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{{Short description|Indian Ruling Dynasty}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
[[File:Map_Showing_territories_of_Nayakas_of_Chitradurga_Kingdom.jpg|thumb|Map Showing territories of Nayakas of Chitradurga Kingdom]]
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=250 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big>''' Chitradurga Nayaka Kingdom '''</big>
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| '''[[Official language]]''' || [[Kannada]]
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| '''[[Capital city|Capitals]]''' || [[Chitradurga]]
|-
| '''[[List of countries by system of government|Government]]''' || Monarchy
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| '''Preceding state''' || [[Vijayanagar Empire]]
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| '''Succeeding states''' || [[Kingdom of Mysore]]
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|}
[[File:Madakarinayaka statue.jpg|thumb|right|Statue of chief Madakari Nayaka]]
'''Nayakas of [[Chitradurga]]''' (1588–1779 CE) ruled parts of eastern [[Karnataka]] during the post-Vijayanagara period. During the rule of [[Hoysala Empire]] and [[Vijayanagara Empire]], they served as a feudatory chiefdom. Later after the fall of the Vijayanagara empire, they ruled at times as an independent Chiefdom and at other times as a vassal of the [[Mysore Kingdom]], [[Mughal Empire]] and [[Maratha Empire]]. Finally their territories merged into the province of Mysore under the British.

==Origin==
According to historian Barry Lewis, the earliest chieftains of the kingdom were local chiefs (''Dandanayakas'') of the [[Ramoshi|Bedar]] caste under the [[Hoysala empire]], during their rule over what is today Karnataka. They later won the attention and appreciation of the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] kings through their acts of bravery and were appointed as governors of the region.<ref>{{Cite web|title=An Informal History of the Chitradurga Nayakas|url=https://barry-lewis.com/research/chitradurga/|access-date=2022-02-12|website=Barry Lewis|language=en-US}}</ref> According to historian [[Suryanath Kamath]], the Chitradurga chiefs under the Vijayanagara empire were originally from the [[Davangere district]] in Karnataka.<ref name="historians1">According to Suryanath Kamat, Timmappa Nayaka the founder of the kingdom was from [[Davangere]] in Karnataka</ref> Some Marathi records call them ''Kala Pyada'' in admiration for their fighting qualities.

The [[Chitradurga Fort]] was their stronghold and the very heart of the province.

==The Nayaka clan==

'''Timmanna Nayaka''' (1568–1589) of Matti: A chieftain from Matti in [[Davangere]] taluk during the rule of Saluva Narasimha.
He ruled areas covering [[Davangere district]] and [[Chitradurga district]].

'''Obanna Nayaka I''' (1588–1602) is also known as '''Madakari Nayaka I'''.

'''Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka I''' (1602–1652) In 1602, Obanna Nayaka was succeeded by his son Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka. He was a brave soldier who defeated sultan's of Bijapur. His reign was full of conflicts with neighbouring chiefs. Several battles were fought with the ''Paleyagar'' (chief) of Basavapattana over territories such as Mayakonda, Santebennur, Holalkere, Anaji, and Jagalur, all of which ultimately became part of the Chitradurga territory. At the time of his death in 1652, the kingdoms possessions yielded a revenue of 65,000 ''Durgi'' [[Pagoda_(coin)|Pagodas]].

'''Madakari Nayaka II''' (1652–1674) Rangappa Nayaka was succeeded by his son Madakari Nayaka II in 1652 who is credited with a number of military successes, particularly in the regions east of Chitradurga.　He killed Shah Adib Allah in 1671 in a battle at Chitradurga.

'''Obanna Nayaka II''' (1674–1675) His rule saw civil unrest. He was killed by his own men.

'''Shoora Kantha Nayaka''' (1675–1676) His rule saw civil unrest. He was killed by his own men.

'''Chikkanna Nayaka''' (1676–1686)

'''Madakari Nayaka III''' (1686–1688)

'''Donne Rangappa Nayaka''' (1688–1689)

'''Bharamanna Nayaka''' of Bilichodu (1689–1721) known as the last of the great Nayakas of Chitradurga, he became a Maratha ally and fought in the battle of [[Dodderi]] in 1695 but had to pay tribute later to the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] for supporting the Marathas. He fought many pitched battles against the Mughals, and is credited for building many temples including the [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Nirthadi|Ranganatha Swamy]] at Niratadi, and irrigation tanks. He was also known as "Bichchugatti Bahramanna Nayaka"

'''Madakari Nayaka IV''' (1721–1748) was a Maratha feudatory. He was killed during continued hostilities against the Nayakas of Davangere.

'''Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka II''' (1748–1758), son of Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka II, retook Mayakonda territory. He achieved this with the help of the Maratha Sardar Murari Rao and the Subedar of Advani. Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka is said to have made various expeditions to the north and south, and in the latter direction gained some possessions in the Budihal region. He is also said to have maintained close ties with the Subedar of Sira. He died in 1754 without an heir. Madakeri Nayaka the last, son of one Bharamappa Nayaka of Janakal-Durga, became his successor.

'''[[Madakari Nayaka]]''' (1758–1779) was a brave soldier and a shrewd administrator as well (also called as '''Madakari Nayaka V'''). He allied himself with Haider Ali of the [[Mysore Kingdom]] at times and at other times with the [[Maratha_Empire|Marathas]]. It was during his time that Haider Ali attacked the [[Chitradurga Fort]] leading to the heroics of "[[Onake Obavva]]". Later having been betrayed by the Marathas and some local officers, Madakari Nayaka was defeated by Hyder Ali, taken prisoner and killed. The Chitradurga Nayakas form an integral part of Kannada folklore.

==Notes==
<references/>

==References==
*[https://barry-lewis.com/research/chitradurga/ History of Nayakas of Chitradurga, Barry Lewis, Dept of Anthropology, University of Illinois]
*Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath, A Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Jupiter books, MCC, Bangalore, 2001 (Reprinted 2002)
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Nayakas of Chitradurga - Revision history

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