imported>Pvmoutside: /* Birds of Nauradehi */

2021-08-11T15:48:11Z

Birds of Nauradehi

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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Wildlife sanctuary
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|10|41.31|N|79|12|6.79|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = '''[[Sagar District|Sagar]]''', '''[[Damoh District|Damoh]]''', '''[[Narsinghpur District|Narsinghpur]]''', '''[[Raisen District|Raisen]]'''
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1975
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1197
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 600
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Jabalpur]] ({{convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}}) 
[[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] ({{convert|65|km|mi|abbr=on}})
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[IUCN protected area categories|IUCN category]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = IV
| blank3_name_sec1 = Visitation
| blank3_info_sec1 = Limited commercial tourism
| blank4_name_sec1 = Governing body
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Government of India]], [[Ministry of Environment and Forests]], [[Project Tiger]] [http://mpforest.org/wildlife.html Madhya Pradesh Forest Department]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{convert|1200|mm|in}}
| blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|48|°C|°F}}
| blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|5|°C|°F}}
| website = {{URL|mpforest.org/nauradehi1.html}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary''', covering about {{convert|1197|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}, is the largest [[Wildlife sanctuaries of India|wildlife sanctuary]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in [[India]]. This wildlife sanctuary is a part of 5500 km2 of forested landscape. It is located in the centre of the state covering parts of [[Sagar District|Sagar]], [[Damoh District|Damoh]], [[Narsinghpur District|Narsinghpur]], and [[Raisen District|Raisen]] Districts. It is about 90 km from [[Jabalpur]] and about 56 km from Sagar.

It is a potential site for the [[Cheetah Reintroduction in India]]. The [[cheetah]] prey density were reasonable and based on current prey density the area could support about 25 cheetahs. 750 km2 area was recommended by relocation of 23 villages. After relocating the species, the site could support over 50 cheetahs and Nauradehi could harbour over 70 individuals.

The wildlife refuge is divided into six ranges:
* Mohli Range,
* Singpur Range,
* Jhapan Range,
* Sarra Range,
* D'Gaon Range,
* Nauradehi Range<ref>[http://www.india9.com/i9show/Noradehi-Wildlife-Sanctuary-14434.htm Noradehi Wildlife Sanctuary]</ref><ref name="KB">

{{cite web
|url=http://www.kolkatabirds.com/sanctuaries3.htm
|title=Part 3: Central & Western India
|work=Geographical locations of protected places in India Using Latitude and Longitude coordinates
|author=Sumit K Sen
|publisher=Kolkatabirds
|date=
|accessdate=2012-02-12
}}</ref>

==History==
This forest area was made a sanctuary in [[Wildlife sanctuaries of India|1975]].<ref name="IE">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/mp-becomes-first-state-to-assemble-tree-dna-in-forest-reserve/story-2Phhh97TqMpt7gEgkHFv0O.html |title=MP becomes first state to map trees using DNA to curb smuggling - bhopal |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date= |author= |accessdate= January 2, 2021}}</ref>

==Geography==
The protected area sits astride two major river basins of India, namely the [[Narmada River|Narmada]], flowing west to the [[Arabian Sea]] and the [[Ganges River|Ganges]], flowing east to the [[Bay of Bengal]]. Three-fourths of the wildlife sanctuary falls in the basin of Ganges tributary, the [[Yamuna River]], of which the [[Ken River]] is a tributary, and one fourth of the sanctuary falls in the Naramada basin. The north flowing Kopra River, Bamner River, Vyarma River and Bearma River, which are tributaries of the Ken River, are the major rivers of this protected area. Some smaller streams flow southerly to the Narmada river in the south of the sanctuary.

The forest is spread over the southern area of the [[Vindhya Range]] of hills in which the [[Bandhavgarh National Park]] and [[Panna National Park]] are also located.

Nauradehi Sanctuary is located at an elevation of {{convert|400|m|ft|abbr=on}} to {{convert|600|m|ft|abbr=on}} above [[Mean sea level|MSL]]. Average annual rainfall is {{convert|1200|mm|in|abbr=on}}.
The seasons here are:
:Winter - November to February, {{convert|5|C|F|abbr=on}} to {{convert|30|C|F|abbr=on}}
:Summer - March to June, {{convert|30|C|F|abbr=on}} to {{convert|48|C|F|abbr=on}} and
:Monsoon - July to October, {{convert|20|C|F|abbr=on}} to {{convert|35|C|F|abbr=on}}.<ref name="IE"/>

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Noradehi Wildlife Sanctuary
|North = [[Garhakota]] agricultural town
|Northeast =[[Damoh|Damoh town]] (8o km), [[Panna National Park]] (125 km) and [[Bandhavgarh National Park]] (175 km) [[Project Tiger|Tiger Reserves]]
|East = [[Jabalpur]], largest city of Madhya Pradesh headquarters of [[Jabalpur district]] (80 km)
|Southeast = [[Pench National Park]] Tiger Reserve (175 km)
|South = [[Narsinghpur]], historic administrative headquarters of agricultural [[Narsinghpur District]]
|Southwest = [[Satpura National Park]] (130 km)
|West = [[Bhopal]], capital city of Madhya Pradesh (210 km)
|Northwest = [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]], picturesque, rail hub (65 km)
}}

==Flora==
{{main|Flora and fauna of Madhya Pradesh}}
The flora consists of central Indian Monsoon forests, which include [[tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest|tropical dry deciduous forest]]. Major trees found are [[teak]], [[saja (tree)|saja]], [[dhawda]], [[Shorea robusta|sal]], [[Diospyros melanoxylon|tendu]] (Coromandel ebony), [[Chloroxylon|bhirra]] (East Indian satinwood) and [[Madhuca longifolia|mahua]]. In March the deciduous trees begin to shed their leaves for a hot summer season.<ref name="IE"/>

The sanctuary exists as fragmented patches of variable density forest. The sanctuary needs more research and study of its habitats, flora, fauna and avi-fauna.<ref name="LT"/>

==Fauna==
[[Canis lupus pallipes|Indian wolf]] is the [[keystone species]] of Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary.<ref name="LT">
{{cite web
|url=http://secrets-of-cats.com/lost-tigers-of-nauradehi
|title=Lost tigers of Nauradehi
|website=
|author=
|publisher=Secrets of Cats
|date=2010-05-30
|accessdate=2012-02-12
}}</ref> Other [[carnivore]]s here include: [[Bengal tiger]], [[Indian leopard]], [[striped hyena]], [[wild dog]] (Dhole), [[Bengal fox]], [[Muggar crocodile]], [[golden jackal]], and [[Sloth bear|bear]]s. The tiger and the leopards are conspicuous by their absence though infrequent evidences are met with. Recently a tigress was found dead due to old age. Other fauna often seen is [[Lutrogale perspicillata|smooth Indian otter]], [[sloth bear]] and [[Indian grey mongoose]].
Herbivores living here include: [[Four-horned antelope]] (Chousingha), [[nilgai]] (blue bull), [[chinkara]] (Indian gazelle), [[sambar deer]], [[blackbuck|blackbuck antelope]], [[barking deer]], [[grey langur]], [[rhesus macaque]], [[chital]] (spotted deer) and [[wild boar]].

[[Reptile]] species found in Nauradehi includes [[monitor lizard]], [[mugger crocodile]], [[turtle]], [[tortoise]] and [[snake]]s.

== Birds of Nauradehi ==
Due to presence of perennial water sources including several rivers and [[Cheola lake]], there are a great number of birds in the protected area. Bird groups found there include: [[eagle]]s, [[vulture]]s, [[stork]]s, [[Crane (bird)|crane]]s, [[egret]]s, [[lapwing]]s, [[Kite (bird)|kite]]s, [[owl]]s, [[kingfisher]]s, [[quail]]s and [[dove]]s.

At least 150 bird species can be seen in Noradehi. Some of the birds are king vulture, [[Egyptian vulture]] ([[endangered species|E]]), [[white-rumped vulture]] long billed vulture, ([[Critically endangered|CR]]), [[lesser adjutant stork]] ([[Vulnerable species|V]]), [[painted stork]], [[Asian openbill|open-billed stork]], [[spotted owl]], [[Jungle owlet|barred jungle owlet]], [[black-winged kite]], [[Indian pond heron]], [[green sandpiper]], [[Indian pied myna]], [[common myna]], [[wood sandpiper]], [[red-wattled lapwing]], [[Yellow wagtail (disambiguation)|yellow wagtail]], [[purple sunbird]], [[white breasted kingfisher]], [[stork-billed kingfisher]], [[black drongo]], [[Indian robin]], [[long-tailed shrike]], [[black ibis]], [[rock pigeon]], [[Indian peafowl]], [[grey francolin]], [[jungle babbler]], [[golden oriole]], [[spotted dove]], [[Indian roller]], [[magpie]], [[paddyfield pipit]], [[crested serpent eagle]], [[jungle crow]], [[Asian green bee-eater]], honey buzzard, changeable hawk eagle, shikra, paradise flycatcher, [[verditer flycatcher]], black naped monarch, common woodshrike, plum headed parakeet, rose ringed parakeet and [[greater coucal]]. The [[Indian spotted creeper|spotted grey creeper]], a rare bird, is also found here.

During winter season the sanctuary serves as the seasonal home for migratory birds, including the [[sarus crane]].<ref name="IE"/>

== Visitor information ==
The park is open from November to June. The best time to visit is winter i.e. November to February when it is not too hot and trees are still green. The sanctuary closes during monsoon from July till October to give trees and animals time to [[Acclimatization|reacclimatize]].

[[Jabalpur]] or [[Bhopal]] can be convenient bases to explore the sanctuary, which have airports. The Jabalpur-[[Jaipur]] highway ([[National Highway 12 (India)|NH 12]]) passes through the sanctuary about {{convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of Jabalpur. Nearby railheads include [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]], [[Damoh]] and [[Narsinghpur]].<ref name="IE"/>

Forest Rest Houses and Forest Department guides are available for visitors to Noradehi.<ref name="MPFD-N">
{{cite web
|url=http://mpforest.org/nauradehi1.html
|title=Nauradehi Sanctuary
|work=Wild Life
|author=
|publisher=Madhya Pradesh Forest Department
|date=
|accessdate=2012-02-13
}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
*[https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20110221194518/http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/ProjectCheetahBrochure.pdf Project Cheetah (Brochure)], September 2010, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. Accessed 01 Feb 2011.
*[https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20110221194605/http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/Reintroducing%20the%20Cheetah%20in%20India.pdf Reintroducing the Cheetah in India]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110927004033/http://www.wildlifetrustofindia.org/pages/cheetah-report.pdf Assessing the potential for reintroducing the cheetah in India, 2010.] A report on the feasibility of cheetah reintroduction in India, jointly prepared by the [[Wildlife Trust of India]] (WTI) and [[Wildlife Institute of India]] (WII), and submitted to the [[Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)|Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India]] ([[MK Ranjitsinh Jhala|Ranjitsinh, M. K.]] & [[Yadvendradev Vikramsinh Jhala|Jhala, Y. V.]] (2010) Assessing the potential for reintroducing the cheetah in India. Wildlife Trust of India, Noida, & the Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, TR2010/001). Also available at WII website: [http://www.wii.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=385:assessing-the-potential-for-reintroducing-the-cheetah-in-india-tr-2010001&catid=76:announcements], [http://www.wii.gov.in/index.php?view=article&catid=76%3Aannouncements&id=385%3Aassessing-the-potential-for-reintroducing-the-cheetah-in-india-tr-2010001&format=pdf&option=com_content]. Accessed 01 Feb 2011. Also available at Ministry of Environment and Forests (India) website: [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20110221194605/http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/Reintroducing%20the%20Cheetah%20in%20India.pdf] Accessed 20 Sept 2011.

==External sources==
*[http://mpforest.org/nauradehi1.html Nauradehi Sanctuary MP Forest department]
*[http://www.thepenthouse.in/nauradehiwildlifesanctuary.htm Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary (Penthouse.in)]
*[http://www.thepenthouse.in/birdsofNauradehi.htm Noradehi Birds Checklist], 120 species

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Cheetah reintroduction in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Sagar district]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1975]]

Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary - Revision history

imported>Pvmoutside: /* Birds of Nauradehi */