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[[File:Natural_stone_arch_in_tirumala.JPG|thumb|Natural stone arch in Tirumala.]]

'''National Geological Monuments''' are geographical areas of national importance and [[Geoheritage|heritage]], as notified by the [[Government of India]]'s [[Geological Survey of India]] (GSI), for their maintenance, protection, promotion and enhancement of [[geotourism]].<ref name=gsi1>{{Cite web |url=http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127,529542&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |title=National Geological Monument, from Geological Survey of India website |access-date=2017-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712055947/http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127,529542&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |archive-date=2017-07-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="gsi2">{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=137573|title=Geo-Heritage Sites|date=2016-03-09|website=pib.nic.in|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|access-date=2018-09-15}}</ref><ref name=gsi3>[http://naturalheritage.intach.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Geoheritage-Monograph.pdf national geo-heritage of India], [[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage|INTACH]]</ref>

==List of National Geological Monuments ==
{{anchor | National | India }}

There are 34 notified National Geological Heritage Monument Sites of India. GSI or the respective State governments are responsible for taking necessary measures to protect these sites.<ref name=gsi2/><ref name=gsi3/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+List of Geological Heritage Sites / National Geological Monuments of India
!No.
!Image
!Geo-Heritage site
!Location
!District
!State
!Geotourism Category
!Reference
|-
|1
|
|[[Obulavaripalle mandal#Geology: national geological monument|Volcanogenic bedded Barytes]]
|Mangampeta
|[[Kadapa district]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|EcoGeo Monuments
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|2
|[[File:Sandstone of detrital quartz rocks at Kapilatheertham Tirupati.JPG|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[Eparchaean Unconformity|Tirupati Eparchaean Unconformity]]
|in the steep natural slopes, road scars and ravines on the Tirupati-Tirumala Ghat road
|[[Chittoor district]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|Stratigraphy Monuments
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|3
|[[File:Natural stone arch in tirumala.JPG|center|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[Natural Arch, Tirumala hills|Tirumala Natural Geological Arch]]
|[[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala#The Seven Hills|Tirumala Hills]]
|[[Chittoor district]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|Geological Marvels
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|4
|[[File:Erramatti Dibbalu (Red Sand Hills) in Visakhapatnam 03.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[Erra Matti Dibbalu]]
|the dissected and stabilized coastal red sediment mounds located between [[Vishakhapatnam]] and [[Bheemunipatnam]]
|[[Visakhapatnam district]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|Geological Marvels
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|5
|[[File:Laterite formation on gneiss. C 009.jpg|frameless|114x114px]]
|[[Angadipuram Laterite]]
|near Angadipuram PWD rest house premises
|[[Malappuram district]]
|[[Kerala]]
|EcoGeo Monuments
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|6
|[[File:Varkala South Cliff - panoramio.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[Varkala|Varkala Cliff Section]]
|[[Varkala]]
|[[Thiruvananthapuram district]]
|[[Kerala]]
|Geological Marvels
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|7
|[[File:Fossil wood at tiruvakkarai.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[National Fossil Wood Park, Tiruvakkarai]]
|near [[Thiruvakkarai]] village, [[Vanur taluk]]
|[[Viluppuram district]]
|[[Tamil nadu]]
|Fossil Park
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|8
|[[File:National Fossil Wood Park, Sathanur, Perambalur JEG2919.JPG|frameless|113x113px]]
|[[National Fossil Wood Park, Sathanur]]
|[[Sathanur, Perambalur|Sathanur]]
|[[Perambalur district]],
|[[Tamil nadu]]
|Fossil Park
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|9
|[[File:Charnockite Rock at st. Thomas Mount.JPG|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[St. Thomas Charnockite]]
|[[St. Thomas Mount]], [[Chennai]]
|[[Chennai district]]
|[[Tamil nadu]]
|Rock Monuments
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|10
|
|[[Perambalur#Karai Badlands Formation Fossil Park|Karai Badlands Formation Fossil Park]]
|Badlands of Karai Formation with Cretaceous fossils along Karai – Kulakkalnattam Section
|[[Perambalur district]]
|[[Tamil nadu]]
|Fossil Park
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|11
|
|[[Kadana Dam#Kadana Eddy Marking Sedimentary Structures|Eddy Current Marking - Sedimentary Structures]]
|[[Kadana Dam]]
|[[Mahisagar district]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|Geological Marvels
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|12
|
|[[Sendra Granite]]
|
|[[Pali district]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|Geological Marvels
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|13
|
|[[Pali district#National geological monument|Barr Conglomerate]]
|
|[[Pali district]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|Rock Monuments
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|14
|
|[[Udaipur#Jharmar Kotra national geological monument|Stromatolite Fossil Park]]
|Jharmar Kotra Rock Phosphate deposit
|[[Udaipur district]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|Stromatolite Park
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|15
|
|[[Udaipur#Gossan in Rajpura-Dariba Mineralised belt|Gossan in Rajpura-Dariba Mineralised belt]]
|
|[[Udaipur district]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|EcoGeo Monuments
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|16
|
|[[Bhojunda Stromatolite Park]]
|
|[[Chittaurgarh district]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|Stromatolite Park
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|17
|
|[[Akal Wood Fossil Park]]
|
|[[Jaisalmer district]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|Fossil Park
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|18
|
|[[Kishangarh#Nepheline Syenite, National Geological Monument|Kishangarh Nepheline Syenite]]
|Kishangarh
|[[Ajmer district]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|Rock Monuments
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|19
|
|[[Rao Jodha Desert Rock Park#Jodhpur Welded Tuff national geological monument|Jodhpur Welded Tuff]]
|
|[[Jodhpur district]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|Rock Monuments
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|20
|[[File:Malani Igneous Suite Jodhpur near Mehrangarh Fort.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[Jodhpur Group – Malani Igneous Suite Contact]]
|
|[[Jodhpur district]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|Stratigraphy Monuments
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|21
|
|[[Bundi#Satur national geological monument|Great Boundary Fault at Satur]]
|
|[[Bundi district]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|Stratigraphy Monuments
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|22
|[[File:Lonar Meteorite Crater edit 1.JPG|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[Lonar Lake]]
|
|[[Buldhana district]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|Geological Marvels
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|23
|
|[[Manendragarh#National geological monument|Lower Permian Marine bed at Manendragarh]] (Marine Gondwana Fossil Park)
|
|[[Surguja district]]
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|Fossil Park
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|24
|[[File:St Mary Malpe1206 044 w802.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[St. Mary's Islands|Columnar Basaltic Lava of Coconut Island (St. Mary Island)]]
|[[St. Mary's Islands]]
|[[Udupi district]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|Rock Monuments
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|25
|
|[[Hiriyur#National geological monument|Pillow lavas near Mardihalli]]
|
|[[Chitradurga district]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|Rock Monuments
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|26
|[[File:Gneiss exposure at Geological monument.JPG|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[Peninsular Gneiss|Peninsular Gneiss of Lalbagh]]
|[[Bangalore]]
|[[Bangalore Urban district]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|Rock Monuments
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|27
|
|[[Kolar Gold Fields#Kolar national geological monument|Pyroclastics & Pillow lavas of Kolar Gold fields]]
|Peddapalli
|[[Kolar district]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|Rock Monuments
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|28
|[[File:Siwalik sandstone complex.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[Shivalik Fossil Park]]
|[[Suketi]]
|[[Sirmaur district]]
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|Fossil Park
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|29
|
|[[Kendujhar district#Nomira national geological monument|Pillow Lava in lron ore belt at Nomira]]
|
|[[Keonjhar district]]
|[[Odisha]]
|Rock Monuments
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|30
|
|[[Rajmahal hills#Fossils|Plant Fossil bearing Inter-trappean beds of Rajmahal Formation]]
|upper [[Gondwana]] sequence around Mandro
|[[Sahibganj district]]
|[[Jharkhand]]
|Fossil Park
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|31
|
|[[Naga Hills#Geology: national geological monument|Nagahill Ophiolite Site]]
|near Pungro
|
|[[Nagaland]]
|Rock Monuments
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|32
|
|[[Namchi#Mamley national geological monument|Stromatolite bearing Dolomite / Limestone of Buxa Formation at Mamley]]
|[[Namchi]]
|[[South Sikkim district]]
|[[Sikkim]]
|Stromatolite Park
|<ref name="gsi2" />
|-
|33
|[[File:Ramgarh Crater.JPG|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[Ramgarh crater]]
|Ramgarh
|[[Baran district]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|Geological Marvels
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/udaipur/Ramgarh-Zawar-accepted-as-geo-heritage-sites-in-Rajasthan/articleshow/55397382.cms|title=Ramgarh, Zawar accepted as geo-heritage sites in Rajasthan|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-09-14}}</ref>
|-
|34
|
|[[Zawar]] lead-zinc mine
|[[Zawar]]
|[[Udaipur district]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|
|<ref name=":0" />
|}

== Geo-tourism sites in Northeast India ==
{{anchor | NE | Ne | Northeast | Northeast India }}

There are 12 geo-tourism sites in [[Northeast India]] notified by the Geological Survey of India (GSI) for promotion of geo-tourism.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Karmakar|first=Rahul|date=2021-08-20|title=GSI lists geo-tourism sites in NE to visit after ‘unlock’|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gsi-lists-geo-tourism-sites-in-ne-to-visit-after-unlock/article36012306.ece|access-date=2021-09-02|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-10|title=GSI lists geo-tourism spots in the Northeast to explore post-pandemic|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/gsi-lists-geo-tourism-spots-in-the-northeast-to-explore-post-pandemic-1007135.html|access-date=2021-09-02|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-24|title=GSI lists geo-tourism sites in North east - JournalsOfIndia|url=https://journalsofindia.com/gsi-lists-geo-tourism-sites-in-north-east/|access-date=2021-09-02|language=en-US}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+List of Geotourism Sites in Northeast India
!No.
!Image
!Geo-Heritage site
!Location
!District
!State
!Geotourism Category and reference
|-
|1
| [[File:Expedition_is_in_progress_in_Meghalayan_Caves.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
| [[Mawmluh cave]]
| [[Cherrapunji]]
| [[East Khasi Hills district]]
| [[Meghalaya]]
| Geo-tourism: Cave belongs to [[Meghalayan]] Age, which is a major abrupt climatic event with critical drought and cooling 4,200 years ago which was determined from a [[stalagmite]] from Mawmluh cave.<ref name="ne1">[https://journalsofindia.com/gsi-lists-geo-tourism-sites-in-north-east/ GSI lists geo-tourism sites in North east], Journals of India, August 24, 2021.</ref> In the [[geologic time scale]], the '''Meghalayan''' is the latest [[age (geology)|age]] or uppermost [[stage (stratigraphy)|stage]] of the [[Quaternary]].<ref name="ICS">{{cite web |url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2020-01.pdf |last=Cohen |first=K. M. |last2=Finney |first2=S. C. |last3=Gibbard |first3=P. L. |last4=Fan |first4=J-X. |title=International Chronostratigraphic Chart |publisher=International Commission on Stratigraphy |date=January 2020 |access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2
|
| [[Mawblei God’s Rock]]
|
| [[East Khasi Hills district]]
| [[Meghalaya]]
| Geo-tourism: A megalith, [[Mahadek Formation|Mahadek]] sandstone of Khasi group of cretaceous period, inclined at 45 degrees on a slope of a hill of [[Wahrashi River]] valley is a sacred site for [[Khasi people]].<ref name="ne1" />
|-
|3
|
| [[Therriaghat]]
|
| [[East Khasi Hills district]]
| [[Meghalaya]]
| Geo-tourism: Best-preserved and most complete [[Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary]] in India. [[Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event]] at the end of the [[Cretaceous]] period caused sudden extinction of the large vertebrates, [[plankton]]s and many tropical invertebrates.<ref name="ne1" />
|-
|4
| [[File:Majuli_Island.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
| [[Majuli]]
| Majuli island
| [[Majuli district]]
| [[Assam]]
| Geo-tourism: World's largest river island in [[Brahmaputra]] river has sacred Hindu [[Vaishnavite]] [[sampradaya]]'s [[Satra (Ekasarana Dharma)|satra]] (kshetra or monasteries) set up by in 15th-16th century [[Sankardev|Srimanta Sankaradeva]]. The eco-region is conserved by the [[Srimanta Sankaradeva Sangha]].<ref name="ne1" />
|-
|5
|
| [[Umananda Island]]
| Brahmaputra river
| [[Guwahati]]
| [[Assam]]
| Geo-tourism: islet is an [[inselberg]] made of rocks of [[Assam-Meghalaya gneissic complex]].<ref name="ne1" />
|-
|6
| [[File:2)Chabimura,_the_archaeological_site_at_Devtamura.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
| [[Chabimura]]
|
| [[Gomati district]]
| [[Tripura]]
| Geo-tourism: 15th-16th century sacred Hindu site with rock carvings on a cliff of [[Gomti River]] with massive rock cut images of [[Shiva]], [[Vishnu]], [[Karthikeya]], [[Durga]] and other Hindu deities highest of which is 20 ft.<ref name="ne1" />
|-
|7
| [[File:Unakoti_(Scorpian_ad).JPG|frameless|100x100px]]
| [[Unakoti]]
|
| [[Unakoti district]]
| [[Tripura]]
| Geo-tourism: 7th-9th centuries rock-cut sculptures and Shaiva temples. ''Unakotiswara Kal Bhairava'' shiva statue is 30 feet tall.<ref name="ne1" />
|-
|8
| [[File:Sangestar_Tso_Lake.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
| [[Sangestar Tso]]
|
| [[Tawang district]]
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| Geo-tourism: Also called as Madhuri Lake, created by damming of river due to earthquake in 1950, is nestled in a lush valley midst of snowy mountain peaks and freezes in winter.<ref name="ne1" />
|-
|9
| [[File:The_Loktak_Lake.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
| [[Loktak Lake]]
|
| [[Bishnupur district]]
| [[Manipur]]
| Geo-tourism: It is a [[phumdi]] (floating biomass) with ''phumsangs'' (tribal huts of fishermen) which is also the [[Keibul Lamjao National Park]] - world's only floating wildlife habitat on the southwestern part of lake.<ref name="ne1" />
|-
|10
| [[File:Reiek Tlang Mamit Mizoram.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
| [[Reiek#Tiang|Reiek Tlang]]
|
| [[ Aizawl]]
| [[Mizoram]]
| Geo-tourism: Itis a [[cuesta]] (a hill with a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other) created by erosion of the [[Tertiary|tertiary]] sand [[shale]] [[Mineral alteration|alterations]].<ref name="ne1"/>
|-
|11
|
| [[Nagahill Ophiolite Site]]
| [[Pungro]]
| [[Kiphire district]]
| [[Nagaland]]
| Geo-tourism: <ref name="ne1" />
|-
|12
| [[File:Magnificent_Buxa.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
| [[Namch#Geo|Mamley Stromatolite Park]]
| [[Namchi]]
| [[South Sikkim district]]
| [[Sikkim]]
| Geo-tourism: Also called "Buxa Formation of Mamley", is [[Algal_mat#StromatolitesStromatolite Algal mat]] with circular structures in the limestone of [[Proterozoic]] [[Buxa Tiger Reserve|Buxa Formation]] microbiota microfossils of Ranjit Window is rare examples of early life on earth in the Sikkim Himalayas.<ref name="ne1" />
|}

==See also==

* [[Monuments of National Importance of India]]
* [[State Protected Monuments of India]]
* [[List of World Heritage Sites in India]]
* [[List of rock-cut temples in India]]
* [[List of forts in India]]
* [[List of museums in India]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==

*[http://naturalheritage.intach.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Geoheritage-Monograph.pdf Monograph on national geoheritage sites of India], by [[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage|INTACH]]
*[https://cerg.in/indiangeoparks Interactive GIS map]
*[http://bhukosh.gsi.gov.in/Bhukosh/Geotourism.html Map]
*[https://www.gsi.gov.in/webcenter/portal/OCBIS/page17/pageGEOTOURISM?_adf.ctrl-state=xip2n1i0t_1&_afrLoop=4707612911523624#!%40%40%3F_afrLoop%3D4707612911523624%26_adf.ctrl-state%3Dxip2n1i0t_5 Information on Geo-Heritage sites]

{{Geography of India}}
{{Geography of India by state or territory}}
{{Monuments in India}}
{{World Heritage Sites in India}}
{{Tourism in India}}

[[Category:Geography of India]]
[[Category:Geology of India]]
[[Category:National Geological Monuments in India|*]]
[[Category:Tourism in Northeast India]]
[[Category:Tourism in India]]
[[Category:Geotourism]]

National Geological Monuments of India - Revision history

>Qwerfjkl: guideliens->guidelines - Fix a typo in one click