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'''National Digital Repository for Museums of India''' is a [[Centre for Development of Advanced Computing|C-DAC]]-led project to create a seamless access to collections and artifacts organized according to themes, regardless of the physical and geographical locations of the museums that house them. The first public version developed on [[DSpace|Dspace]] was released in 2002. The initial draft of Open Archival Information System ([[OAIS]]) was also released in year 2003. It is necessary to transform museums for greater relevance and application for the modern society.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://inclusivemuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Program-2014-Strategic-Transformations-Museums-in-21st-Century.pdf|title=Transforming Indian Museums Using Digital Technologies|last=Katre|first=Dinesh|date=2014|website=STRATEGIC TRANSFORMATIONS: MUSEUMS IN 21st CENTURY|access-date=May 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=CDAC INDIA|title=Transforming Indian Museums into Digital Knowledge Centres by Dr Dinesh Katre|date=2018-05-07|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7UVJlLKskBU|access-date=2018-05-07}}</ref> Therefore, while focusing the needs of Indian museums, Dr. Dinesh Katre, Senior Director at C-DAC initiated the development of e-curator software named as JATAN (जतन): Virtual Museum Builder in 2001, which was developed and released in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://delnet.nic.in/news-naclin-report.htm|title=DELNET|website=delnet.nic.in|access-date=2018-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://delnet.nic.in/naclin-contents-2004.htm|title=DELNET|website=delnet.nic.in|access-date=2018-05-07}}</ref> Subsequently, JATAN (जतन) software<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Katre|first=Dinesh|date=2004|title=Pragmatic and Usable Approach for Digital Library Initiatives in India|journal=Proceedings of International Conference on Digital Libraries (ICDL), New Delhi, India|volume= I|pages=41–48|citeseerx=10.1.1.185.3990}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Developing Cyber Libraries: Festschrift in Honour of Professor M. Sankara Reddy|last=T. Ashok|first=Babu|publisher=Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd.|year=2006|isbn=978-81-7764-973-4|location=India|pages=148–153}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ignca.nic.in/PDF_data/kn_digital001_pdf_data/T1a_Laying_the_Foundations.pdf|title=Laying the Foundations for. Digital Preservation in Indian Museums|date=January 31, 2009|website=IGNCA|access-date=May 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=mc_hc_jatan_virtual_museum|title=JATAN: Virtual Museum Builder|date=May 6, 2018|website=C-DAC|access-date=May 6, 2018}}</ref> was deployed in [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya|Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Museum]], Mumbai; [[Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum]], Pune and The Baroda Museum & Picture Gallery in Vadodara.<ref>{{Citation|last=Dr. Dinesh Katre|title=Sahara Samay Television News Report on JATAN: Virtual Museum Builder Developed by C-DAC|date=2009-06-18|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQj1e4NGHSg|access-date=2018-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Dr. Dinesh Katre|title=ETV News Report on JATAN: Virtual Museum Builder of C-DAC|date=2009-04-19|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzI63Iz0heI|access-date=2018-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Dr. Dinesh Katre|title=Star Maza Television News Report on JATAN: Virtual Museum Builder Developed by C-DAC|date=2009-04-08|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRl2hlDVChU&t=1s|access-date=2018-05-05}}</ref> Although the response from museums was lukewarm, C-DAC continued developing JATAN (जतन) software into a comprehensive digital collection management system for museums. As part of this research, early visions of using crowdsourcing method for metadata enrichment of museum artefacts and unified virtual catalogue for Indian museums was presented in 2005.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Katre|first=Dinesh|date=October 2011|title=Converging and diverging factors of libraries, archives and museums – an Indian perspective|journal=IFLA Journal|volume= 37| issue = 3|pages=195–203|doi=10.1177/0340035211418728|s2cid=110749204 }}</ref>

During 2013, Ministry of Culture started the Vivekananda Memorial Museum Excellence Program in collaboration with the [[Art Institute of Chicago]], USA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/news/national-museum-artefacts-to-be-centrally-digitised-news-national-ob3vuycdcbdsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130162359/http://www.sify.com/news/national-museum-artefacts-to-be-centrally-digitised-news-national-ob3vuycdcbdsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-01-30|title=National museum artefacts to be centrally digitised|website=[[Sify]]|language=en|access-date=2019-01-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/383907/four-lakh-artefacts-available-viewing.html|title=Four lakh artefacts available for viewing at your fingertips|date=January 31, 2014|work=The Deccan Herald|access-date=May 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishcouncil.in/sites/default/files/re-imagine_museums_india-uk.pdf|title=Re-Imagine Museums and Galleries|date=October 2014|website=British Council|access-date=May 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pioneer|first=The|title=India's cultural treasures to go online|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2014/india/indias-cultural-treasures-to-go-online.html|access-date=2020-12-22|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}</ref> As part of this program various existing software solutions available in India were evaluated and finally JATAN: Virtual Museum Builder was selected for standardized implementation across national museums.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2014/india/indias-cultural-treasures-to-go-online.html|title=India's cultural treasures to go online|last=Pioneer|first=The|website=The Pioneer|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Take-a-virtual-tour-of-10-national-museums/articleshow/32688618.cms|title=Take a virtual tour of 10 national museums - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/now-smart-museums-to-give-virtual-tours-and-3d-view-of-rare-artifacts-5064538/|title=Now, smart museums to give 'virtual' tours and 3D view of rare artifacts|date=2018-02-15|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/c-dac-centre-collaboration-takes-1-1l-indian-museum-artefacts-online/articleshow/62876922.cms|title=C-DAC, Centre collaboration takes 1.1L Indian museum artefacts online - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=May 3, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/get-3d-visual-treat-of-rare-statues-in-allahabad-museum-soon/story-PbpHiIHIhGE91JluPDJXDM.html|title=Get 3D visual treat of rare statues in Allahabad Museum soon|date=July 27, 2017|work=The Hindustan Times|access-date=May 3, 2018}}</ref>

== Certification Program for Museum Curators ==
The team of Human-Centred Design & Computing Group at C-DAC, Pune organized JATAN certification training program in order to motivate and prepare the museum curators in taking on with the challenging task of digitization. Several batches of this 2 days training program for the museum curators were conducted. The training covered digitization best practices, hands on experience of JATAN software and exposure to advancements in [[digital heritage]] preservation, 3D [[Virtual walk-through]]s, mobile apps, touch screen kiosk applications for museum visitors. Around 50 curators from 10 national museums were trained as part of this initiative.

== Standardized Implementation of JATAN (जतन) in National Museums ==
In the first phase this project, Ministry of Culture decided to implement JATAN (जतन) software in the following 10 national museums -

* [[National Museum, New Delhi]]
* [[Allahabad Museum]], Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/get-3d-visual-treat-of-rare-statues-in-allahabad-museum-soon/story-PbpHiIHIhGE91JluPDJXDM.html|title=Get 3D visual treat of rare statues in Allahabad Museum soon|date=2017-07-27|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref>
* [[Indian Museum, Kolkata]], West Bengal
* [[National Gallery of Modern Art]]s (NGMA), New Delhi
* [[National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai|National Gallery of Modern Arts]] (NGMA), Mumbai, Maharashtra
* [[National Gallery of Modern Art, Bangalore|National Gallery of Modern Arts]] (NGMA), Bengaluru, Karnataka
* [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) Museum, Goa
* [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) Museum, Nagarjunakonda, Andhra Pradesh
* [[Salar Jung Museum]], Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
* Victoria Memorial Hall, Kolkata, West Bengal

As per the technical specifications provided by Human-Centred Design & Computing Group at C-DAC, Pune the museums procured and established computer labs equipped with computers, [[Server (computing)|server]], [[digital camera]], [[Image scanner|scanner]], [[Network Attached Storage (NAS)]], [[Local area network (LAN)|Local Area Network (LAN)]] and broadband connectivity, etc. The museums also arranged local technical support for maintenance of this facility. Major achievement of this effort was that museums became self-reliant and started with the digitization at their own. After the successful implementation of JATAN software in 10 national museums, C-DAC was entrusted with a new project to develop the National Portal and Digital Repository for Museums of India.

== National Portal and Digital Repository for Museums of India ==
Ministry of Culture funded and entrusted this project to C-DAC, Pune with the objective of providing online and integrated access to digitized collections of 10 national museums by establishing the [http://www.museumsofindia.gov.in National Portal and Digital Repository for Museums of India].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.digitalmeetsculture.net/article/national-portal-and-digital-repository-for-museums-of-india/|title=National Portal and Digital Repository for Museums of India|website=Digital meets Culture|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/national-digital-repository-museums-india|title=National Digital Repository for Museums of India {{!}} National Portal of India|website=www.india.gov.in|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref> Human-Centred Design and Computing Group at C-DAC Pune designed and developed the portal as well as the software tools required for cataloging and digital repository management.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmPy_5GzNmc|title=National Portal and Digital Repository for Museums of India (English)|date=October 24, 2014|website=Youtube|access-date=May 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8shAwIi_ymA|title=भारतीय संग्रहालयों के लिए राष्ट्रीय पोर्टल और डिजिटल भंडार (Hindi)|date=October 25, 2014|website=Youtube|access-date=May 6, 2018}}</ref>

The main features of the national portal are as under-

* The portal introduces India's rich heritage through a diverse range of digital collections in terms of sculptures, paintings, manuscripts, arms and weapons, terracotta, pottery, coins and a numerous other category of antiquities.
* Search and retrieval across all museums and categories
* Automatic keyword suggestions
* Parameter based filtering of search results
* High resolution images with zoom-in/out and metadata
* Direct access to digital collections through categorization
* Virtual exhibitions with scholarly essays published by museum curators
* Automatic timeline mapping of objects
* Dedicated homepages for museums to managed by nodal officers 
* Museum wise access to digital collections
* Museum wise event announcements
* Portal administration
* Scalable framework of virtual museums  

The portal was inaugurated by honorable Minister for Ministry of Culture, [[Government of India]], [[Shripad Naik]] on 21 October 2014. Presently, the national portal is providing online access to over 1,15,000 historical antiquities with approximately 5,00,000 digital images with metadata produced by 10 national museums.

== Data packaging and transfer ==
Digitization and metadata integration is undertaken locally in each museum. Transfer and integration of museum data in centralized database was the major challenges before us as museums are still to be connected over [[National Knowledge Network]] (NKN). Therefore, JATAN software has been supported with the functionality to package and transfer the digitized contents to C-DAC, Pune.

== Process for acquisition and ingesting of museums data ==

=== e-SANGRAHAN (ई-संग्रहण): E-acquisition tool ===

It is a digital data acquisition tool which receives the packaged data sent by the museums and makes to available for ingesting in Sanskriti Digitalaya system.

=== DIGITĀLAYA (डिजिटालय): e-Library and Archival System ===

It is an e-Library and Archival System primarily focusing on the long term archival and repository development of digitized contents in image, audio and video formats. This system is an adaptation of [[Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems|CCSDS]] [[Open Archival Information System]] (OAIS) Reference Model, ISO 14721: 2012 in cultural heritage domain. It supports the domain specific metadata standards like [[MARC21]], [[Dublin Core]], MODS, [[Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard|METS]], etc. The system allows to configure archival strategies and dissemination package for the public access portal.

Human-Centred Design & Computing Group at C-DAC, Pune has designed technical quality assurance procedures for data acquisition, archival and dissemination. The correctness of information is to be ensured by domain experts in museums only.

== Unique advantages ==

* The National Portal and Digital Repository for Museums of India has dissolved the physical walls and removed the geographical distances between 10 national museums by merging them into a single Virtual Museum which can be accessed online through single window.
* Students and teachers can access the museums directly from home or classrooms.
* Researchers, scholars,  historians and tourists can access the [[antiquities]] from anywhere.
* The project has created a comprehensive national database / register of museum antiquities which is necessary for management, protection and conservation of historical antiquities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://network.icom.museum/fileadmin/user_upload/minisites/cidoc/BoardMeetings/Shilpi_Roy.pdf|title=Standardization of museum documentation in India: A case study of recent government initiatives|last=Roy|first=Shilpy|website=ICOM|access-date=28 January 2019}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
National Portal and Digital Repository for Museums of India won the Grand Jury Special Mentions [[Manthan Award]] in 2015 in e-Culture and Heritage Category.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://manthanaward.org/e-culture-heritage-tourism-winner/|title=e-Culture, Heritage & Tourism Winner|work=Manthan Award|access-date=2018-05-03}}</ref> Hon'ble Minister for Culture, Dr. [[Mahesh Sharma]] has appraised [[Rajya Sabha|Rajyasabha]] on the progress of JATAN Project in an official press release dated 4 April 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=178393|title=More than 1 lakh art objects digitized under Project 'JATAN' till date: Dr. Mahesh Sharma|date=April 4, 2018|work=Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of Culture|access-date=May 6, 2018}}</ref> Another press release on capacity building to improve standards in museums also mentions about the progress on museums of India in collaboration with C-DAC, Pune.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=176233|title=107 museum professionals given specialized training to improve standards of Indian museums: Dr. Mahesh Sharma|date=February 6, 2018|work=Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of Culture|access-date=May 6, 2018}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Virtual museum|Virtual Museum]]
*[[National Digital Preservation Program]]
*[[Heritage science|Heritage Science]]
*[[Digitization]]
*[[Digital preservation|Digital Preservation]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Virtual museums]]
[[Category:Indian digital libraries]]
[[Category:Ministry of Culture (India)]]
[[Category:Museums in India]]
[[Category:National museums of India]]
[[Category:Cultural promotion organizations]]
[[Category:Indian educational websites]]
[[Category:Indian online encyclopedias]]

National Digital Repository for Museums of India - Revision history

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