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{{Distinguish|text=[[Nayak (caste)]]}}
{{Short description|Surname}}
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The '''Nayak''' is a historic Indian title conferred on [[Sardar]]s, who were [[governor]]s of feudal states in the Middle Ages. Today it is also a surname. Nayaks are mostly [[Hindu]] and [[Sikh]], who follow [[Hinduism]] and [[Sikhism]] respectively.

==As a surname==
Today, the surname ''Nayak'' is used by various [[Indian castes|castes]] and [[Indian ethnic groups|ethnic groups]] across India. Mostly they belong from [[forward class]] and mainly follows [[Sikhism]] and [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite book|title=People of India: Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eHL_bToO9oEC|page=54|publisher=Oxford University Press|author=Kumar Suresh Singh|year=2002|isbn=978-0-19-564444-9}}</ref>

* '''Nayak''', or '''Naik''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Maharashtra]]. The [[Princely state|Princely State]] of [[Jawhar State|Jawhar]] was founded by a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|Koli]] Nayak [[Jayaba Mukne]] around 1300.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=103: the state of [[Jawhar]], below the mountains in the [[Konkan]], was founded by a Koli nayak around 1300 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Maval]] region was known as [[Maratha occupation of Kolistan (1672)|Koli country]] of fifty two [[Valley|valleys]] in [[Maratha Empire]]. Each valley was controlled by a [[List of Koli states and clans|Koli]] Nayak and the Sirnayak, or head chief, lived at [[Junnar taluka|Junnar]], and presided over the [[Gotra|gotarni]], or caste council.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hardiman |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=221: The Koli country was then known as the Bavan Mavals , or '52 valleys ' in Maratha Empire . Each valley was controlled by a Koli chief , or nayak . The sirnayak , or head chief , lived at Junnar , and presided over the gotarni , or caste council |language=en}}</ref> the [[Forts in India|Fort]] of [[Sinhagad]] was built and ruled by [[Koli people|Koli]] chief [[Nag Nayak of Sinhagad|Nag Nayak]] who resisted the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Sultan]] [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] for eight months.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Himanshu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tAa9DwAAQBAJ&dq=Nayak+Koli&pg=PT23 |title=Veer Tanhaji Malusare |date=2019-11-05 |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd |year=2019 |isbn=978-93-5296-955-5 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> the Kolis of Maharashtra revolted against Mughal ruler [[Aurangzeb]] under their Koli chief [[Khemirao Sarnaik|Khemirao Sirnaik]] and in 1769, Kolis revolted against Peshwa of [[Maratha Empire]] under their Koli Naik [[Javji Bamble]] and broken the peace of Konkan and in 1798, Kolis challenged the [[British Raj|British government]] under their Koli Naik Ramji Naik Bhangria who was father of freedom fighter [[Raghoji Bhangare]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Koli+Naik&pg=PA333 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |date=1989 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=333 |language=en}}</ref>

* In Punjab and Chandigarh, the surname Nayak is used by [[sikhs|Sikh]] people who follow [[Sikhism]] and are known as [[kshathriya]] in their societies.
* In West Bengal, The Nayak is used by [[Hindus|Hindu]] people who follow [[Hinduism]].
* Naik was another Name of Banjara Tribe of India. The Naik/Nayak surname is generally used by [[Banjaras]]/[[Lambani]]/[[Labana]] throughout [[India]]. Banjaras can also be described as Naik in Uttar Pradesh. Head of Banjara village/Tanda is called Naik. Some notable Banjaras with the Naik surname are [[Vasantrao Naik]] and [[Sudhakarrao Naik]].

*In Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Tamil Nadu, other versions of the surnames exists such as [[Naidu]] and [[Naicker]]. While [[Nayakar]] are used by people belonging to Bedar Valmiki, [[Kapu (caste)|Kapu]], [[Balija]], [[Golla (caste)|Golla]], [[Telaga]], and [[Kamma (caste)|Kamma]]. In the north of Tamil Nadu, the title Naicker and Nayagar are used by the Tamil speaking [[Vanniyar|Vanniyars]] while in the south of Tamil Nadu, the Telugu castes such as [[Balija]], [[Golla (caste)|Golla]], and the [[Kamma (caste)|Kammas]] use the Naicker title.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r-ffeWmj2JUC&pg=PA89|title=Social Change Among Balijas: Majority Community of Andhra Pradesh|publisher=M D Publications|author=A. Vijay Kumari|year=1998|page=89|isbn=978-81-7533-072-6}}</ref> Also in [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] the Naik surname is adopted as a surname by several communities including Bedar.<ref>{{cite book |author=Kumar Suresh Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X4bW-_jEvXoC |title=Ethnography, Customary Law, and Change |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-7022-471-6 |page=249}}</ref>
* The Muslim [[Siddis of Karnataka]], use the surname Nayaka which they received as a title from the kings of [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC|page=226|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=1996|author=Shanti Sadiq Ali|isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}</ref>
*In [[Karnataka]] it is used by some subcastes of the [[Vokkaliga]] community.<ref>{{cite book |author1= L. K. A. Iyer|date=2005|title=The Mysore Tribes and Castes|volume=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XGSuAwWHa0kC&pg=PA270|location=New Delhi|publisher=Mittal Publications|page=270|quote=Gauda and Naika are the titles affixed to their names , and the common honorific suffixes Appa and Ayya for males and Avva and Akka for females are also in use|isbn=}}</ref> It is also a common surname amidst a section of Makkalasantana following a sect of parivara Bunt (community) and the Nayak/Bedar community.
* In Maharashtra the surname Nayak and Naik is used by [[Kshatriya]] [[Maratha]]s, [[CKP]]s, [[Saraswat Brahmin]] and [[Deshastha Brahmin]] communities.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Caste Question: Dalits and the Politics of Modern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7IwDwAAQBAJ|publisher=University of California Press|year=2009|author=Anupama Rao|page=315|isbn=978-0-520-25761-0}}</ref>
* In Tamil Nadu, members of the [[Vanniyar]] caste are found in the districts of Chennai, Thiruvallur, Kanchipuram, and Chengalpattu. They use the Naicker and Nayagar as a surname or title.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Report_of_the_Backward_Classes_Commissio/rmVDAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=vanniya+kula+kshathriya+naicker&dq=vanniya+kula+kshathriya+naicker&printsec=frontcover|title=Report of the Backward Classes Commission|author=A N Sattanathan|year=1975|page=86|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu}}</ref> Also in Tamil Nadu, members of the Jakkama clan use Nayakkar, Naicker and Nayagar as a surname or title.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z0JuAAAAMAAJ&q=vanniyar+nayagar|title=Constructing Dalit Identity|author=Chockalingam Joe Arun|year=2007|page=43|isbn=978-81-316-0081-8}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian surnames]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]

Nayak (title) - Revision history

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