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{{short description|Overview of the national symbols of Bangladesh}}
[[File:Flag-map of Bangladesh2.svg|thumb|265px|[[Bangladesh]] and [[Flag of Bangladesh|its flag.]] (Otherwise known as a Bangladesh flag map)]]
[[File:Symbols.gif|thumb|265px]]
{{Culture of Bangladesh}}
{{Contains special characters|Bengali}}
{{Bengalis}}
The '''national symbols of Bangladesh''' consist of [[national symbols|symbols]] to represent [[Bangladesh]]i traditions and ideals that reflect the different aspects of the cultural life and history. Bangladesh has several official national symbols including a historic document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, memorial towers as well as several national heroes. There are also several other symbols including the national animal, bird, flower and tree.

==Flag==
{{main|Flag of Bangladesh}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Flag || Description
|-
| [[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|200px]]
|
The national [[Flag of Bangladesh]] ({{lang|bn|বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় পতাকা}}), known as Red-Green, was adopted officially on 17 January 1972. It consists of a red disc on top of a green field, offset slightly toward the hoist so that it appears centred when the flag is flying. The red disc represents the sun rising over [[Bengal]], and also the blood of those who died for the independence of Bangladesh. The green field stands for the lushness of the land of Bangladesh.<ref name=CIAfactbook-1>{{cite web|title=Flag description|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2081.html|work=The world fact book|publisher=CIA USA|access-date=2013-09-11|archive-date=2017-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701210145/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2081.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The flag is based on a similar flag used during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, which had a yellow map of the country inside the red disc. In 1972 this map was deleted from the flag. One reason given was the difficulty for rendering the map correctly on both sides of the flag.
The [[civil ensign]] and [[naval ensign]] place the national flag in the [[Flag terminology|canton]] of a red or white field, respectively.
|}

==Emblem==
{{main|National Emblem of Bangladesh}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Image || Description
|-
| [[File:National emblem of Bangladesh.svg|200px]]
| The national emblem of Bangladesh ({{lang|bn|বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় প্রতীক}}) was adopted shortly after independence in 1971. Located on the emblem is a [[Nymphaea nouchali|water lily]], that is bordered on two sides by [[rice]] sheaves. Above the water lilly are four [[star]]s and a three connected jute leaves. The water lily is the country's national flower, and is representative of the many [[river]]s that run through Bangladesh. Rice represents its presence as the staple food of Bangladesh, and for the agriculture of that nation. The four stars represent the four founding principles in the current constitution of Bangladesh of 1972: nationalism, secularism, socialism, and democracy.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Cytological studies of ''Nymphaea'' species available in Bangladesh|author1=A Hossain|author2=G Kabir|author3=M M Ud-deen|author4=A M S Alam|name-list-style=amp|journal=Journal of Bio-Science|volume=15|pages=7–13|year=2007|doi=10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2197|url=http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBS/article/view/2197|access-date=2013-12-11|archive-date=2019-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403190508/https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBS/article/view/2197|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/scweb/constitution/pdf/04_part1-4.pdf |title=Constitution |access-date=2013-06-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922151255/http://supremecourt.gov.bd/scweb/constitution/pdf/04_part1-4.pdf |archive-date=2013-09-22 }}</ref>
|}

==Government seal==
{{main|Government Seal of Bangladesh}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Image || Description
|-
| [[File:Government Seal of Bangladesh.svg|200px]]
| The '''Government Seal of Bangladesh''' ({{lang|bn|বাংলাদেশ সরকার সীলমোহর}}) used by the [[Ministries of Bangladesh]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bangladesh.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_weblinks&task=ministry&Itemid=152 |title=বাংলাদেশ (Bangladesh) জাতীয় তথ্য বাতায়ন | গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার | People's Republic of Bangladesh |website=www.bangladesh.gov.bd |access-date=2013-12-14 |archive-date=2018-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914174902/http://www.bangladesh.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_weblinks&task=ministry&Itemid=152 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Government of Bangladesh]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.virtualbangladesh.com/state.html |title=The State |website=Virtual Bangladesh |access-date=2013-05-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324101441/http://www.virtualbangladesh.com/state.html |archive-date=2013-03-24 }}</ref> on official documents. One version is used on the cover page of [[Bangladesh passport]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dip.gov.bd/ |title=ইমিগ্রেশন ও পাসপোর্ট অধিদপ্তর|website=www.dip.gov.bd|access-date=2021-10-08 |archive-date=2019-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231213704/http://www.dip.gov.bd/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
The seal features the same design elements as the first [[Flag of Bangladesh]] in a circular setting. The outer white ring is shown with the caption of the official name of the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh in [[Bengali language|Bengali]]: {{lang|bn|গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার}} with 4 red 5-pointed stars. In centre the country map on a red disc.
|}

==Musical nationalism==
===National anthem===
{{main|Amar Sonar Bangla}}

'''''Amar Sonar Bangla''''' ({{lang|bn|আমার সোনার বাংলা}}, "To Love, To Sound, Bengal ") is song written and composed by the [[Bengali people|Bengali]] poet [[Rabindranath Tagore]], the first ten lines of which were adopted in 1972 as the [[national anthem]] of [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nationalanthems.me/bangladesh-amar-shonar-bangla | title=Bangladesh: Amar Sonar Bangla | publisher=NationalAnthems.me | access-date=2011-08-09 | archive-date=2021-04-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411044806/http://nationalanthems.me/bangladesh-amar-shonar-bangla/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
The song was written in 1905 during the period of {{lang|bn|বঙ্গভঙ্গ}} ''Bônggôbhônggô'' ([[Partition of Bengal (1905)]]) – when the ruling British empire had the province of [[Bengal]] split into two parts. This song, along with a host of others, was written by Tagore, a pioneer of the cultural and political movement against this partition. These songs were meant to rekindle the unified spirit of Bengal, to raise public consciousness against the communal political divide. The lyrics first appeared in the September issues of "[[Bongodorshon]]" and "Baul" simultaneously, in 1905. It is said that the music of this song was inspired by the [[Baul]] singer [[Gagan Harkara]]'s song {{lang|bn|আমি কোথায় পাবো তারে}} "''[[Ami Kothay Pabo Tare]]''".<ref>Folk singer, [http://www.swapanbasu.com/ Swapan Basu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105172754/http://swapanbasu.com/ |date=2014-01-05 }}, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DnZvc73nQCk demonstrates] the similarity in a live recitation (0:43/8:46 to 1:21/8:46)</ref> The instrumental orchestra rendition was composed by [[Samar Das]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Komol |first=Khalid Hasan |year=2012 |chapter=Das, Samar |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Das,_Samar |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=2016-01-29 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205944/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Das,_Samar |url-status=live }}</ref> The English translation was done by [[Syed Ali Ahsan]].

===National march===
{{main|Notuner Gaan}}

'''Notuner Gaan''' ({{lang-bn|নতুনের গান}}, Natunēra gāna) is the national march ({{lang-bn|রণ-সঙ্গীত}}) of Bangladesh.<ref name="pmo">{{cite web | url=http://www.pmo.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=813&Itemid=353 | title=India-Bangladesh Joint Celebration, 113th birth anniversary of Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam and 90th year of his poem 'Rebel' | publisher=Prime Minister's Office, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh | access-date=2013-09-23 | archive-date=2018-12-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226133725/https://pmo.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=813&Itemid=353 | url-status=live }}</ref> This song is written by [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]], the national [[poet]] of Bangladesh (also known as 'rebel poet'), in 1929. This song belongs to his famous book titled as ''The Evening'' (Sôndhya: {{lang|bn|সন্ধ্যা}}). [[Kazi Nazrul Islam|Nazrul]] is the musician of the song too. On 13 January 1972, the ministry of Bangladesh has adopted this song as a ''national marching song'' on its first meeting after the country's independence.<ref name="pmo" /> At any military ceremony or function, first 21 lines of the [[song]] is being played. It is also known as the national military song of Bangladesh.<ref name="thedailystar">{{cite web | url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=38139 | title=The rebel poet | publisher=The Daily Star | access-date=2013-09-23 | archive-date=2013-09-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927052014/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=38139 | url-status=live }}</ref>

===Honours song===
{{main|Ekusher Gaan}}

'''Ekusher Gaan''' ({{lang-bn|একুশের গান}} "The Song of Twentyfirst"), more popularly known (after its first line) as ''Amar Bhaier Rokte Rangano'' ({{lang-bn|আমার ভাইয়ের রক্তে রাঙানো}} "My Brothers' Blood Spattered") is a Bengali song written by [[Abdul Gaffar Choudhury]] to mark the [[Bengali Language Movement]] in 1952 [[East Pakistan]]. It was first published anonymously in the last page of a newspaper with the headline ''Ekusher Gaan'', but was later published in ''Ekushey''{{'}}s February edition. The song is often recognized as the most influential song of the language movement, reminding numerous Bangladeshis about the conflicts of 1952. Every [[International Mother Language Day|21 February]] sees people from all parts of the Bangladesh heading to the [[Shaheed Minar, Dhaka|Shaheed Minar]] in the ''probhat feri'', a barefoot march to the monument, paying homage to those killed in the language movement demonstrations by singing this song. It is regarded by the listeners of [[BBC]] Bengali Service as the third best song in Bengali.

==Flora and fauna==
{|

|[[File:Nymphaea nouchali (9152266462).jpg|200px]]
| The water lily (''[[Nymphaea nouchali]]'') is the [[national flower]] of Bangladesh. ''Nymphaea nouchali'' is considered a medicinal plant in Indian [[Ayurvedic]] medicine under the name ''ambal''; it was mainly used to treat indigestion.<ref>P. V. Sharma, ''Puṣpāyurvedaḥ''
– Pradhāna vitaraka Caukhambhā Bhāratī Akādamī, 1998</ref> Recent experiments have confirmed that it has medicinal qualities as an [[antihepatotoxic]] and [[antidiabetic]].<ref>{{cite journal|author1=MR Bhandarkar |author2=A Khan |title=Antihepatotoxic effect of ''Nymphaea stellata'' Willd., against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in albino rats|journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology|year=2004|volume=91|issue=1|pages=61–64|doi=10.1016/j.jep.2003.11.020|pmid=15036469}}</ref><ref>K Rajagopal, K Sasikala -''Antidiabetic activity of hydro-ethanolic extracts of Nymphaea Stellata flowers''- African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2008</ref> Like all waterlilies or lotuses, its [[tuber]]s and [[rhizome]]s can be used as food items; they are eaten usually boiled or roasted. In the case of ''N. nouchali'', its tender leaves and flower peduncles are also valued as food.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/pss/4115519|title=Waterlilies as Food on JSTOR|access-date=2017-09-05|archive-date=2021-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008095159/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4115519|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|
| The [[jackfruit]] (''[[Artocarpus heterophyllus]]'') is the [[national fruit]] of Bangladesh. It is native to parts of [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]] and widely cultivated in tropical regions of Bangladesh. The jackfruit tree is well suited to tropical [[lowland]]s, and its fruit is the largest tree-borne fruit,<ref name=kaetf>{{cite web |url=http://knowandenjoytropicalfruit.com/chapters/jackfruit-and-breadfruit-relatives/ |title=Jackfruit, Breadfruit & Relatives |publisher=Know & Enjoy Tropical Fruit |year=2012 |access-date=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2013-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322015135/http://knowandenjoytropicalfruit.com/chapters/jackfruit-and-breadfruit-relatives/ |url-status=live }}</ref> reaching as much as {{convert|80|lb}} in weight, {{convert|36|in|cm|-1}} in length, and {{convert|20|in|cm|-1}} in diameter.<ref name=crfg>{{cite web |url=http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/jackfruit.html |title=JACKFRUIT Fruit Facts |publisher=California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. |year=1996 |access-date=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2014-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116030454/http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/jackfruit.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Mangifera indica old.JPG|200px]]
| The [[mango]] (''[[Mangifera indica]]'') is the [[national tree]] of Bangladesh. The mango is [[Indigenous (ecology)|native]] to South Asia, from where it has been distributed worldwide to become one of the most cultivated [[fruit]]s in the [[tropics]]. Its fruit and leaves are ritually used as floral decorations at [[wedding]]s, public celebrations and religious ceremonies.<ref name="bdnews24.com">{{cite web |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2010/11/15/mango-tree-national-tree |title=Mango tree, national tree |date=15 November 2010 |access-date=2013-11-16 |archive-date=2013-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203030611/http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2010/11/15/mango-tree-national-tree |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Panthera tigris tigris.jpg|200px]]
| The [[Royal Bengal Tiger]] (''[[Panthera tigris tigris]]'') is the [[national animal]] of Bangladesh. Its populations have been estimated at 440 in Bangladesh.<ref name="Khan" /><ref>Ministry of Environment and Forests. (2004). ''Report on Sundarbans Tiger Census''. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Bangladesh.</ref> Tigers in Bangladesh are now relegated to the forests of the [[Sundarbans]] and the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]].<ref name="Khan">Khan, M. M. H. (2004). [http://www.carnivoreconservation.org/files/thesis/khan_2004_phd.pdf ''Ecology and conservation of the Bengal tiger in the Sundarbans Mangrove forest of Bangladesh''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026122726/http://www.carnivoreconservation.org/files/thesis/khan_2004_phd.pdf |date=2019-10-26 }}. PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.</ref> The tiger replaces the lion as king of the beasts in cultures of eastern Asia representing royalty, fearlessness and wrath.<ref name = "Cooper92">{{cite book |last=Cooper |first=J. C. |title=Symbolic and Mythological Animals |pages=226–27 |year=1992 |publisher= Aquarian Press |location=London |isbn=1-85538-118-4}}</ref> Members of the [[East Bengal Regiment]] of the [[Bangladesh Army]] are nicknameed 'Bengal Tigers'; the regiment's logo is a tiger face and the [[Bangladesh Cricket Board]]'s logo features a royal Bengal tiger.
|-
| [[File:Ilish.JPG|200px]]
| The [[ilish]] ({{lang-bn|ইলিশ}}) or hilsha, also spelled '''elish''' (''[[Tenualosa ilisha]]''), is national fish of Bangladesh. As it is [[anadromous]] in nature (an uncommon phenomenon in [[tropical]] waters), the ilish lives in the sea for most of its life, but migrates up to 1,200 km inland through rivers in the [[Indian sub-continent]] for spawning. Distances of 50–100 km are usually normal in the Bangladeshi rivers. The ilish is a popular fish to eat among the people of South Asia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.dhakatribune.com/business/2016/jul/17/govt-likely-review-ban-hilsa-export|title=Govt likely to review ban on hilsa export {{!}} Dhaka Tribune|website=archive.dhakatribune.com|access-date=2016-08-03|archive-date=2016-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822232333/http://archive.dhakatribune.com/business/2016/jul/17/govt-likely-review-ban-hilsa-export|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/812091/india-bangladesh-relations-are-so-good-that-dhaka-might-even-lift-its-hilsa-export-ban|title=India-Bangladesh relations are so good that Dhaka might even lift its hilsa export ban|last=Daniyal|first=Shoaib|access-date=2016-08-03|archive-date=2016-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726174653/http://scroll.in/article/812091/india-bangladesh-relations-are-so-good-that-dhaka-might-even-lift-its-hilsa-export-ban|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Copsychus saularis - Ang Khang female.jpg|200px]]
| The magpie robin (''[[Copsychus saularis]]'') is the [[national bird]] of Bangladesh, where it is common and known as the ''doyel'' or ''doel'' ({{lang-bn|দোয়েল}}). They are common birds in urban gardens as well as forests. They are particularly well known for their songs and were once popular as cagebirds. It is a widely used symbol in Bangladesh, appearing on currency notes, and a landmark in the city of [[Dhaka]] is named as the ''Doyel Chatwar'' (meaning: Doyel Square).
|}

== National monuments and memorials ==

===Shaheed Minar===
{{main|Shaheed Minar, Dhaka}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
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!Image || Description
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| [[File:Shaheed Minar.JPG|200px]]
| The '''Shaheed Minar''' ({{lang|bn|শহীদ মিনার}} ''Shôhid Minar'' lit. "Martyr Monument") is a national monument in [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh, established to commemorate those killed during the [[Bengali Language Movement]] demonstrations of 1952.
The enormous design includes half-circular columns to symbolize the mother, with her fallen sons, standing on the monument's central dais, and the red sun shining behind. The Central Shaheed Minar of Dhaka goes up to a height of {{convert|14|m|ft|0}} and was made with marble stones. The stairs and barrier are highlighted in white, to create a divine look. The fence on both sides is painted with lines from poems of legendary poets in iron letters. As the visitors enter the monument they will find two statues of the patriots who sacrificed their lives in that heinous police firing of 1952. The marble floor was designed to reveal the moving shadows of the columns. The basement of the Shaheed Minar also included a 1,500-square-foot (140 m2) mural representing the history of the Language Movement.<ref>{{cite book |last=Islam |first=Rafiqul |date=2000 |title=Amar Ekushey O Shaheed Minar |location=Dhaka |publisher=Poroma |language=bn |pages=58 |isbn=984-8245-39-1}}</ref>

The Language Movement was one of the formidable movements which has come up in the country of Bangladesh, thus the Central Shaheed Minar epitomizes efforts to represent the spirit of [[Bengali nationalism]] and also highlight the importance of the Bengali language in the social and cultural progress of the country. As a result, the Shaheed Minar has a very significant place in the social and cultural mechanism of Bangladesh. At present, all national, mourning, cultural and other activities held each year, regarding 21 February, have been centered around the Shaheed Minar.
|}

===National Martyrs’ Memorial===
{{main|National Martyrs’ Memorial}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Image || Description
|-
| [[File:Sritisoudho.jpg|200px]]
| The '''National Martyrs’ Memorial''' ({{lang|bn|জাতীয় স্মৃতিসৌধ}} ''Jatiyô Smrriti Soudhô'') is the national monument of Bangladesh is the symbol in the memory of the valour and the sacrifice of all those who gave their lives in the [[Bangladesh War of Independence]] in 1971, which brought independence and separated Bangladesh from [[Pakistan]]. The monument is located in [[Savar]], about 35 km north-west of the capital, [[Dhaka]].<ref name="bpedia">{{cite book |last1=Amin |first1=Md Shahidul |last2=Islam |first2=M Zakiul |year=2012 |chapter=National Martyrs' Memorial |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=National_Martyrs%E2%80%99_Memorial |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=2016-01-29 |archive-date=2018-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921190926/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=National_Martyrs%E2%80%99_Memorial |url-status=live }}</ref> It was designed by [[Syed Mainul Hossain]].

The monument is composed of 7 isosceles triangular pyramid shaped structures, with the middle one being the tallest. The highest point of the monument is 150 feet. There is an artificial lake, and several mass graves in front of the main monument. There is a Green house, PWD site office, VVIP and VIP waiting room inside the area.
|}

===Martyred Intellectuals Memorial===
{{main|Martyred Intellectuals Memorial}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
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!Image || Description
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| [[File:Martyr's intellectual monument at Rayerbazar.jpg|200px]]
| The '''Martyred Intellectuals Memorial''' ({{lang|bn|বুদ্ধিজীবী স্মৃতিসৌধ}}) is a memorial built in memory of the [[martyred intellectual]]s of [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]. The memorial, located at Rayerbazar, [[Mohammadpur Thana]] in Dhaka,<ref name="mdpurthana">{{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Syed Shabbir |year=2012 |chapter=Mohammadpur Thana (Dhaka Metropolitan) |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mohammadpur_Thana_%28Dhaka_Metropolitan%29 |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=2016-01-29 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211058/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mohammadpur_Thana_(Dhaka_Metropolitan) |url-status=live }}</ref> was designed by architect Farid U Ahmed and Jami Al Shafi.<ref name="Farid U Ahmed and Jami Al Shafi">{{cite book |last=Amin |first=Md. Shahidul |year=2012 |chapter=Badhya Bhumi Smriti Soudha |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Badhya_Bhumi_Smriti_Soudha |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=2016-01-29 |archive-date=2016-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203085713/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Badhya_Bhumi_Smriti_Soudha |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2003/12/02/coverstory.htm|title=Star Magazine|website=www.thedailystar.net|access-date=2021-10-08|archive-date=2018-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409173025/https://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2003/12/02/coverstory.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="seven icon">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mediabangladesh.net/articles.details.php?recordID=10 |title=Seven Icons of History at Dhaka |access-date=2013-12-13 |archive-date=2013-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216174209/http://www.mediabangladesh.net/articles.details.php?recordID=10 |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the entire duration of Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, a large number of teachers, doctors, engineers, poets and writers were systematically massacred by [[Pakistan Army]] and their local collaborators, most notably the alleged [[Islamism|Islamist]] militia groups [[Al-Badr (East Pakistan)|Al-Badr]] and [[Al-Shams (Bangladesh)|Al-Shams]]. The largest number of assassinations took place on 14 December 1971, only two days before the surrender of Pakistan army to the joint force of [[Indian army]] and [[Mukti bahini]]. The initial proposal for a memorial at Rayer Bazar was brought forward by Projonmo 71 (organisation of the children of the martyrs of liberation war), who also laid a temporary foundation stone in 1991.
|}

===Independence Monument===
{{main|Swadhinata Stambha}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Image || Description
|-
| [[File:Swadhinata Stambha in 2014.jpg|200px]]
| '''Swadhinata Stambha''' ({{lang-bn|স্বাধীনতা স্তম্ভ}}) or Independence Monument is a [[national monument]] in Bangladesh to commemorate the historical events that took place in the [[Suhrawardy Udyan]], previously known as Ramna Race Course ground regarding the [[Liberation War of Bangladesh]].<ref name="dhaka1">{{cite news|url=http://www.dhaka.gov.bd/node/1187649|script-title=bn:সোহরাওয়ার্দী উদ্যান|publisher=Dhaka District|date=2014-07-18|access-date=2015-02-01|archive-date=2015-02-01|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201124231/http://www.dhaka.gov.bd/node/1187649|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Government of Bangladesh]] took the initiative to build the monument in 1996. The construction began in 1999. [[Kashef Mahboob Chowdhury]] and Marina Tabassum designed the project.

Many significant incidents took place in this place. On 7 March 1971, Bangabandhu [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] delivered his [[7th March Speech of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|historical speech]] in this ground after [[Yahya Khan]] postponed the national assembly on 1 March of the year. In his speech Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman asked the people of Bangladesh to prepare themselves for Liberation War of Bangladesh. The main attraction of the project is a 50-meter high tower composed of stacked [[glass panels]], which stands at the place where the [[Pakistani Instrument of Surrender]] was signed at the end of the Bengali War of Independence.<ref name=Banglapedia>{{citation |author=Syed Sadiqur Rahman |chapter=Ramna Racecourse |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ramna_Racecourse |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |editor=Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2012 |edition=Second |access-date=2017-03-03 |archive-date=2016-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205011959/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ramna_Racecourse |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==Other national and official symbols==

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Title || Symbol and notes
|-
|Official name|| {{lang|bn|গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ}} {{lang|bn-Latn|Gônôprôjatôntri Bangladesh}} People's Republic of Bangladesh
|-
| [[State religion]]|| The state religion is [[Islam]] (90% of the population are muslim majority),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bangladeshi Culture – Religion|url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/bangladeshi-culture/bangladeshi-culture-religion|access-date=2021-10-06|website=Cultural Atlas|language=en|archive-date=2021-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006155045/https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/bangladeshi-culture/bangladeshi-culture-religion|url-status=live}}</ref> but with the equal status and equal right in the practice of the Hindu, Buddhist, Christian and other religions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/sections_detail.php?id=367&sections_id=24549 |title=Constitution of Bangladesh |publisher=Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Government of Bangladesh |access-date=2013-11-11 |archive-date=2019-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107223219/http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/sections_detail.php?id=367&sections_id=24549%20 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Father of the nation]] || {{lang|bn|শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান (বঙ্গবন্ধু)}} [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|Shekh Mujibur Rôhman]] (''BônggôBôndhu'', "''Friend of Bengal''")
|-
| [[List of national poets|National poet]] || {{lang|bn|কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম}} [[Kazi Nazrul Islam|Kazi Nôzrul Islam]]
|-
| [[National language]] || {{lang|bn|বাংলা}} [[Bengali language|Bangla]]
|-
| [[National personification]] || {{lang|bn|বঙ্গমাতা}} [[Bangamata]]
|-
| National calendar || {{lang|bn|বঙ্গাব্দ}} [[Bengali calendar|Bônggabdô]]
|-
| [[National sport|National game]] || {{lang|bn|কাবাডি}} [[Kabaddi|Kabadi]] (Ha-Du-Du)
|-
| [[National park]] || {{lang|bn|ভাওয়াল জাতীয় উদ্যান}} [[Bhawal National Park]]
|-
| [[National mosque]] || {{lang|bn|[[:bn:বায়তুল মুকাররম|বায়তুল মুকাররম]]}} [[Baitul Mukarram|Baitul Mukarrôm]]
|-
|National temple || {{lang|bn|ঢাকেশ্বরী জাতীয় মন্দির}} [[Dhakeshwari Temple|Dhakeshôri Temple]]
|-
| Mountain || {{lang|bn|কিওক্রাডাং}} [[Keokradong]]
|-
| River || {{lang|bn|পদ্মা}} [[Padma]]
|-
|[[National museum]] || {{lang|bn|বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় যাদুঘর}} [[National Museum of Bangladesh]]
|-
|[[National library]] || {{lang|bn|বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় গ্রন্থাগার}} [[National Library of Bangladesh]]
|-
|[[slogan|National slogan]]
|জয় বাংলা
[[Joy Bangla]] (Hail Bengal)
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Bangladesh topics}}
{{Symbols of Bangladesh}}
{{Asia topic|National symbols of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:National Symbols Of Bangladesh}}
[[Category:National symbols of Bangladesh| ]]

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National symbols of Bangladesh - Revision history

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