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{{Short description|Nine essential grains in Indian cuisine}}
'''Navdhānya''' or '''Navadhaniyam''' refers to nine [[food grain]]s namely [[wheat]], [[Paddy (unmilled rice)|paddy]], [[pigeon pea]], [[hyacinth bean]], [[chickpea]], [[mung bean]], [[sesame]], [[black gram]] and [[horse gram]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Southern Economist|volume=31|year=1992|first=Susheela|last=Subrahmanya|publisher=University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign|page=26}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Hinduism and Nature|first=Nanditha|last=Krishna |year=2017|isbn=978-9-387-32654-5|publisher=Penguin Random House India}}</ref> Navdhānya means "nine grains" in several Indian languages and form an essential part of [[Indian cuisine]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Bloomsbury Handbook of Indian Cuisine|year=2023|isbn=978-1-350-12865-1|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|page=331}}</ref>

==Hindu theology==
In [[Hindu cosmology]], Navdhānya are considered to represent the [[Navagraha]] (nine planets).<ref>{{cite book|title=Teaching Religion and Healing|first=Inés M.|last=Talamantez|year=2006|isbn=978-0-199-72737-7|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=71}}</ref> The grains represent the following nodes:<ref>{{cite book|title=The Makers of the World:Caste, Craft, and Mind of South Indian Artisans|first=Jan|last=Brouwer|year=1995|isbn=978-0-195-63091-6|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=89}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Navagrahas:
!No.
!Image
!Name
!Western equivalent
!Day
!Food grain
|-
|1.
|[[File:Surya graha.JPG|90px]]
|[[Surya]]
|[[Sun]]
|[[Sunday]]
|[[Wheat]]
|-
|2.
|[[File:Chandra graha.JPG|90px]]
|[[Chandra]]
|[[Moon]]
|[[Monday]]
|[[Paddy (unmilled rice)|Paddy]]
|-
|3.
|[[File:Angraka graha.JPG|90px]]
|[[Mangala]]
|[[Mars]]
|[[Tuesday]]
|[[Chickpea]]
|-
|4.
|[[File:Budha graha.JPG|90px]]
|[[Budha]]
|[[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]]
|[[Wednesday]]
|[[Mung bean]]
|-
|5.
|[[File:Brihaspati graha.JPG|90px]]
|[[Bṛhaspati]]
|[[Jupiter]]
|[[Thursday]]
|[[Bengal gram]]
|-
|6.
|[[File:Shukra graha.JPG|90px]]
|[[Shukra]]
|[[Venus]]
|[[Friday]]
|[[White bean]]
|-
|7.
|[[File:Shani graha.JPG|90px]]
|[[Shani]]
|[[Saturn]]
|[[Saturday]]
|[[Black sesame]]
|-
|8.
|[[File:Rahu graha.JPG|90px]]
|[[Rahu]]
|Ascending [[Lunar node|node of the Moon]]
|
|[[Black gram]]
|-
|9.
|[[File:Ketu graha.JPG|90px]]
|[[Ketu (mythology)|Ketu]]
|Descending [[Lunar node|node of the Moon]]
|
|[[Horse gram]]
|}

==Worship and rituals==
It is customary for Hindus to use Navdanya during certain rituals and auspicious events.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Makers of the World: Caste, Craft, and Mind of South Indian Artisans|author=Jan Brouwer|year=1995|isbn=978-0-195-63091-6|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=155}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Vedic Voices:Intimate Narratives of a Living Andhra Tradition|first=David M.|last=Knipe|year=2015|isbn=978-0-190-26673-8|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> During traditional Hindu initiation ceremonies such as [[Upanayana]] that marks the acceptance of a student by a preceptor and [[Vidyāraṃbhaṃ]] that is performed before a child begins their formal education involve the offering of navdhanya.<ref>{{cite book|title=Cultural Rhythms in Emotions, Narratives and Dance|first=Nita|last=Mathur|year=2002|isbn=978-8-121-50993-0|publisher=University of Michigan|page=62}}</ref> During festivals such as [[Ayudha Puja|Saraswati Puja]], a new scroll and writing equipment are placed on the navdhanya.<ref>{{cite book|title=Festivals of Tamil Nadu|first=Mu|last=Aruṇācalam|year=1980|publisher=University of Michigan|page=74}}</ref>

In [[Mariamman]] worship in [[South India]], the sprouts of these food grains, traditionally known as ''mullaipaari'' forms an important part of festivals and rituals.<ref>{{cite book|title=Religious Experience in the Hindu Tradition|year=2019|isbn=978-3-039-21050-3|publisher=Mdpi AG|page=147}}</ref> The seeds are grown on temporary trays or pots and are either allowed to sprout in the [[Hindu temple|temple]] or carried to the temples after sprouting. If the seeds sprout healthily, it is considered as a good sign and an indication of an upcoming good harvest.<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal for the Study of Religion|volume=18|year=2005|publisher=Association for the Study of Religion|page=56}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Navagraha]]
[[Category:Hindu astronomy]]
[[Category:Hindu astrology]]
[[Category:Hindu theology]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]

Navadhanya - Revision history

Mohitjikumar32: added new pg