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	== New numbering ==		== New numbering ==
	As of 2010 notification from [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]], NH 1D has been [[List of National Highways in India by highway number\|renumbered]] as [[National Highway 1 (India)\|National Highway 1]], along following route. <ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://morth.nic.in/writereaddata/linkimages/9-6774713323.pdf\|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways\|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]\|access-date=28 Apr 2018}}</ref>		As of 2010 notification from [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]], NH 1D has been [[List of National Highways in India by highway number\|renumbered]] as [[National Highway 1 (India)\|National Highway 1]], along following route.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://morth.nic.in/writereaddata/linkimages/9-6774713323.pdf\|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways\|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]\|access-date=28 Apr 2018}}</ref>

	Starting at [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir\|Uri]], [[Baramulla\|Baramula]], [[Srinagar]], [[Kargil]] and terminating at [[Leh]].		Starting at [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir\|Uri]], [[Baramulla\|Baramula]], [[Srinagar]], [[Kargil]] and terminating at [[Leh]].

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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{infobox road
|country=IND
|type=NH
|route=1D
|length_km= 422
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3
| id= Q13652093|title=National Highway 1D|text= Map of National Highway '''1D''' in red }}
| map_custom = yes
|image= Nh1d.PNG
|direction_a= West
|terminus_a= [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|destinations= [[Srinagar]] - [[Zoji La]] - [[Kargil town|Kargil]] - [[Leh]]
|direction_b= East
|terminus_b= [[Leh]], [[Ladakh]]
|junction=[[National Highway 1A (India)|NH 1A]] in Srinagar
|length_notes=
|states=[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]: {{convert|422|km|abbr=on}}
|previous_type=NH
|previous_route=1A
|next_type=NH
|next_route =21
}}

'''National Highway 1D''' ('''NH 1D'''), also known as Srinagar-Leh Highway, was a [[National Highway (India)|National Highway]] entirely within the union territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and Ladakh in [[North India]] that connected [[Srinagar]] to [[Leh]] in [[Ladakh]]. It was one of the only two roads that connected Ladakh with the rest of India, the other being [[Leh-Manali Highway]]. The Srinagar-Leh Highway was declared as National Highway in 2006.<ref name="Kargil">{{cite web
|url = http://kargil.nic.in/news/news.htm#Srinagar_Kargil-Leh_Road_Declares_as_National_Highway
|author = Government of Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council Kargil
|title = Monthly News Letter
|date = April 2006
|accessdate = 2009-06-30
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110717133935/http://kargil.nic.in/news/news.htm#Srinagar_Kargil-Leh_Road_Declares_as_National_Highway
|archivedate = 17 July 2011
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref name="Express">{{cite web
| author=ExpressIndia.com
| title=Srinagar-Leh road gets National Highway status
| work=ExpressIndia.com
| date=23 April 2006
| url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=66549}}</ref>

The old [[Central Asia]]n [[trade route]] '''Srinagar-Leh-[[Yarkant County|Yarkand]]''' was also known as the '''Treaty Road''', after a commercial treaty signed in 1870<ref name="Pathik">{{cite book
| author = Jyoteeshwar Pathik
| year = 1997
| title = Glimpses of History of Jammu & Kashmir
| page = 117
| publisher = Anmol Publications
| location = New Delhi, India
| isbn = 81-7488-480-7
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OLvIvL5dcOQC&pg=PA117
| accessdate = 2009-06-30
}}</ref> between [[Maharaja]] [[Ranbir Singh (Maharaja)|Ranbir Singh]] and [[Thomas Douglas Forsyth]].<ref name="Osmaston">{{cite book
| author = Henry Osmaston (Editor), Philip Denwood (Editor)
| year = 1993
| title = Recent Research on Ladakh 4 & 5: Proceedings of the Fourth and Fifth International Colloquia on Ladakh
| page = 236
| publisher = [[Motilal Banarsidass]]
| location = Delhi, India
| isbn = 978-81-208-1404-2
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mCy2mBVNqSoC&pg=PA236
| accessdate = 2009-06-30
}}</ref>

== New numbering ==
As of 2010 notification from [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]], NH 1D has been [[List of National Highways in India by highway number|renumbered]] as [[National Highway 1 (India)|National Highway 1]], along following route. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/writereaddata/linkimages/9-6774713323.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=28 Apr 2018}}</ref>

Starting at [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]], [[Baramulla|Baramula]], [[Srinagar]], [[Kargil]] and terminating at [[Leh]].

The route from Uri to Srinagar was part of [[National Highway 1A (India, old numbering)|old NH1A]] before renumbering.

==Junction==
: {{jct|NH|1A|country=IND}} near Kashmir

==Weather conditions==
Heavy snowfall on the highest passes can block traffic, cutting Leh from Srinagar for some six months each year. During springtime, the [[Border Roads Organisation]] (BRO) plows snow and repairs damages caused by landslides.<ref name="Thai1">{{cite web
|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/india-news/srinagar-leh-highway-to-reopen-after-remaining-closed-for-six-months_100169129.html
|author=Thaindian.com
|title=Srinagar-Leh highway to reopen after remaining closed for six months
|date= 20 March 2009
|accessdate=2009-06-30}}</ref> [[Zoji La]] pass received reportedly some {{convert|18|m|abbr=on}} of snowfall in 2008.<ref name="Thai2">{{cite web
|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/lifestyle/srinagar-leh-highway-to-be-opened-soon_10032210.html
|author=Thaindian.com
|title=Srinagar-Leh highway to reopen after remaining closed for six months
|date= 28 March 2008
|accessdate=2009-06-30}}</ref>

==Geography==
For most part, NH 1D transited through extremely treacherous [[terrain]] and followed the historic trade route along the [[Indus River]], thus giving modern travelers a glimpse of villages which are historically and culturally important.<ref>[http://www.koausa.org/Ladakh/road.html] Ladakh, the Road journey</ref> The road generally remained open for traffic from early June to mid-November. The total length of NH 1 was {{convert|422|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://morth.nic.in/writereaddata/sublink2images/NH_StartEnding_Station8634854396.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-07-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090410062034/http%3A//morth%2Enic%2Ein/writereaddata/sublink2images/NH_StartEnding_Station8634854396%2Ehtm |archivedate=10 April 2009 |df=dmy-all }} Details of National Highways in India-Source-Govt. of India</ref>

The two highest passes on NH 1D include [[Fotu La]] at {{convert|4108|m|abbr=on|sigfig=5}} elevation and Zoji La at {{convert|3528|m|abbr=on|sigfig=5}} elevation.

Between [[Fotu La]] pass and Leh, a government checkpoint is stationed in the village of [[Khalatse]].<ref name="Keating"/>

[[Dras]], located some {{convert|170|km|abbr=on}} from Srinagar at elevation of {{convert|3249|m|abbr=on|sigfig=5}}, is the first major village over the Zoji La pass. The village is inhabited by a population of mixed [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiri]] and [[Dard people|Dard]] origins, having a reputation of being the second coldest permanent inhabited spot in the world after [[Siberia]], with temperatures dropping to {{convert|-45|C|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Keating">{{cite journal
| author = Hilary Keating
| date = July–August 1993

| title = The Road to Leh
| journal = [[Saudi Aramco World]]
| volume = 44
| issue = 4
| pages = 8–17
| publisher = [[Aramco Services Company]]
| location = Houston, Texas
| issn = 1530-5821
| url = http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199304/the.road.to.leh.htm
| accessdate = 2009-06-29
}}</ref>

==History==
In the 17th and 18th centuries, the road was only a track, impassable even with ponies. Goods, mainly [[Pashmina|pashmina wool]], were carried by porters from [[Yarkant County|Yarkand]] and [[Tibet]] for the [[Kashmir shawl]] industry.<ref name="Osmaston"/>

In the 19th century, the route was improved, allowing pony caravans to pass.<ref name="Keating"/> This work was started after<ref name="Osmaston"/> [[Dogra]] [[General Zorawar Singh]] conquered Ladakh region from the [[Sikh Empire]] during 1836–1840 [[Gulab Singh of Jammu and Kashmir#Trans-Himalayan adventure|Trans-Himalayan campaign]] and [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|princely state of Jammu and Kashmir]] was formed when the British sold Kashmir to maharaja [[Gulab Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Gulab Singh]] in 1846 [[Treaty of Amritsar, 1846|Treaty of Amritsar]].

In April 1873, the Kashmir government allocated 2,500 rupees annually for upkeep of the Treaty Road and associated [[Caravanserai|serais]].<ref name="Osmaston"/>

During the 1950s, tensions rose in Ladakh region. China secretly built a military road spanning some {{convert|1200|km|abbr=on}} from [[Xinjiang]] to western Tibet, which was discovered by Indian in 1957 and confirmed by Chinese maps showing the road in 1958. The political situation eroded, culminating in 1962 in the [[Sino-Indian War]].

The road on the Chinese side gave [[People's Liberation Army|PLA]] an advantage as a reliable supply line, giving the [[Indian Army]] impetus to build a road for supply and mobilisation of their own troops. The building started from Sringar in 1962, reaching [[Kargil town|Kargil]] in two years. This was the basis of modern Srinagar-Leh Highway. Building the road was hazardous task, given the challenging geographical location, and maintaining the road is still an unenviable task.<ref name="Thai2"/><ref name="Keating"/>

Restrictions on civilian traffic were lifted in 1974.<ref name="Keating"/>

This highway was used as mobilisation route by the Indian Army during [[Kargil War|Pakistani occupation of Kargil]] in 1999, known as [[Operation Vijay (1999)|Operation Vijay]].

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Zojila Road.jpg
Image:A view from Zoji La.jpg
File:Srinagar Leh Highway India.jpg
File:National Highway 1D near Leh.jpg
File:Sringar-leh Highway.jpg
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of National Highways in India (by Highway Number)]]
* [[National Highways Development Project]]
* [[Origins of the Sino-Indian border dispute]]
* [[Sino-Indian War]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/959724#map=8/34.324/76.175 Old NH 1D on OpenStreetMap]
*[http://vistet.wordpress.com/category/srinagar-leh-road/ High Road To.. updates on the Sringar-Leh Road]
*[http://www.mapsofindia.com/driving-directions-maps/nh1D-driving-directions-map.html NH 1D Map]
*[https://archive.today/20130125184739/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Chandigarh/Srinagar-Leh-highway-reopens/SP-Article1-846094.aspx]

{{IND NHs Old}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:National Highway 1d (India)}}
[[Category:National Highways in Jammu and Kashmir|1D]]
[[Category:National highways in India (old numbering)]]
[[Category:National Highways in Ladakh]]

National Highway 1D (India, old numbering) - Revision history

CleanupBot: /* New numbering */clean up

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