Animesh: Adding A Details W/ Refs

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Adding A Details W/ Refs

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{{Short description|Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name = Nattakurinji
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela = 28th Mela Harikambhoji
| chakra =Bana
| type = Vakra
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|M1|N2|D2|N2|P|D2|N2|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|M1|G3|M1|P|G3|R2|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent =
| similar = Ravi Chandrika of Carnatic
}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Nattakurinji''' is a [[raga]] (musical scale) in [[Carnatic music]]. It is a ''audava [[janya]]'' raga of the 28th [[Melakarta]] raga [[Harikambhoji]]. This raga is considered auspicious to sing in the evenings.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> Though rarely used in Hindustani music, it is very popular in Carnatic music.<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiamusicinfo.com/raga_today/nattakurinji.html |title=Raga Today - Nattakurinji |access-date=2 January 2013 |archive-date=24 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424172636/http://www.indiamusicinfo.com/raga_today/nattakurinji.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The raaga '''Kurinji''' belongs to the Melakarta family [[Sankarabharanam (raga)|Shankarabharanam]] but is relatively rare.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.atyutka.com/kurinji-raga/ | title=Kurinji Raga - Atyutka Kurinji | date=27 March 2021 }}</ref>

== Structure and Lakshana ==
''Nattakurinji'' is an asymmetric rāgam. It is described as having three types of ascending ([[arohana]]) and descending scales ([[avarohana]]).<ref name="raganidhi" /> In practice, all 3 types of ''arohana'' and ''avarohana'', as well as other usages (''prayogas''), are found. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (one ascending and descending scale) is as follows:<ref name="ragas" />

*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|M1|N2|D2|N2|P|D2|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|M1|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}

The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, chathusruthi rishabham, antara gandhara, chathusruthi dhaivatham'' and ''kaisiki nishadham'' in the ascending scale, with ''rishabham'' excluded in the descending scale. For details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]]. It is also classified as a "rakti" raga (a raga of high melodic content).

==Popular compositions==
Many compositions are set to ''Nattakurinji'' [[Raga]]. Some popular compositions include:

Varnams:

*''Chalamela Jesevayya'', a Pada[[varnam]] composed by Mulaivittu Rangasami Nattuvanar
*''Swami Naan Undhan Adimai'', a Pada[[varnam]] by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
*''Samini Vegame Rammanave'', an ''Ata'' [[Tala (music)|tala]] [[Varnam]] by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]]
*''Sarasakshi'', a ''Misra Chapu'' [[Tala (music)|tala]] [[Varnam]] by Ponniah Pillai of the [[Tanjore Quartet]]

Krithis:

*''Alli Nodalu Rama'', ''Manava Nillisuvudu'' and ''Prananatha Paliso Nee Enna'' by [[Purandara Dasa]]
*''Manasu Vishaya'' and ''Kuvalaya Dalanayana'' composed by [[Tyagaraja]]
*''Gajadhishadanyam'', ''Budhamashrayami'', ''Balambikayai Namaste'', ''Shivakami Pathim'' and ''Parvati Kumaram'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
*''Ketum Bhajamyaham'' by Chidambaram Swarnavenkatesha Dikshitar
*''Mayamma Nannu Brovavamma'' by [[Shyama Shastri]] (disputed)
*''Pahi Janani Santatam (Navarathri 8th day krithi)'', ''Jagadeesha Sada Mamava'', ''Mamava Sada Varade'' by [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma]]
*''Pal Vadiyum Mugam'', ''Vanamali Swagatham'' and ''Koduthu Vaitha Punniyavan'' by [[Oothukkadu Venkatasubramanya Iyer]]
*''Ekkalathilum'' by Ramaswamy Shivan
*''Vinayaka Thunai'' by [[Neelakanta Sivan]]
*''Parakela Saraswathi'' by Thirupathi Narayanaswamy
*''Edaunnado'', ''Sriman Narayanathe'' and ''Vande Shantham Hanumantham'' by [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu]]
*''Vazhi Maraithirukudhe'' by [[Gopalakrishna Bharati]] (originally in [[Hanumatodi]])
*''Needu Murthini'' by Pallavi Gopala Iyer
*''Muruga Muruga'' by [[Subramania Bharati]]
*''Kolam Kaana Vaarir'' by [[Ambujam Krishna]]
*''Kandan Seyalanro'' by Dr. [[Lalgudi Jayaraman]]
*''En Intha Thaamadham'' by [[Neelakanta Sivan]]
*''Nakabhaya Varamosagi'' by [[G. N. Balasubramaniam]]
*''Na Cheyi Vidavakura'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]

Javalis and Padams:

*''Tharu Maru Ladeveme ([[Javali]]) and Chalamelara ([[Javali]])'' by [[Pattabhiramayya]]
*''Sukhamo Devi (Padam)'' from the ''Lavanasuravadham (Killing of Lavanasura)'' by Amritha Shastrigal

==Film songs==
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Language
!Film
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Kavalaiyai Theerpathu Naattiya Kalaiye
|rowspan=7|Tamil
|[[Sivakavi]]
|[[Papanasam Sivan]]
|[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
|-
|Anbe Amudhey
|[[Uthama Puthiran (1958 film)|Uthama Puthiran]]
|[[G. Ramanathan]]
|rowspan=2|[[T. M. Soundararajan]],[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Kaniya Kaniya Mazhalai Pesum
|[[Mannathi Mannan]]
|[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|-
|Maaman Kurai
|[[Kaalapani|Siraichalai]]
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[K. S. Chithra]],[[Gangai Amaran]]
|-
|Kannamoochi yenada
(Sahana touches also)
|[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[K. S. Chithra]],[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Poongatru Veesum
|[[Mr. Madras]]
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Theme
|[[Thavamai Thavamirundhu]]
|[[Sabesh–Murali]]
|[[Sharreth]],[[Madhu Balakrishnan]],[[Sudha Ragunathan]]
|-
|Udayam Vaalkkannezhuthi
|rowspan=3|Malayalam
|[[Njangal Santhushtaranu]]
|
|
|-
|Thiranurayum
|[[Anandabhadram]]
|
|
|-
|Vaikasi thingalo
|
|
|
|}
The song ''Kannamoochi yenada'' in the movie ''[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]'' is not entirely composed in this ragam; only the initial portion of the song is composed in ''Nattakurinj'', while the latter half is composed in ''[[Sahana (raga)|Sahana]]''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Lesser Known Gruhabhedams - Season 1 #2: Kannamoochi Enada {{!}} Nattakurinji {{!}} Raganalysis|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-e0Zi2ib7OY|language=en|access-date=2021-06-18}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{Portal|India|Music}}{{reflist}}

{{Melakarta ragas}}
{{Janya}}

[[Category:Janya ragas]]

Nattakurinji - Revision history

Animesh: Adding A Details W/ Refs