imported>Wazir Khan Khandara: /* Marriage with Saraswati */

2021-08-28T04:38:23Z

Marriage with Saraswati

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{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Naubat Khan
| image = Work of Ustad Mansur, British Museum.jpg
| image_size = 250
| caption = Portrait of Naubat Khan Kalawant by [[Ustad Mansur]], Mughal School ca. 1600, [[British Museum]], London.<ref name="Wade1998"/>
| native_name = नौबात खान
| native_name_lang = Hindi
| birth_name = Misri Singh
| birth_place = Kishangarh, Rajasthan
| instrument = [[Rudra veena]]
| module = {{Infobox person|child=yes

}}
| genre = [[Hindustani Classical Music]]
| occupation = Karori, Beenkar, Classical Mughal Era Musician, Darogha of Naqqar Khana
}}
Naubat Khan (also known as Ali Khan Karori) was an Indian classical music composer, musician and instrumentalist who was made a Mansabdar by Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]]. He is known today for his skills with the ''[[rudra veena]]'' or ''bīn'', which he is shown playing in paintings by Mughal court artists.Naubat Khan was the contemporary and son in law of legendary [[Tansen]].<ref name="Wade1998">{{cite book|author=Bonnie C. Wade|title=Imaging Sound: An Ethnomusicological Study of Music, Art, and Culture in Mughal India |url=https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn0000wade |url-access=registration|date=January 1998|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-86841-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn0000wade/page/119 119]}}</ref><ref name="Hindustan1989">{{cite book|author=Jahangir (Emperor of Hindustan)|authorlink=Jahangir |translator= Alexander Rogers |editor= Henry Beveridge |title=The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī, Or, Memoirs of Jahāngīr |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1850/page/111/mode/2up |year=1909 |publisher=Royal Asiatic Society |place=London |page=111 |quote=On the 14th I gave ‘Alī Khān Kaṛorī, who was one of my revered father’s old servants and was the dārogha of the Naqārakhāna (drum-house), the title of Naubat Khān, and promoted him to the rank of 500 personal and 200 horse.}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Naubat Khan was the grandson of Raja [[Samokhan Singh]] of [[Kishangarh]].<ref name="Slawek1987">{{cite book|author=Stephen Slawek|title=Sitār Technique in Nibaddh Forms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nw8l6QGFi2EC&pg=PA17|year=1987|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0200-1|page=17}}</ref> Samokhan Singh, a [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]] prince, was himself a great veena player of his time.<ref name="Dhar1989">{{cite book|author=Sunita Dhar|title=Senia gharana, its contribution to Indian classical music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbgHAQAAMAAJ&q=samokhan+singh|year=1989|publisher=Reliance Pub. House|isbn=978-81-85047-49-2|page=13}}</ref>

As the Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]] fought his wars of conquest in India, he fought against Raja [[Samokhan Singh]]. Singh was defeated in the battle and his grandson Misri Singh (Naubat Khan) was kept under house arrest. Misri Singh later accepted Islam<ref name="CrillJariwala2010">{{cite book|author1=Rosemary Crill|author2=Kapil Jariwala|title=The Indian Portrait, 1560-1860|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ongF6dkNKAcC&pg=PA70|year=2010|publisher=Mapin Publishing Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-81-89995-37-9|page=70}}</ref> and was named Ali. He was trained under [[Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana]], the son of [[Bairam Khan]] to get an understanding of the Mughal court procedures. Ali was given the title of Khan by Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]], and the post of ''Karori'', i.e. Collector of revenue. He was later given the prestigious position of the ''darogha'' of the Naqqar Khana. As mentioned in [[Tuzk-e-Jahangiri]], Ali Khan Karori was given the title of ''Naubat Khan'' and promoted to the rank of 500 personnel and 200 horse on 9 July 1607 (Gregorian), or 14 Rabi ul Awwal 1016 ([[Hijri]]), during Jahangir's visit to Kabul.<ref name="Wade1998b">{{cite book|author=Bonnie C. Wade|title=Imaging Sound: An Ethnomusicological Study of Music, Art, and Culture in Mughal India|url=https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn0000wade|url-access=registration|date=January 1998|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-86841-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn0000wade/page/120 120]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/jun/04/slide-show-1-london-portrait-gallery-showcases-indian-art.htm|title=London's Portrait Gallery showcases Mughal art|date=4 June 2010|work=Rediff}}</ref><ref name="Wade1998c">{{cite book|author=Bonnie C. Wade|title=Imaging Sound: An Ethnomusicological Study of Music, Art, and Culture in Mughal India|url=https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn0000wade|url-access=registration|quote=ali khan karori.|date=January 1998|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-86841-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn0000wade/page/120 120]}}</ref>

==Marriage with Saraswati==
Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]] himself arranged the marriage of Naubat Khan to Tansen's daughter, Saraswati. Saraswati accepted Islam and was named Hussaini. They had a son named Lal Khan. Lal Khan was the son-in-law of Tansen's son Bilas Khan.<ref name=journal1>{{cite journal |title= Hidden in Plain View: Brajbhasha Poets at the Mughal Court |author= Allison Busch |journal= Modern Asian Studies |volume= 44 |issue=2 |date=March 2010 |page=285 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/27764657|quote=Descendants of Tansen such as Lal Khan (son-in-law of Tamsen's son Bilas) and Lal Khan's sons, Khush-hal and Vishram, maintained the tradition of ''druhpad'' at the Mughal court...The Pādshāhnāmah mentions that Lal Khan was rewarded with an elephant and the title "''guna samudra''" (ocean of talent).}}</ref><ref name="Moorthy2001">{{cite book|author=Vijaya Moorthy|title=Romance of the Raga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2s2xJetsy0wC&pg=PA27|year=2001|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-382-3|page=27}}</ref> Lal Khan would become the chief musician of Emperor [[Shahjahan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/search?tbm=bks&hl=en&q=romance+of+raga+lal+khan+gunsamudra|title=romance of raga lal khan gunsamudra - Google Search|work=google.co.in}}{{failed verification|date=September 2016}}</ref> Shahajahan conferred on him the title of [[Gunsamundra]].<ref name=journal1/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hnFMAAAAYAAJ&q=gunsamudra|title=The Music of India|last1=Fyzee-Rahamin|first1=Atiya Begum|year=1979}}</ref>

==Subject of individual portrait==
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
| align = right

| image1 = A double sided Muraqqa Folio.jpg
| width1 = 200
| alt1 = Saraswati with an ālāpiṇī vīṇā
| caption1 = A double sided Muraqqa Folio, The Verso Folio, ca. 1580-1600.

| image2 =THE MUSICIAN NAUBAT KHAN PLAYING A RUDRA VINA.jpg
| width2 = 200
| alt2 = The Musician Naubat Khan Playing a Rudra Vina, Circa 1580-1600, Sotheby's auctions.
| caption2 =A double sided Muraqqa Folio, the musician Naubat Khan playing a rudra vina (front side), ca. 1580-1600.
}}

Only highly ranked figures of the court enjoyed the privilege of being painted alone or within an assembly by the painters of the court and Naubat Khan is one of the rare musicians – along with the illustrious singer-composer Tansen – to have been the subject of an individual portrait. Both Tansen and Naubat Khan were individually immortalized by artists of the Imperial atelier during the reign of Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]].

A well-known portrait of Naubat Khan painted during Akbar's reign and attributed to the artist Mansur, is held in the British Museum. Another tinted drawing of him is in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and yet another from the Edwin Binney 3rd Collection is presently held in the San Diego Museum of Art. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rudravina.com/html_gb/musn_01.html#par1|title=Rudra-Vina, The musicians - The Mughal period|work=rudravina.com}}</ref>

In a fourth portrait of Naubat Khan, part of a Double Sided Muraqqa Folio, Naubat Khan is shown playing a rudra vina, or bin, with its large round orange gourds, wearing an Akbar period white muslin chakdar (four pointed) jama with a small white kulhadar (an early Akbar-style turban) on his head. The reverse side of the image has calligraphic ''nasta'liq'' script. It contains a work of poetry (possibly [[Sufi poetry]]), reading:<ref>{{cite web|title= A Double-Sided Muraqqa' Folio: The Musician Naubat Khan Playing a Rudra Vina |publisher=Sotheby's |url= https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2015/indian-himalayan-southeast-asian-art-n09478/lot.859.html}}</ref>

"chand gu'i ze koja'i o koja
az nahan-khaneh-ye tajridam o az deyr fana
to jadal mi-koni amma che-koni chun na-koni
goft haqq dar haqq-e to akthar-e shay' jadala".

Translation:

"How many times will you ask: Where are you? Where are you? Where?
I am from the closet of separation and from the transitory world.
You dispute, but what will you achieve if you do not?
He said: Truth, you will always be the cause of disagreement".

<gallery>
File:Akbar empfängt Husayn Quli Khan mit Gefangenen aus Gujarat.jpg|Hussain Quli presents prisoners of war to Akbar, a view of the bin player Naubat Khan (in white dress holding Rudra Vina).<ref name="Wade1998"/> Illustration from the Akbar-nama, Mughal school, towards 1590.[[Victoria & Albert Museum]] U.K.
File:Naubat Khan Kalawant inscribed.Museum of Fine Arts Boston.jpg|India, Mughal period. Naubat Khan the Vina Player, [[Museum of Fine Arts, Boston]].<ref name="Wade1998"/>
File:Naubat Khan.jpg|18th century C.E. portrait of Naubat Khan Kalawant, [[San Diego Museum of Art]], Edwin Binney 3rd Collection.<ref name="Wade1998"/>

</gallery>

==Beenkar dynasty==

Naubat Khan was the founder of the ''beenkar'' or ''binkar'' dynasty of India. His direct descendants commanded respect in musical circles for several centuries. Notable members of this family are
* Lal Khan [[Gunsamundra]] (chief musician of [[Shahjahan]], son-in-law of Tansen's son [[Bilas Khan]])<ref name="Moorthy2001"/>
* [[Khushal Khan Gunsamundra]] (title of Gunsamundra conferred by Shahjahan, chief musician at the court of Mughal Emperor [[Shahjahan]] and Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]]).
* [[Bisram Khan]] (son of Lal Khan [[Gunsamundra]], One of the Chief musicians at the court of Mughal Emperor [[Shahjahan]] and Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]]).
* [[Bhupat Khan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195650983.001.0001/acref-9780195650983-e-0857|title=Bhupat Khan - Oxford Reference|work=oxfordreference.com|isbn=9780195650983}}</ref>
* [[Sadarang]] (chief musician of Mughal Emperor [[Muhammad Shah]])
* [[Adarang]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gktoday.in/answer/who-were-sadarang-and-adarang/|title=Who were Sadarang and Adarang?|work=gktoday.in}}</ref>
* Sidhar Khan<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swarganga.org/artist_details.php?id=599|title=Artist - Siddhar Khan (Tabla), Gharana - Delhi|work=swarganga.org}}</ref>
* [[Omrao Khan]] Beenkar<ref name="Miner2004">{{cite book|author=Allyn Miner|title=Sitar and Sarod in the 18th and 19th Centuries|url=https://archive.org/details/sitarsarodin18th00mine|url-access=registration|quote=umrao khan tansen.|date=April 2004|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-1493-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/sitarsarodin18th00mine/page/97 97]}}</ref>
* [[Ameer Khan Khandara|Ameer Khan]]
* [[Wazir Khan (Rampur)|Wazir Khan]] (master of [[Hamid Ali Khan of Rampur]], [[Allauddin Khan]], [[Hafiz Ali Khan]], [[Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande]])
* [[Dabir Khan]]

==See also==
*[[Hindustani classical music]]
*[[Sadarang]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Naubat}}
[[Category:Indian male classical musicians]]
[[Category:Mughal nobility]]
[[Category:Akbar]]
[[Category:Indian Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

Naubat Khan - Revision history

imported>Wazir Khan Khandara: /* Marriage with Saraswati */