Nayagram (community development block) - Revision history

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	According to the ''District Census Handbook, Paschim Medinipur, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 90.5% of the population of Paschim Medinipur district, followed by [[Santali language\|Santali]] (4.6%), [[Hindi]] (1.4%), [[Kurmali language\|Kurmali Thar]] (0.7%), [[Urdu]] (0.6%), [[Telugu language\|Telugu]] (0.6%), [[Odia language\|Odia]] (0.4%), [[Mundari language\|Mundari]] (0.2%), [[Koda language\|Koda/ Kora]] (0.1%), [[Munda languages\|Munda]] (0.1%) and [[Nepali language\|Nepali]] (0.1%). There were people, forming lesser proportion of population, having other languages as mother-tongue. People with other mother-tongues formed 0.7% of the population.<ref>{{cite web\| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1918_PART_A_DCHB_PASCHIM%20MEDINIPUR.pdf\|title = District Census Handbook Paschim Medinipur, Series 20, Part XII A , 2011 census\|work = page 52: Mother tongue\| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal \| access-date = 10 September 2020}}</ref>		According to the ''District Census Handbook, Paschim Medinipur, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 90.5% of the population of Paschim Medinipur district, followed by [[Santali language\|Santali]] (4.6%), [[Hindi]] (1.4%), [[Kurmali language\|Kurmali Thar]] (0.7%), [[Urdu]] (0.6%), [[Telugu language\|Telugu]] (0.6%), [[Odia language\|Odia]] (0.4%), [[Mundari language\|Mundari]] (0.2%), [[Koda language\|Koda/ Kora]] (0.1%), [[Munda languages\|Munda]] (0.1%) and [[Nepali language\|Nepali]] (0.1%). There were people, forming lesser proportion of population, having other languages as mother-tongue. People with other mother-tongues formed 0.7% of the population.<ref>{{cite web\| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1918_PART_A_DCHB_PASCHIM%20MEDINIPUR.pdf\|title = District Census Handbook Paschim Medinipur, Series 20, Part XII A , 2011 census\|work = page 52: Mother tongue\| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal \| access-date = 10 September 2020}}</ref>

	There is a tribal presence in many of the CD blocks of the district. [[Santali language\|Santali]] is spoken by 55.93% of the tribal population of the district. The [[Bhumij]], forming 11.16% of the tribal population, and the [[Munda people\|Mundas]], forming 6.10% of the tribal population, speak [[Mundari language\|Mundari]]. Other small groups include Koras and Mahalis. The [[Lodha people\|Lodhas]], forming 3.85% of the tribal population, the only primitive tribe in the district, speak [[Lodhi language\|Lodhi]].<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf \| title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur \| work = Page 217 Scheduled Tribe Community \| publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 \| access-date = 25 July 2016 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf \| archive-date = 29 March 2017 \| url-status = dead }}</ref>		There is a tribal presence in many of the CD blocks of the district. [[Santali language\|Santali]] is spoken by 55.93% of the tribal population of the district. The [[Bhumij people\|Bhumij]], forming 11.16% of the tribal population, and the [[Munda people\|Mundas]], forming 6.10% of the tribal population, speak [[Mundari language\|Mundari]]. Other small groups include Koras and Mahalis. The [[Lodha people\|Lodhas]], forming 3.85% of the tribal population, the only primitive tribe in the district, speak [[Lodhi language\|Lodhi]].<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf \| title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur \| work = Page 217 Scheduled Tribe Community \| publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 \| access-date = 25 July 2016 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf \| archive-date = 29 March 2017 \| url-status = dead }}</ref>

	According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal. In addition to Bengali, the Nepali language is to be used for official purposes in the three hills subdivisions, namely Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kurseong, in the district of Darjeeling, and Urdu is to be used for official purposes in district/subdivision/ block/ municipality where the population speaking Urdu exceeds 10% of the total population. The English language will continue to be used for official purposes as it was being used prior to the enactment of these laws.<ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.latestlaws.com/bare-acts/state-acts-rules/west-bengal-state-laws/west-bengal-official-language-act-1961/\|title = West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 \|publisher= Latest Laws.com\| access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\| url = https://advocatetanmoy.com/2018/06/26/the-west-bengal-official-language-act-1961/ \|title = The West Bengal Official Language Act 1961\|publisher= Advocate Tanmoy Law Library \| access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.wbja.nic.in/wbja_adm/files/The%20Bengal%20Official%20Language%20Act,%201961_1.pdf \|title = The West Bengal Official Language Act, 1961\| access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/official-language-status-for-urdu-in-some-west-bengal-areas/article3274293.ece \|title = Official status for Urdu in some West Bengal Areas \|publisher= The Hindu, 2 April 2012 \| access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref>		According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal. In addition to Bengali, the Nepali language is to be used for official purposes in the three hills subdivisions, namely Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kurseong, in the district of Darjeeling, and Urdu is to be used for official purposes in district/subdivision/ block/ municipality where the population speaking Urdu exceeds 10% of the total population. The English language will continue to be used for official purposes as it was being used prior to the enactment of these laws.<ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.latestlaws.com/bare-acts/state-acts-rules/west-bengal-state-laws/west-bengal-official-language-act-1961/\|title = West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 \|publisher= Latest Laws.com\| access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\| url = https://advocatetanmoy.com/2018/06/26/the-west-bengal-official-language-act-1961/ \|title = The West Bengal Official Language Act 1961\|publisher= Advocate Tanmoy Law Library \| access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.wbja.nic.in/wbja_adm/files/The%20Bengal%20Official%20Language%20Act,%201961_1.pdf \|title = The West Bengal Official Language Act, 1961\| access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/official-language-status-for-urdu-in-some-west-bengal-areas/article3274293.ece \|title = Official status for Urdu in some West Bengal Areas \|publisher= The Hindu, 2 April 2012 \| access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref>

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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nayagram
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.0319|N|87.1781|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jhargram district|Jhargram]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 501.44
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 24
| population_total = 142,199
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Santali language|Santali]], [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 721138 (Nayagram)<br/>721125 (Baligeria)
| registration_plate = WB-34
| area_code = 03229
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 63.70%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhargram]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Nayagram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nayagram]]
| website = {{URL|jhargram.gov.in/}}
[http://www.nayagram.in Official Website of Nayagram Dev. Block & Panchayat Samity]
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Nayagram''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Jhargram subdivision]] of [[Jhargram district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==History==

===Red corridor===
106 districts spanning 10 states across India, described as being a part of the [[Far-left politics|Left Wing Extremism]] activities, constitutes the [[Red corridor]]. In West Bengal the districts of Pashim Medinipur, Bankura, Purulia and Birbhum are part of the Red corridor. However, as of July 2016, there has been no reported incidents of [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)|Maoist]] related activities from these districts for the previous 4 years.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/red-corridor-to-be-redrawn/article8894304.ece |title = Red Corridor to be redrawn |last = Singh|first= Vijayita | publisher= The Hindu, 25 July 2016 | access-date = 1 August 2016}}</ref> In the period 2009-2011 LWE violence resulted in more than 500 deaths and a similar number missing in Paschim Medinipur district.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = May 2011. Page 271 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 31 July 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The [[Operation Lalgarh|Lalgarh movement]], which started attracting attention after the failed assassination attempt on [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee]], then chief minister of West Bengal, in the Salboni area of Paschim Medinipur district, on 2 November 2008 and the police action that followed, had also spread over to these areas.<ref name=frontline>{{Cite news| url = http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2614/stories/20090717261412900.htm | title = Lalgarh Battle |magazine = Frontline|date= 17 July 2009 |access-date = 23 July 2016}}</ref> The movement was not just a political struggle but an armed struggle that concurrently took the look of a social struggle. A large number of CPI (M) activists, and others active in different political parties, were killed. Although the epi-centre of the movement was Lalgarh, it was spread across 19 police stations in three adjoining districts – Paschim Medinipur, Bankura and Purulia, all thickly forested and near the border with Jharkhand. The deployment of [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]] and other forces started on 11 June 2009. The movement came to an end after the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011 state assembly elections]] and change of government in West Bengal. The death of [[Kishenji]], the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)|Maoist]] commander, on 24 November 2011 was the last major landmark.<ref name=frontline/><ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kishenjis-death-a-serious-blow-to-maoist-movement/article2657105.ece| title = Kishenji’s death a serious blow to Maoist movement |newspaper = The Hindu|date= 25 November 2011|access-date = 23 July 2016}}</ref>

From 2009 Maoist violence had rapidly spread across eleven western CD blocks of the district: Binpur I, Binpur II, Salboni, Garhbeta II, Jamboni, Jhargram, Midnapore Sadar, Gopiballavpur I, Gopiballavpur II, Sankrail and Nayagram.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = May 2011. Page 271 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 8 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Geography==

The [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]] gradually slopes down creating an undulating area with infertile laterite rocks/ soil. In Nayagram CD block 90% of the cultivated area has [[laterite|lateritic]] soil and 10% has [[alluvium|alluvial]] soil. Nayagram CD block is drought prone with a particularly severe drought situation.<ref name="geography">{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = page 4 (About Paschim Medinipur), page 26 (Predominant Soil), pages 265- 268 (Identification of Flood prone areas, Names of drought prone blocks) | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 2 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Nayagram is located at {{coord|22.0319|N|87.1781|E|format=dms|}}.

Nayagram CD block is bounded by [[Gopiballavpur II]], [[Sankrail, Paschim Medinipur (community development block)|Sankrail]] and [[Keshiari]] CD blocks in the north, [[Dantan I]] CD block and Jaleswar CD block/tehsil in [[Balasore district]] in Odisha, in the east, Moroda and Rasabobindapur CD blocks/tehsils, in [[Mayurbhanj district]] in Odisha, in the south and Suliapada CD block/tehsil, in Mayurbhanj district, in the west.

It is located 53 km from [[Midnapore]], the district headquarters.

Nayagram CD block has an area of 501.44 km<sup>2</sup>. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 12 [[gram panchayat]]s, 104 gram sansads (village councils), 336 [[mouza]]s and 294 inhabited villages. [[Nayagram#Police station|Nayagram]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur | work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 20 September 2020 }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Baligeria]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1918_PART_A_DCHB_PASCHIM%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Paschim Medinipur | work= Map of Paschim Medinipur with CD block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 20 November 2016 }}</ref>

Nayagram CD block had a forest cover of 15,400 hectares, against a total geographical area of 50,560 hectares in 2005-06.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report, Paschim Medinipur | work = Table 2.4, Page 28 | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, May 2011 | access-date = 2 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Nayagram block panchayat samiti are: Arrah, Baligeria, Barakhakri, Baranigui, Berajal, Chandabila, Chandrarekha, Jamirapal, Kharikamathani, Malam, Nayagram and Patina.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Paschim Medinipur - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 1 August 2016}}</ref>

==Demographics==

===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Nayagram CD block had a total population of 142,199, all of which were rural. There were 71,537 (50%) males and 70,662 (50%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 17,598. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 28,899 (20.32%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 56,887 (40.01%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 3 May 2016}}</ref>

According to the 2001 census, Nayagram block had a total population of 123,929, out of which 62,588 were males and 61,341 were females. Nayagram block registered a population growth of 16.38 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the combined Midnapore district was 14.87 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web | url =http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, (erstwhile) Medinipur District | access-date = 22 July 2016 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205819/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm|archive-date=September 28, 2011}}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.45 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 17 July 2016 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>

Villages in Nayagram CD block included (2011 census figures in brackets): Nayagram (2,300), Patina (884), Chandabila (967), Chandrarekha (542), Arra (684), Baligeria (444), [[Kharikamathani]] (2002), Malam (991), Jamirapat (769) and Berajal (288).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census the total number of literate persons in Nayagram CD block was 79,369 (63.70% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 46,340 (74.06% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 33,029 (53.25% of the female population over 6 years). The gender gap in literacy rates was 20.81%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Paschim Medinipur district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Paschim Medinipur, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 90.5% of the population of Paschim Medinipur district, followed by [[Santali language|Santali]] (4.6%), [[Hindi]] (1.4%), [[Kurmali language|Kurmali Thar]] (0.7%), [[Urdu]] (0.6%), [[Telugu language|Telugu]] (0.6%), [[Odia language|Odia]] (0.4%), [[Mundari language|Mundari]] (0.2%), [[Koda language|Koda/ Kora]] (0.1%), [[Munda languages|Munda]] (0.1%) and [[Nepali language|Nepali]] (0.1%). There were people, forming lesser proportion of population, having other languages as mother-tongue. People with other mother-tongues formed 0.7% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1918_PART_A_DCHB_PASCHIM%20MEDINIPUR.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Paschim Medinipur, Series 20, Part XII A , 2011 census|work = page 52: Mother tongue| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 10 September 2020}}</ref>

There is a tribal presence in many of the CD blocks of the district. [[Santali language|Santali]] is spoken by 55.93% of the tribal population of the district. The [[Bhumij]], forming 11.16% of the tribal population, and the [[Munda people|Mundas]], forming 6.10% of the tribal population, speak [[Mundari language|Mundari]]. Other small groups include Koras and Mahalis. The [[Lodha people|Lodhas]], forming 3.85% of the tribal population, the only primitive tribe in the district, speak [[Lodhi language|Lodhi]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = Page 217 Scheduled Tribe Community | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 25 July 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal. In addition to Bengali, the Nepali language is to be used for official purposes in the three hills subdivisions, namely Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kurseong, in the district of Darjeeling, and Urdu is to be used for official purposes in district/subdivision/ block/ municipality where the population speaking Urdu exceeds 10% of the total population. The English language will continue to be used for official purposes as it was being used prior to the enactment of these laws.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.latestlaws.com/bare-acts/state-acts-rules/west-bengal-state-laws/west-bengal-official-language-act-1961/|title = West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 |publisher= Latest Laws.com| access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://advocatetanmoy.com/2018/06/26/the-west-bengal-official-language-act-1961/ |title = The West Bengal Official Language Act 1961|publisher= Advocate Tanmoy Law Library | access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbja.nic.in/wbja_adm/files/The%20Bengal%20Official%20Language%20Act,%201961_1.pdf |title = The West Bengal Official Language Act, 1961| access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/official-language-status-for-urdu-in-some-west-bengal-areas/article3274293.ece |title = Official status for Urdu in some West Bengal Areas |publisher= The Hindu, 2 April 2012 | access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref>

The West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2012, included Hindi, Santhali, Odiya and Punjabi as official languages if it is spoken by a population exceeding 10 per cent of the whole in a particular block or sub-division or a district. Subsequently, Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi and Kurmali were also included in the list of minority languages by the West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2018.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/west-bengal/multi-lingual-bengal/cid/358751 |title = Multilingual Bengal |publisher= The Telegraph, 11 December 2012 | access-date = 15 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/kamtapuri-rajbanshi-make-it-to-list-of-official-languages-in-bengal/1263116 |title = Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi make it to the list of official languages in Bengal |publisher= Outlook, 28 February 2015 | access-date = 15 January 2019}}</ref> However, as of 2020, there is no official / other reliable information about the areas covered. Census 2011 provides language data only at the district and above level.

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Nayagram CD block
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindu]]|Orange|85.45}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians|Christian]]|Blue|1.77}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslim]]|Green|1.20}}
{{bar percent|Others|Yellow|11.58}}
}}
In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 121,502 and formed 85.45% of the population in Nayagram CD block. Christians numbered 2,514 and formed 1.77% of the population. Muslims numbered 1,713 and formed 1.20% of the population. Others numbered 16,470 and formed 11.58% of the population.<ref name=censusreligion2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html |title = C1 Population by Religious Community | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 29 July 2016}}</ref> Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html |title = ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 29 July 2016}}</ref> and other religious communities.<ref name=censusreligion2011/>

==BPL families==
In Nayagram CD block 69.26% families were living [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below poverty line]] in 2007.<ref name=bpl>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = May 2011. Page 177 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 8 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

According to the District [[Human Development Report]] of Paschim Medinipur: The 29 CD blocks of the district were classified into four categories based on the poverty ratio. Nayagram, Binpur II and Jamboni CD blocks have very high poverty levels (above 60%). Kharagpur I, Kharagpur II, Sankrail, Garhbeta II, Pingla and Mohanpur CD blocks have high levels of poverty (50-60%), Jhargram, Midnapore Sadar, Dantan I, Gopiballavpur II, Binpur I, Dantan II, Keshiari, Chandrakona I, Gopiballavpur I, Chandrakona II, Narayangarh, Keshpur, Ghatal, Sabang, Garhbeta I, Salboni, Debra and Garhbeta III CD blocks have moderate levels of poverty (25-50%) and Daspur II and Daspur I CD blocks have low levels of poverty (below 25%).<ref name=bpl/>

==Economy==
===Infrastructure===
280 or 83% of mouzas in Nayagram CD block were electrified by 31 March 2014.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur | work = Tables 2.1, 8.2, 16.1, 17.2, 18.2, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 20 September 2020 }}</ref>

322 mouzas in Nayagram CD block had drinking water facilities in 2013-14. There were 54 fertiliser depots, 6 seed stores and 38 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the CD block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Agriculture===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Persons engaged in agriculture<br/>in Nayagram CD block'''
|value1 = 2.52
|label1 = Bargadars
|value2 = 30.78
|label2 = Patta holders
|value3 = 2.73
|label3 = Small farmers
|value4 = 22.66
|label4 = Marginal farmers
|value5 = 41.31
|label5= Agricultural labourers}}

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of [[bargadar]]s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 7 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Nayagram CD block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 2.52%, patta (document) holders 30.78%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 2.73%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 22.66% and agricultural labourers 41.31%.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2005-06 net cropped area in Nayagram CD block was 22,826 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 15,126 hectares.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report, Paschim Medinipur | work = Table 2.4, Page 28 | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, May 2011 | access-date = 2 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The extension of irrigation has played a role in growth of the predominantly agricultural economy.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = Chapter V: Economic Livelihoods, pages 129-131 | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 2 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Nayagram CD block was 5,300 hectares, out of which 1,500 hectares were by tank water, 300 hectares by deep tubewells, 600 hectares by shallow tube wells, 500 hectares by river lift irrigation, 900 hectares by open dug wells and 1,500 hectares by other methods.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013-14, Nayagram CD block produced 3,745 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 3,065 hectares, 784 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 367 hectares, 1,234 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 421 hectares and 42,599 tonnes of potatoes from 1,403 hectares. It also produced mustard.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Banking===
In 2013-14, Nayagram CD block had offices of 10 commercial banks.<ref name=handbook2014/>

==Transport==
Nayagram CD block has 5 ferry services and 11 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 25 km from the CD block headquarters.<ref name=handbook2014/>

[[State Highway 9 (West Bengal)|State Highway 9]] originating from Durgapur (in Paschim Bardhaman district) terminates at [[Nayagram]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 23 August 2016}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2013-14, Nayagram CD block had 164 primary schools with 9,046 students, 24 middle schools with 1,355 students and 20 higher secondary schools with 14,309 students. Nayagram CD block had 525 institutions for special and non-formal education with 12,180 students.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The [[United Nations Development Programme]] considers the combined primary and secondary enrolment ratio as the simple indicator of educational achievement of the children in the school going age. The infrastructure available is important. In Sankrail CD block out of the total 151 primary schools in 2008-2009, 113 had pucca buildings, 12 partially pucca and 26 multiple type.<ref name=humandev2>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = May 2011. Pages: 60-75 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 31 July 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Nayagram and Gopiballavpur I CD blocks have been identified as educationally backward blocks and special efforts are being made through National Programme of Education for Girls at Elementary Level and [[Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya]] hostels. These are the hostels for accommodating girl students from weaker sections of the society and all costs relating to their livelihood are borne by the government so that they are not to be deprived of availing elementary education for want of money or other social issues.<ref name=humandev2/>

[[Nayagram Pandit Raghunath Murmu Government College]] was established in 2014 at [[Baligeria]]. It is affiliated to [[Vidyasagar University]]. It offers courses in Bengali, Santali, English, Sanskrit, history, philosophy, political science and sociology. The college is named after the great scholar [[Raghunath Murmu|Pandit Raghunath Murmu]] (1905–1982) who developed the [[Ol Chiki alphabet]] of [[Santali language]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://nayagramprmgovtcollege.org/ |title = Nayagram PRM Government College |publisher= Government of West Bengal | access-date = 27 October 2016 }}</ref>

==Healthcare==
Kharikamathani Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at [[Kharikamathani]], is the major government medical facility in Nayagram CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at: Chandabila (with 10 beds), Jamirapal (with 6 beds) and Baligeria (with 6 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 1 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 1 September 2020}}</ref>

The 300-bedded Sperspecialty Hospital at [[Nayagram]] was inaugurated in 2015.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/india/20151124/2732378.html |title = Mamata inaugurates new multi superspeciality hospitals for districts |publisher= Web India 123 | access-date = 4 May 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Jhargram district topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Jhargram district]]