and continues up to February. The minimum temperature seldom reaches below 10 degree Celsius. Light woollen cloth is enough to beat the cold.

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Nazira had a population of 13,304. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Nazira has an literacy rate of 92.58%, higher than the national average: male literacy is 94.94%, and female literacy is 90.03%. In Nazira, 9.62% of the population is under 6 years of age. Nazira is mainly inhabited by [[Ahoms]] followed by the Assamese Muslims, Brahmins, Koch, Kalitas, Deories Kaibarta and tea tribes constitute the rest of the portion of the demographic chart. Besides Nazira also has a sizeable population from the tea tribes community, who were brought as labours from central India by British for Tea plantations. 76.69% of population are Hindus and 22.23% are Muslims. Remaining 1.08% belong to other religions.

== Villages ==
Budbari Satra, Rajapool Handique Gaon, Rajapool Gohain Gaon, Rajapool Duwara Gaon,Bhabar Chuk, Chonbasa gaon, khanikar Gaon.

==Politics==
Nazira is part of [[Jorhat (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies
|accessdate = 2008-10-06
|work = Assam
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060504181808/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf
|archivedate = 2006-05-04
}}</ref>

List of MLA

1946: Sanu Kheria ,

1951: Ananda Chandra Bezbarua, Indian National Congress

1957: Tankeswar Chetia, Indian National Congress

1962: K.K. Gogoi, Indian National Congress

1967: Hiteswar Saikia, Indian National Congress

1972: Hiteswar Saikia, Indian National Congress

1978: Hiteswar Saikia, Indian National Congress

1983: Hiteswar Saikia, Indian National Congress

1985: Hiteswar Saikia, Indian National Congress

1988 (by polls): Tanu Konwar, Asom Gana Parishad

1991: Hiteswar Saikia, Indian National Congress

1996: Hemprove Saikia, Indian National Congress

2001: Hemprove Saikia, Indian National Congress

2006: Drupad Borgohain, Communist Party of India

2011: Debabrata Saikia, Indian National Congress

2016: Debabrata Saikia, Indian National Congress

==Economy==
Nazira lies in an oil and gas rich region. [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]] (ONGC is state owned entity) operates major oil rigs and production platforms for E&P exploration. Several other multinationals such as [[Schlumberger]] and [[Halliburton]] are also present in the city. ONGC has many oil fields in Assam namely Lakwa, Galeki, Rudrasagar etc and some of them are quite old and under secondary oil recovery. It has provided a good employment to the local people and there are many employees of ONGC who are from outside states and stay here either in ONGC colony or outside in rented house. ONGC has offices also in the district headquarter that is [[Sivasagar]] city and ONGC is contributing a lot to the local economy as the employees will be spending a good amount out of their salary here. Nazira local market caters to the need of these people as well as the local population. Tea and agricultural cultivations are also main source of income of common people.

The headquarters of ONGC, Assam Asset, a Maharatna E&P company is situated in Nazira. Nazira is surrounded by huge tea estates like Mackeypore, Geleky, Santok, Bihubor, Lakwa, Ligiripukhuri, Mezenga, Bamunpukhuri and Maduri Tea estate. Once Mezenga was related with Scottish Assam Tea Company; This company was formed in 1865 to purchase, extend and cultivate Heelekah, Mazenga and Karsoolie Estates in Assam.
<ref>oldestscottishcompanies.wikispaces.com/Scottish+Assam+Tea</ref>
Nazira local website Www.Nazira.in

== Educational Institute ==
'''College'''
* Nazira College
* Gargaon College
'''Junior College'''
* Swaraj Academy

* Kaziranga Academy

* Siukapha Academy

* MGM Junior College

* Ved Academy

* Nazira Jr College

* Shankardev Jr College

* Brahmaputra Academy

* Aniruddha Academy

* Gyanjyoti Academy

'''School'''
* Nazira Boys High Secondary & Multi Purpose School
* Nazira Girls High Secondary School
* Delhi Public School
* Kendriya Vidyalaya
* Adarsha Vidya Bhavan
* Nazira Jatiya Vidiyalaya
* Angkuran Jatiya Vidyalaya
* Sankardev Vidya Niketan
* Gurukul school
* Shankardev Vidiya
* ST.Peter's School
* Nazira Jatiya Vidyapeeth

'''Institute'''
* Arizan Institute
* NEEDS Technical Institute
* CIC
* Neiit-A

== Industry ==
* Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.
* National Printing Press.

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Sivasagar district]]
[[Category:Sivasagar]]

Nazira - Revision history

imported>Arjayay: Reverted edits by Mayonkp (talk) to last version by Davidwr