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{{Short description|Indian organization for school education}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=June 2021}}
{{Cleanup-PR|1=article|date=August 2021}}
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{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox university
| name = National Council of Educational Research and Training
| native_name = 
| image = NCERT_300px.svg
| image_size = 150px
| established = {{start date and age|df=yes|1961}}
| type = [[Autonomy|Autonomous body]]
| budget = {{INRConvert|510|c}}<br />{{small|([[Fiscal year|FY]]2022–23 est.)}}<ref>https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/eb/vol1.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617105522/https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/eb/vol1.pdf |date=17 June 2022 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=June 2022}}</ref>
| president = [[Dharmendra Pradhan]]<br />{{small|([[Minister of Education (India)|Minister of Education]])}}
| director = Dr. Dinesh Prasad Saklani<ref name=new-dir>{{cite news |first1=Mridusmita |last1=Deka |title=NCERT Gets New Director - Dinesh Prasad Saklani From HNB Garhwal University |date=4 February 2022 |access-date=5 February 2022 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/ncert-gets-new-director-dinesh-prasad-saklani-from-hnb-garhwal-university |archive-date=5 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205042458/https://www.ndtv.com/education/ncert-gets-new-director-dinesh-prasad-saklani-from-hnb-garhwal-university |url-status=live }}</ref>
| motto = {{lang-sa|विद्यया अमृतमश्नुते}}
| mottoeng = ''Life eternal through learning''
| city = [[Sri Aurobindo Marg]]
| state = [[Delhi]]
| country = India
| campus = Urban
| free_label = Acronym
| free = NCERT
| website = {{url|www.ncert.nic.in}}
| founder = [[Government of India]] ([[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Education]])
}}
The '''National Council of Educational Research and Training''' ('''NCERT''') is an [[autonomous]] organisation of the [[Government of India]]. Established in 1961, it is a literary, scientific and charitable Society under the [[Societies Registration Act, 1860|Societies Registration Act]].{{efn|Act XXI of 1860}} Its headquarters are located at [[Sri Aurbindo Marg]] in [[New Delhi]].<ref name=:1>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncert.nic.in/organisation/management/memorandum/memo.html/ |title=Memorandum Of Association |last=Kumar |first=Prabhat |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923231033/http://www.ncert.nic.in/organisation/management/memorandum/memo.html/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dr. Dinesh Prasad Saklani is Director of the council since 2022.<ref name=new-dir />

== History ==

The Indian [[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Education]] established the NCERT on July 27th, 1961, and the council began formal operation on September 1st, 1961. It was formed through the merger seven government organizations: the Central Institute of Education, the Central Bureau of Textbook Research, the Central Bureau of Educational and Vocational Guidance, the Directorate of Extension Programmes for Secondary Education, the National Institute of Basic Education, the National Fundamental Education Centre, and the National Institute of Audio-Visual Education.<ref name="leading">{{cite web |title=Leading the Change: 50 Years of NCERT |url=http://www.ncert.nic.in/oth_anoun/leading_the_change.pdf |publisher=NCERT |access-date=7 March 2020 |date=19 August 2011 |archive-date=12 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712080747/http://www.ncert.nic.in/oth_anoun/leading_the_change.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> It is separate from the [[National Council for Teacher Education]].

It is the objective of the NCERT to design and support a common system of education for the country that is national in character, as well as to enable and encourage the diverse cultural practices across the country as a whole. Based on the recommendations of the Education Commission(1964–66), the first national policy statement on education was issued in 1968. The policy endorsed the adoption of a uniform pattern of school education across the country consisting of 10 years of general education program followed by 2 years of diversified schooling.

The NCERT is also behind the formation of the [[National Science Talent Search Scheme]] (NTSS) in the year 1963. The program was aimed at identifying, nurturing the talented students in India, and rewarding them with [[scholarship]]s. The National [[Science]] Talent Search Scheme (NTSS) underwent a major change in the year 1976 with the introduction of the 10+2+3 pattern of [[education]]. The program was renamed to National Talent Search Scheme with the NTSE examination now being conducted for classes X, XI, and XII. Currently, the NTSE exam is conducted only for 10th class students in India in two phases with subjects relating to Mental Ability Test and Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) for 100 marks each.<ref name="ncert ref12">{{cite news|title=NCERT Announces New Date For NTSE Stage 2 Exam|url=https://www.india.com/education/ncert-announces-new-date-for-ntse-stage-2-exam-deets-inside-4976903/|access-date=16 October 2021|publisher=india.com|date=23 September 2021|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016023331/https://www.india.com/education/ncert-announces-new-date-for-ntse-stage-2-exam-deets-inside-4976903/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NTSE Exam|url=https://www.ntseguru.in/what-is-ntse|access-date=2020-12-25|website=ntseguru.in|archive-date=2 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202084341/https://www.ntseguru.in/what-is-ntse|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== The Curriculum for the Ten-year school ===
This framework came in 1975.<ref name="ncert ref13" /> It emphasized that a curriculum based on the principles laid out in the framework has to be developed on the basis of research. Thus for NCERT, the 1970s was a decade flushed with curriculum research and development activities to narrate the content and process of education to Indian realities.

=== National Curriculum for Elementary and Secondary Education ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2021}}
This revised curriculum framework was implemented in 1988<ref name="ncert ref13" /> following the ''[[National Policy on Education|1986 National Policy on Education]]''. It encompassed 12 years of school education and suggested a reorientation of curricular and instructional materials to make them more child-centered. It advocated returning out examination reforms and the implementation of [[Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation|CCE]] at all stages of education.

=== National Curriculum Framework for School Education ===
{{Main|National Curriculum Framework (NCF 2005)}}
This framework came in 2000.<ref name="ncert ref13" /> It stressed the need for a healthful, agreeable, and stress-free adolescence and reduction of the curricular contents. Thus a multicultural thematic approach was recommended, environmental education was pronounced upon and language and mathematics got desegregated in the first two years of education.

'''National Curriculum Framework:''' The council came up with a new National Curriculum Framework in 2005, drafted by a National Steering Committee.<ref name="ncert ref13" /> This exercise was based on 5 guiding principles:

# Connecting knowledge to life outside school.
# Shift from the rote method of learning.
# Enriching the curriculum for the overall development of children so that it goes beyond textbooks.
# Making examinations flexible and integrating them with classroom life. and,
# Nurturing an identity informed by caring concerns.<ref name="leading" />

In 2021, NCERT textbooks revision process was initiated by the Government of India by setting up a committee headed by former ISRO chief K Kasturirangan to prepare a document laying down various guidelines for changes in the curriculum of the council.<ref name="ncert ref13" />

[[File:NCERT.jpg|thumb|NCERT campus entrance display with logo]]

== Logo ==
The design of the NCERT logo is taken from an Ashokan period relic of the 3rd century BCE which was found in excavations near [[Maski]] in [[Raichur district]], [[Karnataka]]. The motto has been taken from the [[Isha Upanishad]] and means 'life eternal through learning'. The three intertwined [[swans]] symbolize the integration of the three aspects of the work of NCERT, namely [[research & development]], training and extension.<ref name="leading" />

==Textbooks==
Textbooks published by NCERT are prescribed by the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] (CBSE)<ref name="ncert ref13">{{cite news |title=Kasturirangan-led panel to develop new curriculum for schools |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/government-textbook-revisions-committee-new-national-curriculum-framework-7525579/ |access-date=16 October 2021 |publisher=indianexpress.com |date=22 September 2021 |archive-date=16 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016025654/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/government-textbook-revisions-committee-new-national-curriculum-framework-7525579/ |url-status=live }}</ref> from classes I to XII, with exceptions for a few subjects, especially for the Class 10 and 12 Board Examination. Around 19 school boards from 14 states have adopted or adapted the books.<ref name="textmatters" /> Those who wish to adopt the textbooks are required to send a request to NCERT, upon which soft copies of the books are received. The material is press-ready and may be printed by paying a 5% royalty, and by acknowledging NCERT.<ref name="textmatters">{{cite news|last=Meganathan|first=Rama|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/why-ncert-textbooks-matter/article18400872.ece|title=Why NCERT textbooks matter|date=7 May 2017|access-date=16 January 2021|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112041344/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/why-ncert-textbooks-matter/article18400872.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

The textbooks are in color-print and are among the least expensive books in Indian book stores.<ref name="textmatters" /> Textbooks created by private publishers are priced higher than those of NCERT.<ref name="textmatters" /> According to a government policy decision in 2017, the NCERT will have the exclusive task of publishing central textbooks from 2018, and the role of CBSE will be limited to conducting examinations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gohain |first1=Manash Pratim |title=From 2018, only NCERT to publish school textbooks |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/from-2018-only-ncert-to-publish-school-textbooks/articleshow/59036991.cms |access-date=16 January 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 June 2017 |archive-date=6 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206061918/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/from-2018-only-ncert-to-publish-school-textbooks/articleshow/59036991.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

National Council of Educational Research and Training had designed the books digitally in the Indian Sign Language from year 2021 for students with hearing disabilities from classes 1 to 5.<ref name="ncert ref7">{{cite news |last1=P |first1=Ambika |title=ncert: Students with hearing disabilities can access NCERT lessons online {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/students-with-hearing-disabilities-can-access-ncert-lessons-online/articleshow/86469156.cms |access-date=15 October 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=24 September 2021 |language=en |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028154132/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/students-with-hearing-disabilities-can-access-ncert-lessons-online/articleshow/86469156.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ncert ref9">{{cite news |last1=P |first1=Ambika |title=ncert: Primary school students with hearing disabilities can access NCERT lessons digitally in Indian Sign Language {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/primary-school-students-with-hearing-disabilities-can-access-ncert-lessons-digitally-in-indian-sign-language/articleshow/86463774.cms |access-date=15 October 2021 |work=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028154130/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/primary-school-students-with-hearing-disabilities-can-access-ncert-lessons-digitally-in-indian-sign-language/articleshow/86463774.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Regional Institutes of Education ==
{{Main|Regional Institute of Education}}
The [[Regional Institute of Education]] (RIE, formerly known as Regional College of Education), is a constituent unit of the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), New Delhi. The RIEs are set up in 1963 by the Government of India in different parts covering various regions. The Regional Institutes were started with the objective of qualitative improvement of school education through innovative pre-service and in-service teacher education programs and relevant research, development, and extension activities. The Regional Institutes of Education (RIEs) are located at Ajmer, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Mysore and Shillong.

== Actions ==

NCERT has a comprehensive extension program in which departments of the National Institute of Education, [[Regional Institute of Education]], Central Institute of Vocational Education, and field coaches' offices in the states are engaged in activities. Several programs are organized in rural and backward areas to reach out to functionaries in these areas.

The council acts as the Secretariat of the National Development Group for Educational Innovations. It has been offering training facilities to education workers of other countries through attachment programs and workshops.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Joshi |first1=S. R. |title=Teaching of Science |date=2007 |publisher=APH Publishing |page=37 |isbn=9788176489430 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H2Ql3bXJgloC&pg=PA37 |access-date=7 March 2020 |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704160331/https://books.google.com/books?id=H2Ql3bXJgloC&pg=PA37 |url-status=live }}</ref> The council publishes textbooks<ref name="ncert ref6">{{cite news |title=Why NCERT's participation is essential in National Curriculum Framework committee - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/why-ncerts-participation-is-essential-in-national-curriculum-framework-committee/articleshow/86887521.cms |access-date=15 October 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=9 October 2021 |archive-date=11 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011014753/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/why-ncerts-participation-is-essential-in-national-curriculum-framework-committee/articleshow/86887521.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> for school subjects from classes I to XII. NCERT publishes books & provides sample question papers that are used in government and private schools across India that follow the CBSE curriculum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/only-ncert-books-at-all-cbse-schools/articleshow/57174456.cms|title=Only NCERT books at all CBSE schools|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-date=2 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002160504/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/only-ncert-books-at-all-cbse-schools/articleshow/57174456.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

An online system named e-pathshala, a joint initiative of NCERT and [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]], has been developed for broadcasting educational e-schooling resources including textbooks, audio, video, publications, and a variety of other print and non-print elements,<ref>{{cite news |title=15 Initiatives Taken By Central Government To Improve Teaching Standards In India: HRD Minister |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/15-initiatives-taken-by-central-government-to-improve-teaching-standards-in-india-hrd-minister-1556357-2019-06-26 |access-date=7 March 2020 |agency=India Today |date=26 June 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109165856/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/15-initiatives-taken-by-central-government-to-improve-teaching-standards-in-india-hrd-minister-1556357-2019-06-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> ensuring their free access through mobile phones and tablets (as [[EPUB]]) and from the web through laptops and desktops.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bedi |first1=Aneesha |title=E-Pathshala project launched at 10 Chandigarh government schools |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/e-pathshala-project-launched-at-10-chandigarh-government-schools/story-zQSHCQtieNezzjHvmsJuYP.html |access-date=7 March 2020 |agency=Hindustan Times |date=19 July 2016 |archive-date=14 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014001359/https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/e-pathshala-project-launched-at-10-chandigarh-government-schools/story-zQSHCQtieNezzjHvmsJuYP.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

National Council of Educational Research and Training had launched a new Diploma course in Guidance and Counselling for a period of one year from 1 November 2021.<ref name="NCERT ref1">{{cite news |title=NCERT launches Diploma course in Guidance and Counselling, Apply by Nov 5 on ncert.nic.in |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/education/article/ncert-launches-diploma-course-in-guidance-and-counselling-apply-by-nov-5-on-ncert-nic-in/823574 |access-date=15 October 2021 |publisher=timesnownews |date=14 October 2021 |language=en |archive-date=23 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023102009/https://www.timesnownews.com/education/article/ncert-launches-diploma-course-in-guidance-and-counselling-apply-by-nov-5-on-ncert-nic-in/823574 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NCERT ref2">{{cite news |title=NCERT introduces one-year diploma in guidance and counselling for academic year 2022 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/ncert-introduces-one-year-diploma-in-guidance-and-counselling-for-academic-year-2022-10055741.html |access-date=15 October 2021 |publisher=Firstpost |date=14 October 2021 |language=en |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028173120/https://www.firstpost.com/india/ncert-introduces-one-year-diploma-in-guidance-and-counselling-for-academic-year-2022-10055741.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NCERT ref3">{{cite news |title=NCERT introduces new Diploma course in Guidance and Counselling - Apply here, Find out last date |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/education/report-ncert-introduces-new-diploma-course-guidance-and-counselling-apply-here-admissions-2021-ncert-last-date-nov-5-2915478 |access-date=15 October 2021 |publisher=DNA India |date=14 October 2021 |language=en |archive-date=14 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014130649/https://www.dnaindia.com/education/report-ncert-introduces-new-diploma-course-guidance-and-counselling-apply-here-admissions-2021-ncert-last-date-nov-5-2915478 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NCERT ref4">{{cite news |title=NCERT announces Diploma course in Guidance and Counselling for 2022 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/admissions/ncert-announces-diploma-course-in-guidance-and-counselling-for-2022-101634188855678.html |access-date=15 October 2021 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=14 October 2021 |language=en |archive-date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015105725/https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/admissions/ncert-announces-diploma-course-in-guidance-and-counselling-for-2022-101634188855678.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NCERT ref5">{{cite news |title=NCERT launches one-year diploma in guidance and counselling |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/ncert-launches-one-year-diploma-in-guidance-and-counselling-application-deadline-november-5-ncert-nic-in-7571392/ |access-date=15 October 2021 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=14 October 2021 |language=en |archive-date=14 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014091035/https://indianexpress.com/article/education/ncert-launches-one-year-diploma-in-guidance-and-counselling-application-deadline-november-5-ncert-nic-in-7571392/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

National Council of Educational Research and Training had tied up with Microsoft’s global training partner, Tech Avant-Garde (TAG) and facilitated a Connected Learning Community (CLC) for improving digital skills among its teachers.<ref name="ncert ref10">{{cite news |title=TAG ties up with NCERT to enhance teachers' digital skills |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/tag-ties-up-with-ncert-to-enhance-teachers-digital-skills/article36725107.ece |access-date=15 October 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=28 September 2021 |language=en-IN |archive-date=29 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029174851/https://www.thehindu.com/business/tag-ties-up-with-ncert-to-enhance-teachers-digital-skills/article36725107.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Controversies==
{{main|NCERT textbook controversies}}
Ever since its establishment, the organization has faced a great deal of controversy and continues to do so today. The disagreement centers around accusations of, on the one hand, the leftist bias of books pre-2014, and on the other of suppressing the cultural and heritage history of India and attempted [[saffronisation|saffronizing]] of Indian history post-2014. Allegations of [[historical revisionism]] with a Hindu nationalist plan arose in two terms: under the [[Janata Party]] government 1977 to 1980 and again under the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] government from 1998 to 2004. In 2012, the organization has been blamed for publishing 'undefensive' cartoons against [[B. R. Ambedkar|B.R. Ambedkar]], the architect of the Indian Constitution and thus lodging an insult to the Constitution, in its textbooks.<ref name="ndtv-contro">{{cite news |title=Two senior NCERT advisors quit after uproar in Parliament over Ambedkar-Nehru cartoon in textbook |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/two-senior-ncert-advisors-quit-after-uproar-in-parliament-over-ambedkar-nehru-cartoon-in-textbook-482033 |access-date=28 March 2019 |agency=NDTV |date=11 May 2012 |archive-date=28 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328115806/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/two-senior-ncert-advisors-quit-after-uproar-in-parliament-over-ambedkar-nehru-cartoon-in-textbook-482033 |url-status=live }}</ref> The controversy led to the resignation of NCERT chief advisors [[Yogendra Yadav]] and [[Suhas Palshikar]] and an apology from the government.<ref name="ndtv-contro" /><ref>{{cite news |title=2 NCERT textbook advisors resign following Ambedkar cartoon row |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/2-ncert-textbook-advisors-resign-following-ambedkar-cartoon-row/ |access-date=28 March 2019 |agency=The Indian Express |date=11 May 2012 |archive-date=28 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328120026/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/2-ncert-textbook-advisors-resign-following-ambedkar-cartoon-row/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Again in 2022, a new controversy started when both [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] and NCERT removed topics regarding Islamic Empires in the class 12 history textbook and chapters like “Challenges to Democracy” in the class 10 political science subject and many others, saying it is necessary to reduce syllabus to reduce examination pressure on students by removing repeated concepts and lessons learnt in middle school and high school classes.

According to historian [[Sadanand More]], the NCERT, as the zenith organization that provides advice and support for the improvement of school education, has been avoiding mentioning in school history books that about half of the [[Indian subcontinent]] was ruled by the [[Maratha Empire]] for a period before the British [[East India Company]] conquered it.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 3, 2013 |title=NCERT cuts short Shivaji's journey in std VII textbook |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/report-ncert-cuts-short-shivaji-s-journey-in-std-vii-textbook-1830091 |newspaper=DNA India |location=Pune |access-date=August 26, 2017 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809213959/http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/report-ncert-cuts-short-shivaji-s-journey-in-std-vii-textbook-1830091 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Education}}
*[[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE)]]
* [[Central Board of Secondary Education|Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)]]
* [[JEE (Main)|Joint Entrance Examination (Main)]]
* [[National Curriculum Framework (NCF 2005)]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==

* {{Official website}}
{{School education in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Educational organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Delhi]]
[[Category:Educational research]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Delhi]]
[[Category:Education policy in India]]
[[Category:Teacher education in India]]
[[Category:Training organisations in India|Category:Training organizations in India]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1961]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in Delhi]]

National Council of Educational Research and Training - Revision history

OdessaProsser28 at 17:01, 7 March 2026

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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|India\|Education}}~~
	*[[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education\|Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE)]]		*[[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education\|Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE)]]
	* [[Central Board of Secondary Education\|Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)]]		* [[Central Board of Secondary Education\|Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)]]