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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}<br />
{{for|other Chudasama kings named Navaghana|Navaghana (late 11th century king)|Navaghana}}<br />
'''Navaghana''' was an early [[Chudasama dynasty|Chudasama]] king known only from the ballads and folklore of [[Saurashtra region]] of [[Gujarat]], India. His capital was at Vamanasthali (now [[Vanthali]]) which he later moved to [[Junagadh]] during his last years of reign.<br />
[[File:Navghan Kuvo 02.jpg|thumb|[[Navghan Kuvo]], a well attributed to Navaghana]]<br />
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== In bardic literature ==<br />
The bardic literature says his father [[Dyas (king)|Dyas]] was defeated by Patan Raja (probably [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukya]] king) and Navaghana was rescued. When Navaghana grew up, he regained the throne. He may have been benefited by weakened Chaulukyas due to invasion of [[Mahmud Ghazni]] who attacked desecrated the [[Somnath temple]] in 1024 CE. Navaghana came to power soon after the attack.<ref name="Parikh">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.325016/page/n163|title=ગુજરાતનો રાજકીય અને સાંસ્કૃતિક ઇતિહાસ: સોલંકી કાલ|last=Shastri|first=Keshavram Kashiram|publisher=Bholabhai Jeshingbhai Institute of Learning and Research|year=1977|editor-last=Parikh|editor-first=Rasiklal Chhotalal|editor-link=Rasiklal Parikh|series=Research Series - Book No. 69|volume=IV|location=[[Ahmedabad]]|pages=135-137|language=gu|trans-title=Political and Cultural History of Gujarat: Solanki Era|author-link=Keshavram Kashiram Shastri|editor-last2=Shastri|editor-first2=Hariprasad Gangashankar|editor-link2=Hariprasad Shastri}}</ref><br />
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== Successors ==<br />
According to bardic tales and folklore, Navaghana reigned from 1026 CE to 1044 CE and he was succeeded by his son Khengara who reigned for 23 years (1144-1167 CE), followed by his son [[Navaghana (late 11th century king)|Navaghana]]. Udayamati, wife of Chaulukya ruler [[Bhima I]], was a daughter of his son Khengara.<ref name="Parikh" /><br />
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<!---THIS INFO IS OMITTED IN MODERN SOURCES SO HIDDEN FOR NOW<br />
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An [[Ahir]] named [[Devayat Bodar]] raised him and sacrificed his son to save Navaghana. When Navaghana grew up, he regained the throne with help of Ahirs. Another tale says that he defeated Hamir Sumro (probably [[Soomra dynasty|Soomra]] ruler) of Sindh when he tried to forcefully capture Jahal, daughter of Devayat, for marriage.<br />
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==Bardic legends==<br />
[[File:Painting of Jahal, sonbai and Devat Bodar who is killing his own son Uga to save Ranavghan.jpg|thumb|Painting of Jahal, Sonbai and Devayat Bodar who is sacrificing his own son Uga to save Navaghana]]<br />
===Devayat Bodar===<br />
{{main|Devayat Bodar}}<br />
According to bardic tales, Navaghana's father [[Dyas (king)|Dyas]] was defeated and killed by the Patan Raja (probably the [[Chaulukya]] king of [[Anahilapataka]]) in the battle.<ref name="Padma2014">{{cite book|author=Sree Padma|title=Inventing and Reinventing the Goddess: Contemporary Iterations of Hindu Deities on the Move|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Jn_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA189|date=3 July 2014|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-9002-9|page=189}}</ref><ref name="Wilberforce-Bell1980">{{cite book|author=Harold Wilberforce-Bell|title=The History of Kathiawad from the Earliest Times|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.70165|year=1916|publisher=William Heinemann|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.70165/page/n86 54]–83}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="GBP1884">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c70MAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA711|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency : Kathiawar|publisher=Government Central Press|year=1884|editor=Watson|editor-first=James W.|volume=VIII|location=Bombay|pages=492–493}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> His young son Navaghana was rescued and taken to an Ahir named [[Devayat Bodar]].<ref name=IA2>{{Cite book|title=Indian Antiquary|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044025682105;view=1up;seq=347|last=Watson|first=James W.|year=1873|volume=2|pages=312-317|chapter=Legends of the Earlier Chudasama Ras of Junagadh|via=HathiTrust Digital Library}} {{open access}}</ref><ref name="Wilberforce-Bell1980"/><ref name="GBP1884"/><br />
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Devayat raised Navaghana in secrecy. Once the governor of Saurashtra was informed about Navaghana so Devayat had to send his son Uga in his place who was then killed.<ref name="Wilberforce-Bell1980"/><ref name="GBP1884"/><br />
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When Navaghana became adult, the governor was invited to the marriage of Jahal, a daughter of Devayat. The governor and his men were killed by assembled Ahirs and Navaghana was raised to the throne.<ref name="Wilberforce-Bell1980"/><ref name="GBP1884"/><br />
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===Hamir Soomra===<br />
Jahal was living with his husband in Sindh. The local ruler Hamir Soomra (probably of [[Soomra dynasty]] of Sindh) saw and fell in love with her and endeavoured to seize her but the Ahirs fled. Hamir Soomra pursued them and she sought aid from Navaghana and sent him some verses reminding him that her brother Uga's life had been given for him. Navaghana now marched on Sindh and defeated Hamir Soomra and rescued Jasal.<ref name="Wilberforce-Bell1980"/><ref name="GBP1884"/><ref name="Burgess1876">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.106940|title=Report on the Antiquities of Kathiawad and Kachh: Being the Result of the Second Season's Operations of the Archaeological Survey of Western India, 1874-75|author=James Burgess|year=1876|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.106940/page/n221 163]–165|chapter=Girnar}}</ref><ref name="General1965">{{cite book|author=Office of the Registrar General India|title=Census of India, 1961: Gujarat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zQEdAQAAMAAJ|year=1965|publisher=Manager of Publications|page=276}}</ref><br />
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He returned to Saurashtra and went to Dhari at which place he is said to have dropped a most valuable ring in the Galdharo Talav. In order to recover it, he tried but unsuccessfully to empty the tank. A local couplet records this attempt thus:<ref name="Wilberforce-Bell1980"/><ref name="GBP1884"/>{{quote|999 Pavars Naghana employed, nevertheless the bottom was not, and the Galdharo was not a whit dismayed.}}<br />
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[[Ranchhodji Diwan]], an author of the ''Tarikh-i-Sorath'', writes that the army of Navaghana was composed of [[Rajput]]s, [[Ahir]]s, [[Kathi Darbar|Kathi]]s, [[Koli people|Kolis]] and [[Khant (caste)|Khant]]s.<ref name="Wilberforce-Bell1980"/><ref name="GBP1884"/><br />
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==Dates and succession==<br />
[[Hemchandra]]'s ''Dvyashraya'' and [[Merutunga]]'s ''[[Prabandha-Chintamani]]'' mentions later rulers of Junagadh, [[Navaghana (late 11th century king)|Navaghana]] and as ''Abhira Ranaka'' or ''Ahir Rana'' which is fairly applied as their ancestor regained the throne with help of Ahirs according to this bardic tales.<ref name="KumarS2003">{{cite book|editor-last1=Kumar |editor-first1=Sushil|editor-last2=Kumar|editor-first2=Naresh|title=Encyclopaedia of folklore and folktales of South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MDUkAQAAIAAJ|volume=10|year=2003|publisher=Anmol Publications|isbn=978-81-261-1400-9|page=2771}}</ref><br />
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It is difficult to decide the correct dates of the king as the information about him is derived only from bardic tales and folklore. According to the ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'', Navaghana reigned from Vamanasthali from 1026 CE to 1044 CE and he was succeeded by his son Khengara who reigned for 23 years, followed by his son [[Navaghana (late 11th century king)|Navaghana]].<ref name="Wilberforce-Bell1980"/><ref name="GBP1884"/><br />
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--->== Cultural activities ==<br />
The construction of [[Navghan Kuvo]], a stepwell in the [[Uparkot Fort]], is attributed to him. It is considered an oldest example of stepwell in Gujarat by some scholars.<ref name="a">{{cite book|author=Jutta Jain-Neubauer|title=The Stepwells of Gujarat: In Art-historical Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=61fSwBF4bbYC|year=1981|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-0-391-02284-3|pages=22, 27}}</ref><br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Chudasama dynasty}}<br />
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[[Category:Chudasama dynasty]]<br />
[[Category:10th-century Indian monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:Legendary rulers]]</div>->Monkbot