https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=NavayanaNavayana - Revision history2026-08-20T19:26:30ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Navayana&diff=291229&oldid=prev152.57.146.3 at 15:51, 18 November 20212021-11-18T15:51:43Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:21, 18 November 2021</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l3">Line 3:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 3:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Buddha Shrine with Ambedkar (244910903).jpg|thumb|A Navayana Buddhist shrine with [[B. R. Ambedkar|Ambedkar]]'s portrait and ''[[The Buddha and His Dhamma]]'' book. The photograph is on the event of the 50th [[Dhammachakra Pravartan Day]].]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Buddha Shrine with Ambedkar (244910903).jpg|thumb|A Navayana Buddhist shrine with [[B. R. Ambedkar|Ambedkar]]'s portrait and ''[[The Buddha and His Dhamma]]'' book. The photograph is on the event of the 50th [[Dhammachakra Pravartan Day]].]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Buddhism}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Buddhism}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Young Indian Buddhist monk in Indian monastery.png|thumb<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|200px</del>|Young Indian [[samanera]] (novice Buddhist monk) in an Indian [[vihara]]. There are statues of the [[Buddha]] and [[bodhisattva]] [[B. R. Ambedkar|B.R. Ambedkar]].]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Young Indian Buddhist monk in Indian monastery.png|thumb|Young Indian [[samanera]] (novice Buddhist monk) in an Indian [[vihara]]. There are statues of the [[Buddha]] and [[bodhisattva]] [[B. R. Ambedkar|B.R. Ambedkar]].]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Navayana''' ([[Devanagari]]: नवयान, [[IAST]]: ''Navayāna'') means "new vehicle" and refers to the re-interpretation of [[Buddhism]] by [[B. R. Ambedkar|Bhimrao <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">R. </del>Ambedkar]];{{efn|Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is also called Babasaheb Ambedkar.}} it is also called '''Neo-Buddhism''',<ref name="Robinson2003p192">{{cite book |author=Tartakov, Gary |year=2003 |editor=Robinson, Rowena |title=Religious Conversion in India: Modes, motivations, and meanings |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-566329-7 |pages=192–213 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eNsoAAAAYAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Queen, Christopher |year=2015 |editor=Emmanuel, Steven M. |title=A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-14466-3 |pages=524–525 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_lmCgAAQBAJ}}</ref> and '''Bhimayāna''' (after Ambedkar's first name, Bhimrao).<ref name="Jacobsen2015p361">{{cite book |first=Eleanor |last=Zelliot |year=2015 |editor-first=Knut A. |editor-last=Jacobsen |title=Routledge Handbook of Contemporary India |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-40357-9 |pages=13, 361–370 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPBWCgAAQBAJ}}</ref> Ambedkar was born in a [[Dalit]] (untouchable) family during the colonial era of India, studied abroad, became a Mahar Dalit leader, and announced in 1935 his intent to convert from [[Hinduism]] to Buddhism.<ref name="Dirks2011p267">{{cite book |author=Dirks, Nicholas B. |year=2011 |title=Castes of Mind: Colonialism and the making of modern India |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-4094-6 |pages=267–274 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UP7vmkFSJhIC&pg=PA268}}</ref> Thereafter Ambedkar studied texts of Buddhism, found several of its core beliefs and doctrines such as ''[[Four Noble Truths]]'' and [[Anatta|"non-self"]] as flawed and pessimistic, then re-interpreted these into what he called "new vehicle" Buddhism, or ''Navayana''.<ref name="Jacobsen2015p361"/> Ambedkar held a press conference on 13&nbsp;October 1956, announcing his rejection of [[Theravada]] and [[Mahayana]] Buddhism, as well as of Hinduism.<ref name=queen524>{{cite book |author=Queen, Christopher |year=2015 |editor=Emmanuel, Steven M. |title=A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-14466-3 |pages=524–529 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_lmCgAAQBAJ}}</ref> Thereafter, he left Hinduism and adopted Navayana, about six weeks before his death.<ref name="Robinson2003p192"/><ref name="Jacobsen2015p361"/><ref name=queen524/> Its adherents see Navayana Buddhism not as a sect with radically different ideas, but rather as new movement founded on the principles of Buddhism.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Navayana''' ([[Devanagari]]: नवयान, [[IAST]]: ''Navayāna'') means "new vehicle" and refers to the re-interpretation of [[Buddhism]] by [[B. R. Ambedkar|Bhimrao <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Ramji </ins>Ambedkar]];{{efn|Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is also called Babasaheb Ambedkar.}} it is also called '''Neo-Buddhism''',<ref name="Robinson2003p192">{{cite book |author=Tartakov, Gary |year=2003 |editor=Robinson, Rowena |title=Religious Conversion in India: Modes, motivations, and meanings |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-566329-7 |pages=192–213 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eNsoAAAAYAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Queen, Christopher |year=2015 |editor=Emmanuel, Steven M. |title=A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-14466-3 |pages=524–525 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_lmCgAAQBAJ}}</ref> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''Ambedkarite Buddhism''', </ins>and '''Bhimayāna''' (after Ambedkar's first name, Bhimrao).<ref name="Jacobsen2015p361">{{cite book |first=Eleanor |last=Zelliot |year=2015 |editor-first=Knut A. |editor-last=Jacobsen |title=Routledge Handbook of Contemporary India |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-40357-9 |pages=13, 361–370 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPBWCgAAQBAJ}}</ref> Ambedkar was born in a [[Dalit]] (untouchable) family during the colonial era of India, studied abroad, became a Mahar Dalit leader, and announced in 1935 his intent to convert from [[Hinduism]] to Buddhism.<ref name="Dirks2011p267">{{cite book |author=Dirks, Nicholas B. |year=2011 |title=Castes of Mind: Colonialism and the making of modern India |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-4094-6 |pages=267–274 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UP7vmkFSJhIC&pg=PA268}}</ref> Thereafter Ambedkar studied texts of Buddhism, found several of its core beliefs and doctrines such as ''[[Four Noble Truths]]'' and [[Anatta|"non-self"]] as flawed and pessimistic, then re-interpreted these into what he called "new vehicle" Buddhism, or ''Navayana''.<ref name="Jacobsen2015p361"/> Ambedkar held a press conference on 13&nbsp;October 1956, announcing his rejection of [[Theravada]] and [[Mahayana]] Buddhism, as well as of Hinduism.<ref name=queen524>{{cite book |author=Queen, Christopher |year=2015 |editor=Emmanuel, Steven M. |title=A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-14466-3 |pages=524–529 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_lmCgAAQBAJ}}</ref> Thereafter, he left Hinduism and adopted Navayana, about six weeks before his death.<ref name="Robinson2003p192"/><ref name="Jacobsen2015p361"/><ref name=queen524/> Its adherents see Navayana Buddhism not as a sect with radically different ideas, but rather as new movement founded on the principles of Buddhism.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the [[Dalit Buddhist movement]] of India, Navayana is considered a new branch of Buddhism, different from the traditionally recognized branches of [[Theravada]], [[Mahayana]], and [[Vajrayana]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Omvedt |first=Gail |year=2003 |title=Buddhism in India: Challenging Brahmanism and caste |edition=3rd |place=London, UK; New Delhi, IN; Thousand Oaks, CA |publisher=Sage |pages=2, 3–7, 8, 14–15, 19, 240, 266, 271}}</ref> – considered to be foundational in the Buddhist traditions.<ref name=Keown-Prebish-2013>{{cite book |author1=Keown, Damien |author2=Prebish, Charles S. |title=Encyclopedia of Buddhism |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-98588-1 |page=25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFpcAgAAQBAJ}}</ref>{{efn|...&nbsp;the Buddhism upon which [Ambedkar] settled and about which he wrote in ''The Buddha and his Dhamma'' was, in many respects, unlike any form of Buddhism that had hitherto arisen within the tradition. Gone, for instance, were the doctrines of ''karma'' and rebirth, the traditional emphasis on renunciation of the world, the practice of meditation, and the experience of enlightenment. Gone too were any teachings that implied the existence of a trans-empirical realm ...&nbsp;. Most jarring, perhaps – especially among more traditional Buddhists – was the absence of the ''[[Four Noble Truths]]'', which Ambedkar regarded as the invention of wrong-headed monks.<ref name=Keown-Prebish-2013/>}} It radically re-interprets what Buddhism is,<ref name=Rich-to-uphold>{{cite book |author=Rich, Bruce |title=To Uphold the World |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-670-99946-0 |page=204 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-RHBJjU6AoC&pg=PA204}}{{full citation|date=March 2021|reason=needs year published}}</ref>{{efn|Ambedkar's interpretation of Buddhism was a radical one; it took a revisionist approach to a number of widely accepted traditional Buddhist teachings.<ref name=Rich-to-uphold/>}} revising the original Buddha teaching to be about [[Class conflict|class struggle]] and social equality.<ref name="Jacobsen2015p361"/><ref name="KeownPrebish2013p24">{{cite book |author1=Keown, Damien |author2=Prebish, Charles S. |title=Encyclopedia of Buddhism |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-98588-1 |pages=24–26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFpcAgAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref name=blackburn1/></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the [[Dalit Buddhist movement]] of India, Navayana is considered a new branch of Buddhism, different from the traditionally recognized branches of [[Theravada]], [[Mahayana]], and [[Vajrayana]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Omvedt |first=Gail |year=2003 |title=Buddhism in India: Challenging Brahmanism and caste |edition=3rd |place=London, UK; New Delhi, IN; Thousand Oaks, CA |publisher=Sage |pages=2, 3–7, 8, 14–15, 19, 240, 266, 271}}</ref> – considered to be foundational in the Buddhist traditions.<ref name=Keown-Prebish-2013>{{cite book |author1=Keown, Damien |author2=Prebish, Charles S. |title=Encyclopedia of Buddhism |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-98588-1 |page=25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFpcAgAAQBAJ}}</ref>{{efn|...&nbsp;the Buddhism upon which [Ambedkar] settled and about which he wrote in ''The Buddha and his Dhamma'' was, in many respects, unlike any form of Buddhism that had hitherto arisen within the tradition. Gone, for instance, were the doctrines of ''karma'' and rebirth, the traditional emphasis on renunciation of the world, the practice of meditation, and the experience of enlightenment. Gone too were any teachings that implied the existence of a trans-empirical realm ...&nbsp;. Most jarring, perhaps – especially among more traditional Buddhists – was the absence of the ''[[Four Noble Truths]]'', which Ambedkar regarded as the invention of wrong-headed monks.<ref name=Keown-Prebish-2013/>}} It radically re-interprets what Buddhism is,<ref name=Rich-to-uphold>{{cite book |author=Rich, Bruce |title=To Uphold the World |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-670-99946-0 |page=204 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-RHBJjU6AoC&pg=PA204}}{{full citation|date=March 2021|reason=needs year published}}</ref>{{efn|Ambedkar's interpretation of Buddhism was a radical one; it took a revisionist approach to a number of widely accepted traditional Buddhist teachings.<ref name=Rich-to-uphold/>}} revising the original Buddha teaching to be about [[Class conflict|class struggle]] and social equality.<ref name="Jacobsen2015p361"/><ref name="KeownPrebish2013p24">{{cite book |author1=Keown, Damien |author2=Prebish, Charles S. |title=Encyclopedia of Buddhism |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-98588-1 |pages=24–26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFpcAgAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref name=blackburn1/></div></td></tr>
</table>152.57.146.3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Navayana&diff=147692&oldid=previmported>JimRenge: Restored revision 1033539478 by Rossen4 (talk): Per WP:OR and WP:BURDEN2021-07-14T11:58:24Z<p>Restored revision 1033539478 by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Rossen4" title="Special:Contributions/Rossen4">Rossen4</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Rossen4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:Rossen4 (page does not exist)">talk</a>): Per <a href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/BP:OR" class="extiw" title="wp:OR">WP:OR</a> and <a href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/BP:BURDEN" class="extiw" title="wp:BURDEN">WP:BURDEN</a></p>
<a href="//en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Navayana&diff=147692">Show changes</a>imported>JimRenge