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{{Short description|National Law University situated in Bengaluru}}

{{Location map+|India|places={{Location map~|India|label='''Bengaluru'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=top|lat=12.58|long=77.34}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Bhopal'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=top|lat=23.15|long=77.25}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Hyderabad'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=bottom|lat=17.39|long=78.49}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Kolkata'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=left|lat=22.56|long=88.36}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Jodhpur'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=left|lat=26.18|long=73.04}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Raipur'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right|lat=21.25|long=81.62}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Gandhinagar'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=bottom|lat=23.22|long=72.65}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Lucknow'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=top|lat=26.84|long=80.94}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Kochi'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=bottom|lat=9.93|long=76.26}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Patiala'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=left|lat=30.33|long=76.38}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Patna'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right|lat=25.61|long=85.14}}
{{location map~|India|label='''Delhi'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=bottom|lat=28.64|long=77.22}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Visakhapatnam'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right|lat=17.68|long=83.21}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Cuttack'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=bottom|lat=20.46|long=85.88}}
{{location map~|India|label='''Guwhati'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=top|lat=26.11|long=91.70}}
{{location map~|India|label='''Ranchi'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=top|lat=23.34|long=85.30}}
{{location map~|India|label='''Tiruchirappalli'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right|lat=10.79|long=78.70}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Mumbai'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=left|lat=18.58|long=72.49}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Nagpur'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=left|lat=21.14|long=79.08}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Shimla'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=top|lat=31.10|long=77.17}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Aurangabad'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right|lat=19.87|long=75.34}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Jabalpur'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=bottom|lat=23.16|long=79.93}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Sonipat'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=left|lat=28.99|long=77.01}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Agartala'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=bottom|lat=23.83|long=91.28}}
{{location map~|India|label='''Silvassa'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=left|lat=20.27|long=73.00}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Shillong'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right|lat=25.56|long=91.88}}|width=380|float=right|caption=Locations of National Law Universities}}

'''National Law Universities''' ('''NLU''') are [[law schools|public law school]]s in [[India]], founded pursuant to the second-generation reforms for [[legal education]] sought to be implemented by the [[Bar Council of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=India's Top National Law Universities (NLUs)|url=https://www.lawentrance.com/nlu/|access-date=2021-06-18|website=www.lawentrance.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What are NLUs (National Law Universities)? How are these Different from Other Law Schools|url=https://www.shiksha.com/law/articles/what-are-nlus-national-law-universities-how-are-these-different-from-other-law-schools-blogId-13314|access-date=2022-01-08|website=www.shiksha.com}}</ref> The first NLU was the [[National Law School of India University]] aka NLS/NLU Bangalore which admitted its first batch in 1988. Since then, most of the states in India have NLUs. Currently there are 26 NLUs across the country out of which 1 is an off-centre campus of NLU Gandhinagar which is named as (GNLU SILVASSA Campus) . Since the inception of NLUs, these law schools have continuously been ranked as India's most prestigious and premier law schools by various agencies and are also referred as [[IITs]] of Legal Education<ref>{{cite web |title=India's Best Law Colleges 2019 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/bestcolleges/2019/ranks/1807534 |website=India Today |access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2023 |title=NIRF Law school ranking |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/2023/LawRanking.html |website=National Institutional Ranking Framework |publisher=Ministry of Education, Government of India}}</ref>.The admissions to these universities is conducted through the [[Common Law Admission Test|Common Law Admission Test (CLAT)]] except in the case of [[National Law University, Delhi]], which admits students through its own entrance examination named as All India Law Entrance Test (AILET), it is anticipated that in the coming years AILET will be merged into CLAT. Admission to the NLUs is extremely competitive with an acceptance rate as low as 2% to 3% in case of CLAT & approx 0.50% via AILET. CLAT which is also known as the main gateway to NLUs has been ranked as one of the Top 5 toughest entrance examinations in India. NLUs have Chief Justice of India (CJI) & various Chief Justices of Respective High Courts as their Chancellors and visiting professors, many retired Judges & Bureaucrats are also here as permanent faculty and Vice-Chancellors which makes it's faculty better than any other law schools in India. This is the only main reason that most of the NLU alumnus are well placed in coorporate companies & law firms around the globe with lakhs and crores of hefty packages and they are also doing excellent as Litigants in various Courts in India and are also clearing Judicial Services and Civil Services examinations in bulk by each passing year.

[[File:National Law School of India University, Bangalore, India - 20130524-01.JPG|thumb|[[National Law School of India University|National Law School of India University, Bangalore, India]]]]
[[File:National Law University, Delhi 2.jpg|thumb|[[National Law University, Delhi]]]]
[[File:Nalsar gate entrance.jpg|thumb|[[NALSAR University of Law|NALSAR]], [[Hyderabad]]]]
[[File:West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata (front entrance, 2006).jpg|alt=Front entrance to the academic block of NUJS|thumb|[[West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences|West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata]]]]

== History ==
Traditionally [[Legal education#India|legal education in India]] was conducted through the medium of non-specialized universities of India which granted [[law degree]]s like any other [[graduate degree]]. These universities referred and taught the curriculum prescribed by the Bar Council of India, but since they were under the overall control and supervision of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]], therefore it was not possible for the Bar Council to effectively pursue reforms in legal education.

This system continued for more than two decades with the overall legal education supervision by the Bar Council, since its establishment in terms of the Advocates Act, 1961.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080819185257/http://barcouncilofindia.nic.in/disk1/196125.pdf Advocates Act, 1961]</ref> However, there were calls for reforms from all quarters of the country in general because of the falling standards of the [[Bar association|bar]] and there were mounting pressures over the Bar Council of India to change the way legal education was imparted in India.

The first concrete decision to this end was taken in 1984 when various proposals to modernize legal education were considered and approved by the Legal Education Committee of the Bar Council, in an attempt to improve legal education throughout India. One major proposal was the decision to establish specialized institutions to impart legal education in an integrated and diversified manner. The aim was to revitalize the legal profession by making law an attractive profession and making it competitive to attract talent, which was hitherto diverted to other professional areas such as [[medicine]] and [[engineering]].

== Structure ==
In contrast with the existing pattern of legal education in India, the proposed autonomous law schools varied in structural design and in various other respects. Some of these can be identified through the characteristics they carry:
* '''Autonomous status of the law schools''': This implied that the law schools carried either a 'deemed university' or a 'university' status, which empowered them to grant their own degree and which was recognized by other institutions in terms of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] regulations.
* '''Five year law programme''': Earlier law degrees were granted only to those candidates who had already completed their graduation and after three years of formal legal education. However, the admission to these autonomous law schools were only to those candidates who had completed [[Grade 12]].
* '''Integrated degrees''': In these autonomous law schools, students studied for a law degree in integration with another degree of their choice. This allowed prospective [[advocates]] to have understanding of areas other than law. It also compensated for the lack of three years of formal education of other subjects that candidates in traditional three year law degree programme carried. Initially the choice of second degree was confined to [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] (Bachelor of Arts). Later, other choices were also offered like [[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc.]] (Bachelor of Science), [[Business administration|B.B.A.]] (Bachelor of Business Administration) and [[Bachelor of Commerce|B.Com.]] (Bachelor of Commerce).
* '''Intensive legal education''': These law schools were given autonomy to devise the imparting of the curriculum in a manner which would best suit the candidate's ability to understand legal concepts and ability to appreciate various issues involved in legal setting and instill in them the merit and reasoning standards required for a high professional conducts. A standout feature of these institutions is that they are single subject universities where the main thrust of education is on law with other complementary social sciences.
* '''National status of law schools''': These Schools are recognized by the university grants commission as "state universities" and are affiliated to the Bar Council of India. Each of these law schools were to be established under a specific [[legislation]], to be passed by the State legislature of the [[States of India|State]] desirous of establishing a law school. In terms of these legislation, these law schools were required to establish and practice excellent and high standards, at par with other national level institutions imparting education in other wakes of social life. The conferment of national status also make admittance to these law schools at a prestigious choice and thus inviting meritorious students to get inclined to join legal profession.
* '''Involvement of legal luminaries''': To improve standards of legal education and ensure education imparted in these institutions met desired standards, the Bar Council of India involved various prestigious and talented individuals with these law schools. The most notable of these was the involvement of highly placed constitutional functionaries, such as the [[Chief Justice of India]] or the Chief Justice of various [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] as the "Visitors" and often "Chancellors" of these law schools, which implied a constant involvement and supervision of elite figures of legal profession in India with these law schools.
== List of National Law Universities [NLUs] ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!No.
![[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF Ranking]]
!Institute
!Abbreviation
!Established
!City
!State/UT
|-
|1
|1
|[[National Law School of India University]]
|NLSIU
|1986
|[[Bangalore|Bengaluru]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|-
|2
|18
|[[National Law Institute University, Bhopal|National Law Institute University]]
|NLIU
|1997
|[[Bhopal]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|3
|3
|[[NALSAR University of Law|National Academy of Legal Studies and Research]]
|NALSAR
|1998
|[[Hyderabad]]
|[[Telangana]]
|-
|4
|4
|[[West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences]]
|WBNUJS
|1999
|[[Kolkata]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|-
|5
| --
|[[National Law University, Jodhpur|National Law University Jodhpur]]
|NLUJ
|1999
|[[Jodhpur]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|-
|6
| --
|[[Hidayatullah National Law University]]
|HNLU
|2003
|[[Naya Raipur]]
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|-
|7
|7
|[[Gujarat National Law University]]
|GNLU
|2003
|[[Gandhinagar]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|-
|8
|21
|[[Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University]]
|RMLNLU
|2005
|[[Lucknow]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|-
|9
| --
|[[National University of Advanced Legal Studies]]
|NUALS
|2005
|[[Kochi]]
|[[Kerala]]
|-
|10
|20
|[[Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law]]
|RGNUL
|2006
|[[Patiala]]
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|-
|11
| --
|[[Chanakya National Law University]]
|CNLU
|2006
|[[Patna]]
|[[Bihar]]
|-
|12
|2
|[[National Law University, Delhi|National Law University Delhi]]
|NLUD
|2008
|[[New Delhi]]
|[[Delhi]]
|-
|13
| --
|[[Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University]]
|DSNLU
|2008
|[[Visakhapatnam]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|14
|30
|[[National Law University Odisha]]
|NLUO
|2009
|[[Cuttack]]
|[[Odisha]]
|-
|15
|28
|[[National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam|National Law University and Judicial Academy]]
|NLUJA
|2009
|[[Guwahati]]
|[[Assam]]
|-
|16
|24
|[[National University of Study and Research in Law]]
|NUSRL
|2010
|[[Ranchi]]
|[[Jharkhand]]
|-
|17
| --
|[[Tamil Nadu National Law University]]
|TNNLU
|2012
|[[Tiruchirappalli|Tiruchirapalli]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
|18
| --
|[[Maharashtra National Law University, Mumbai|Maharashtra National Law University Mumbai]]
|MNLUM
|2014
|[[Mumbai]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|-
|19
| --
|[[Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur|Maharashtra National Law University Nagpur]]
|MNLUN
|2016
|[[Nagpur]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|-
|20
| --
|[[Himachal Pradesh National Law University]]
|HPNLU
|2016
|[[Shimla]]
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|-
|21
| --
|[[Maharashtra National Law University, Aurangabad]]
|MNLUA
|2017
|[[Aurangabad]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|-
|22
| --
|[[Dharmashastra National Law University, Jabalpur|Dharmashastra National Law University]]
|DNLU
|2018
|[[Jabalpur]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|-
|23
| --
|[[Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Law University|Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Law University]]
|DBRANLU
|2012 {{efn|Academic sessions began only in 2019.}}
|[[Sonipat]]
|[[Haryana]]
|-
|24
| --
|[[National Law University Tripura]]
|NLUT
|2022
|[[Agartala]]
|[[Tripura]]
|-
|25
| --
|[[Gujarat National Law University, Silvassa Campus]]
|GNLUS
|2023
|[[Silvassa]]
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Daman and Diu]]
|--
|26
| --
|[[National Law University Meghalaya]]
|NLUM
|2023
|[[Shillong]]
|[[Meghalaya]]
|}
== See also ==
* [[Legal education in India]]
* [[Army Institute of Law]]
* [[List of law schools in India]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Autonomous law schools in India}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:National Law Universities| ]]
[[Category:Law schools in India|*]]
[[Category:Legal education in India]]

National Law Universities - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article