DebraToney89: reworked layout additionally and updated info

2025-07-09T03:32:06Z

reworked layout additionally and updated info

imported>Citation bot: Add: title. Changed bare reference to CS1/2. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Organizations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic | #UCB_Category 24/54

2021-08-06T17:28:08Z

Add: title. Changed bare reference to CS1/2. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Organizations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic | #UCB_Category 24/54

New page

{{about|the Indian institution|Pakistani institution|National Institute of Virology (Pakistan)}}
{{short description|Indian virology research institute}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox Institute
|name =National Institute of Virology
|image =National Institute of Virology Logo.png
|image_size =
|image_name =
|caption =
|established ={{Start date and age|1952}}
|chairman =
|head_label =
|head =
|faculty =
|staff =
|budget = {{INRConvert|950|c}} (2021-2022)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/diu/story/budget-2021-cuts-spending-in-health-research-but-extends-lion-s-share-to-icmr-1765269-2021-02-02|title=Budget 2021 cuts spending in health research, but extends lion's share to ICMR}}</ref>
|endowment =
|debt =
|location =[[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India
|address =
|website = http://www.niv.co.in/
}}

The '''National Institute of Virology''' in [[Pune]], India is an [[India]]n [[virology]] [[research institute]] and part of the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] (ICMR).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://icmr.nic.in/insprofile/Compilation-Inst-centre-units.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=1 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505165620/http://icmr.nic.in/insprofile/Compilation-Inst-centre-units.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was previously known as 'Virus Research Centre' and was founded in collaboration with the [[Rockefeller Foundation]]. It has been designated as a [[World Health Organization|WHO]] H5 reference laboratory for [[Southeast Asia|SE Asia]] region.<ref>[http://icmr.nic.in/pinstitute/niv.htm National Institute of Virology, Pune] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090702000339/http://icmr.nic.in/pinstitute/niv.htm |date=2 July 2009 }} [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] (ICMR).</ref>

The Virus Research Centre (VRC), [[Pune]] came into existence in 1952 under the joint auspices of the [[ICMR]] and the [[Rockefeller Foundation]], as a part of the global programme of investigations on the [[arthropod]]-borne group of [[viruses]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=2000-10-01|title=National Institute of Virology.|url=http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2000;volume=46;issue=4;spage=299;epage=302;aulast=;type=0|journal=Journal of Postgraduate Medicine|language=en|volume=46|issue=4|pages=299–302|issn=0022-3859|pmid=11435663}}</ref> In view of its expanded scope and activities, the VRC was re-designated as the National Institute of Virology (NIV) in 1978.<ref name=":0" />

The [[NIV]] is identified today as the [[WHO Collaborating Centres]] for [[arboviruses]] reference and [[hemorrhagic fever]] reference and research. NIV is also the National Monitoring Centre for [[Influenza]], [[Japanese encephalitis]], [[Rotavirus|Rota]], [[Measles]], [[Hepatitis]] and [[Coronavirus disease 2019|Coronavirus]].<ref name=":0" />

==History==
The National Institute of Virology is one of the major [[Institutes]] of the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] (ICMR).<ref name=":0" /> It was established at [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]] in 1952 as Virus Research Centre (VRC) under the auspices of the [[ICMR]] and the [[Rockefeller Foundation]] (RF), USA.<ref name=":0" /> It was an outcome of the global programme of the RF for investigating the Arthropod Borne viruses. Since the studies on arboviruses and their arthropod vectors involve most of the basic principles and techniques of general [[virology]], [[entomology]] and [[zoology]], these viruses were also considered to be an ideal group, to begin with, for intensive training and research in [[virology]]. The RF withdrew its support in 1967 and since then the institute has been funded by the [[ICMR]].<ref name=":0" />

The institute was designated as one of the collaborating laboratories of the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) in 1967 and it started functioning as the regional centre of the WHO for South-East Asia for arbovirus studies from 1969. Since 1974, it has been functioning as a WHO collaborating centre for [[arbovirus]] reference and research. In 1995 it has been redesignated as the WHO Collaborating Centre for [[Arbovirus]] and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research and Rapid Diagnosis of Viral Diseases.<ref name=":0" />

NIV is also the National Centre for [[Hepatitis]] and [[Influenza]]. The field unit of NIV at [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]] is one of the centres under [[National Polio Surveillance Programme]] conducting [[surveillance]] of acute flaccid [[paralysis]] cases from [[Karnataka]] as a part of Global Polio Eradication Programme of the WHO South-East Asia region since 1997. World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on [[Arboviruses]], [[Influenza]] and [[Measles]] as well as National Reference Centre for [[Hepatitis]], [[Avian Influenza]] and emerging [[infectious diseases]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bioline.org.br/request?jp00099|title=National Institute of Virology|date=|website=Bioline International|others=Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Vol. 46, No. 4, October–December, 2000, pp. 297-302|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-22}}</ref>

The institute conducts an M.Sc. in [[Virology]] and a [[PhD]] course, under the aegis of the [[Savitribai Phule Pune University]], Pune.

== Departments ==
Research areas include Cell repository, Electron microscopy, [[Rickettsioses]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Influenza]] and related viruses, Clinical virology, [[Biochemistry]], Virus registry, and [[Biostatistics]]. The research activities of the Institute are coordinated by a [[Scientific Advisory Committee]] (SAC).

* Animal House
* Avian Influenza Group
* [[Bioinformatics]] Division
* BSL-3 Facility ([[Polio]] Essential Facility)
* Central Library Facility
* [[Dengue]] & [[Chikungunya]] Group
* [[Diagnostics]] Group
* [[Electron Microscopy]] Group
* [[Entomology]] Division
* [[Hepatitis]] group
* [[Influenza]] group
* [[Japanese Encephalitis]] Group
* [[Outbreak]] Response Group
* [[Enteric Virus]] Group
*[[Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratories|VRDL]] Group
* M.Sc.(Virology)
* BSL4
* Administration
*[[Engineering]]

==Achievements==
{{More citations needed|date=March 2020}}
On the recommendation of the SAC, the VRC acquired its status of [[institute of national importance|national importance]] and was renamed as the National Institute of Virology (NIV) in 1978. Subsequently, studies on [[Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome]] (AIDS), [[Rotavirus]] [[gastroenteritis]], acute [[haemorrhagic]] [[conjunctivitis]], [[Rabies]], [[Herpes]] simplex, [[Buffalo pox]], [[Measles]], and [[Poliomyelitis]] were also initiated.

A Microbial Containment Complex (MCC) having P-3 [[biosafety]] levels for handling [[microorganisms]] of highly infectious nature is being established at Pashan, 11 [[kilometres|km]] off the main laboratory at [[Pune]]. The [[laboratory]] will provide a National [[Containment]] facility for the safe handling of [[hazardous]] [[pathogens]].

'''Landmark achievements'''

* Isolated the 11 strains of [[SARS-CoV-2]] [[virus]] and helped India becoming the fifth country in world to isolate the strain<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-india-becomes-5th-country-globally-to-isolate-virus-strain-11584102221498.html|title=India becomes fifth country to isolate Covid-19 virus strain|last=Sharma|first=Neetu Chandra|date=2020-03-13|website=Livemint|language=en|access-date=2020-03-13}}</ref>
* First laboratory in the country that developed comprehensive infrastructure facilities like [[tissue culture]], [[epidemiology]], biochemistry, [[immunology]], and medical [[zoology]] for research in [[arbovirology]]
* [[Discovery (observation)|Discovery]] of [[Kyasanur Forest disease|Kyasanur Forest Disease]] (KFD) a [[tick]] borne [[virus|viral]] disease, studying its natural cycle
*Finding of a new [[genotype]] of [[dengue]] [[virus]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/tech/news-analysis/scientists-at-national-institute-of-virology-discover-new-genotype-of-the-dengue-virus-4189781.html|title=Scientists at National Institute of Virology discover new genotype of the Dengue virus- Technology News, Firstpost|date=2017-11-02|website=Tech2|access-date=2020-03-22}}</ref>
* First institute to confirm the occurrence of many arboviral diseases in India viz. [[Japanese encephalitis]] (JE), [[Chikungunya]], [[West Nile virus|West Nile]] and [[Chandipura]] etc.
* [[Ecological studies]] to understand the natural cycle of [[zoonotic]] viruses like KFD, JE, and Chandipura (CHP) etc.
* Discovered 22 new viruses; a few have been characterized fully, while others are partially characterized or unrecognized. Recently, isolated and characterized a novelvirus “Malsoor”, from frugivorous bats, belonging to [[Phlebovirus|Phleobovirus]] family.
* Pioneering effort in outbreak and pandemic investigations and establishment of research group in [[Epidemiology]]. Over 250 epidemics investigated.
* Conducted numerous [[serological]] surveys to create background information on prevalence of [[viral diseases]] in [[India]].
* Invaluable collection of [[Serum (blood)|sera]] and [[virus]] strains: Approx. 260,000 [[serum (blood)|serum]] samples and >600 strains of [[viruses]] isolated from [[humans]], [[animals]] and [[arthropods]].
* Discovered new species of [[arthropods]]: One new species of [[mosquito]], 2 species of [[sand flies]], 14 species of [[sucking lice]], 2 species of [[fleas]], 3 species of [[Hemiptera|bugs]], 18 species of [[ticks]] and 63 species of [[trombiculid mites]].
* Discovered one new species each of [[rodent]] and [[bat]]; and a subspecies of [[bird]].
* Developed the first [[mosquito]] [[Cell (biology)|cell]] line in the world: popularly called ‘the Singh's cell line’, a [[clone (cell biology)|clone]] of which is now known as C6/36 (clone developed by A Igarashi), is used extensively for [[arboviral]] studies. Many new cell lines were also developed from [[fish]] and [[arthropods]] subsequently.
* Developed [[Monoclonal antibodies]] against JE, [[Dengue]], WN, [[Chikungunya]], [[Influenza]] and [[respiratory syncytial viruses]] (RSV).
* Developed indigenous [[ELISA]] for detection of JE, [[Dengue]], WN, CHP, [[Hepatitis]] A, B, E, [[Rotavirus|Rota]], [[Measles]] and Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) viruses
* First visualization of [[Hepatitis]] E virus particles, confirmation of the virus as the causative agent of water bore [[hepatitis]], characterization of [[Medicine|clinical]], [[epidemiological]] and [[immunological]] parameters for development of a candidate vaccine. (Technology ready for transfer to Industry).
* [[Epidemiology]] and characterization of [[Hepatitis]] viruses, development of vaccines and diagnostic reagents.
* [[Genotyping]] of important viruses like JE, WN, [[Dengue]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Measles]], RSV etc.
* Establishment of multisite [[Influenza]] surveillance network in 2004. Isolated numerous strains of [[influenza]] A and B viruses from humans and animals.
* Establishment of [[Avian Influenza]] Department for investigation of Avian Influenza in India (2006) and pandemic Influenza investigation and policy making in 2009.
* First detection of human [[meta-pneumovirus]] from acute [[pneumonia]] cases in India.
* Discovered [[Chandipura]] virus involvement in [[encephalitis]] outbreaks in children in India.
* Isolation of several strains of [[Rotavirus]]es. Established the utility of immune goat colostrum for prevention of [[diarrhea]].
* Vaccine trials for JE, KFD, [[measles]], [[hepatitis]] etc.
* Bangalore unit has been accredited as National Laboratory for Karnataka under National [[Polio]] Surveillance Program (NPSP) since 1997. In addition [[Gorakhpur]] and [[Kerala]] units have also been established.
* Recently, played an important role in providing [[diagnostic services]], [[training]] and support in developing a country-wide network for diagnostic facility and various national documents.
* Development of an [[inactivated vaccine|inactivated]] KFD vaccine for [[public health]] (Technology transferred to Karnataka state).
* Development of an [[inactivated vaccine|inactivated]] JE vaccine for [[public health]] (Technology transferred to Industry).
* Establishment of [[Biosafety]] Level-4 [[laboratory]] dedicated for [[virus research]]. This is the first high tech [[laboratory]] in [[Asia]].

'''Thrust Areas in viral diseases of public health importance'''

* Identification, characterization of [[etiological]] agent of outbreaks / epidemics
* Development of newer & rapid [[diagnostics]]
* Establishment of surveillance & monitoring systems
* [[Molecular epidemiology]] of viruses of [[public health]]
* Development of [[vaccines]] and [[immunotherapeutics]]
* Manpower development in [[Virology]]: M.Sc. [[Virology]], Short term training courses in Diagnostic virology, Animal [[tissue culture]], [[Interferon]] assays, Medical [[Entomology]] etc.

==See also==
* [[Indian Council of Medical Research]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.niv.co.in/}}
{{Navboxes|list=
{{COVID-19 pandemic}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic in India}}
{{Science in India}}
}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Research institutes in Pune]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1978]]
[[Category:Virology institutes]]
[[Category:Medical research institutes in India]]
[[Category:Indian Council of Medical Research]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Organizations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:World Health Organization collaborating centres]]
[[Category:Biosafety level 4 laboratories]]

National Institute of Virology - Revision history

DebraToney89: reworked layout additionally and updated info

imported>Citation bot: Add: title. Changed bare reference to CS1/2. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Organizations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic | #UCB_Category 24/54