->Friendlyhistorian: /* Electoral history */

2022-01-06T23:50:23Z

Electoral history

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{{Short description|1998–2019 ruling party of Sudan}}
{{Distinguish|Nationalist Congress Party}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=March 2015}}
{{expert needed|Politics|ex2=Sudan|reason=conflicting dates of establishment|date=April 2020}}
}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = National Congress Party
| native_name = المؤتمر الوطني
| native_name_lang = ar
| logo = NCP newlogo.png
| logo_size = 150px
| colorcode = {{party color|National Congress (Sudan)}}
| colours = {{Color box|{{party color|National Congress (Sudan)}}|border=darkgray}} Green
| leader =
| foundation = {{start date|1998}}<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://constitutionnet.org/country/constitutional-history-sudan | title=Constitutional History of Sudan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |jstor = 41858370|title = The Sudan Since 1989: National Islamic Front Rule|journal = Arab Studies Quarterly|volume = 23|issue = 2|pages = 1–9|last1 = Fluehr-Lobban|first1 = Carolyn|last2 = Lobban|first2 = Richard|year = 2001}}</ref>
| banned = 29 November 2019
| ideology = {{Nowrap|[[Islamism]]<ref name="sudantribune.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?mot137|title=Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan|website=www.sudantribune.com|access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref> [[Arab nationalism]]<ref name="sudantribune.com"/> [[Sufism]] [[Social conservatism]]}} [[Authoritarianism]] [[Militarism]] [[Anti-Americanism]] [[Anti-Zionism]] [[Populism]]<ref name="We've seen Donald Trump's type of p">{{cite web |last1=Jideonwo |first1=Chude |title=We've seen Donald Trump's type of populism in Africa, it always ends in tears |url=https://qz.com/africa/695291/weve-seen-donald-trumps-type-of-populism-in-africa-it-always-ends-in-tears/ |website=Quartz Africa |accessdate=10 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
| position = [[Far-right politics|Far-right]]
| predecessor = [[National Islamic Front]]
| headquarters = [[Khartoum]]
| international = [[Muslim Brotherhood]]
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| website = [http://www.ncp.sd/index.php?lang=en Official website]
| country = Sudan
}}

The '''National Congress Party''' ('''NCP'''; {{lang-ar|المؤتمر الوطني}}, ''{{transl|ar|DIN|al-Mu'tamar al-Waṭanī}}'') was a major [[political party]] that dominated [[Politics of Sudan|domestic politics in Sudan]] from its foundation until the [[Sudanese Revolution]].

After the split of the [[National Islamic Front]] (NIF), the party was divided into two parties. The Islamic Movement led by its secretary [[Hassan al-Turabi]] and the military commanded by [[Omar al-Bashir]] launched a [[1989 Sudanese coup d'état|military coup]] against Prime Minister [[Sadiq al-Mahdi]] and President [[Ahmed al-Mirghani]] in 1989. Omar al-Bashir, who also became president of the National Congress Party and Sudan, seized power and began institutionalising [[Sharia]] at a national level.

After a [[1969 Sudanese coup d'état|military coup in 1969]], Sudanese President [[Gaafar Nimeiry]] abolished all other political parties, effectively dissolving the Islamic parties. Following political transition in 1985, Turabi reorganised the former party into the National Islamic Front (NIF), which pushed for an Islamist constitution. The NIF ultimately backed another military coup bringing to power [[Omar al-Bashir]], who publicly endorsed the NIF’s Islamist agenda. The party structure was composed at the national level of the General Conference, the Shura Council and the Leadership Council, and the Executive Office.

The NCP was established in 1998 by key political figures in the National Islamic Front (NIF) as well as other politicians. The rule of the NCP was the longest in independent contemporary Sudanese history. It grew out of the Islamist student activism of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]], passing through the same revolutionary [[salafi jihadism]]. The party followed the ideologies of [[Islamism]], [[Pan-Arabism]], and [[Arab nationalism]].

The NCP was banned by the [[Sovereignty Council of Sudan]] in the aftermath of the [[2019 Sudanese coup d'état|military takeover]] on 29 November 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47898385 |title=Omar al-Bashir: How Sudan's military strongmen stayed in power |date= 12 April 2019|access-date=24 April 2019|work=BBC News }}</ref> All party properties were confiscated and all party members were barred from participating in elections or holding office for ten years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peoplesdispatch.org/2019/11/29/omar-al-bashirs-political-party-banned-in-sudan/|title=Omar al-Bashir's political party banned in Sudan|date=29 November 2019|website=Peoples Dispatch|language=en-US|access-date=22 February 2020}}</ref>

==Formation of the party==
[[File:NCP Sudan logo.png|thumb|left|150px|NCP logo used in the [[2010 Sudanese general election|2010 Sudanese elections]], dropped after [[South Sudan]] gained independence in 2011.]]
With Omar al-Bashir becoming [[List of Presidents of Sudan|President of Sudan]], the National Congress Party was established as the only legally recognised political party in the nation in 1998, with the very same ideology as its predecessors [[National Islamic Front]] (NIF) and the [[Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation]], which al-Bashir headed as Chairman until 1993. As the sole political party in the state, its members quickly came to dominate the entire [[National Legislature of Sudan|Sudanese parliament]]. However, after [[Hassan al-Turabi]], the [[Speaker (politics)|speaker]] of parliament, introduced a bill to reduce the president's powers, prompting al-Bashir to dissolve parliament and declare a [[state of emergency]], a split began to form inside the organisation. Reportedly, al-Turabi was suspended as [[Party Chair|Chairman]] of National Congress Party after he urged a boycott of the President's re-election campaign. Then, a splinter-faction led by al-Turabi, the Popular National Congress Party (PNC) which was renamed the [[Popular Congress Party (Sudan)|Popular Congress Party]] (PCP) shortly afterwards, signed an agreement with [[Sudan People's Liberation Army]] (SPLA), one of the largest rebel groups in the country, which led al-Bashir to believe that they were plotting to overthrow him and the government.<ref name="BBC profile">{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3273569.stm|title= Profile: Sudan's President Bashir | work=BBC News | date=25 November 2003 | access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref> Al-Turabi was subsequently imprisoned in 2000 on allegations of [[conspiracy (crime)|conspiracy]] before being released in October 2003.<ref name=Denies>Wasil Ali, "[http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27123 Sudanese Islamist opposition leader denies link with Darfur rebels]", ''Sudan Tribune'', 13 May 2008.</ref>

==Approving South Sudanese autonomy==
In 2000, following the Sudanese government approving [[democracy|democratic]] elections that were boycotted by the opposition, it merged with the ''Alliance of Working Peoples' Forces'' Party of former President [[Gaafar Nimeiry]]. This merger later disintegrated with the launch of the Sudanese Socialist Union Party. The utility of the elections was questioned due to their boycotting by the [[Democratic Unionist Party (Sudan)|Democratic Unionist Party]] (DUP) and the [[National Umma Party Sudan|Umma Party]]. At those [[legislative]] [[2000 Sudanese general election|elections]], in December 2000, the party won 355 out of 360 seats. At the presidential elections of the same year, its candidate [[Omar al-Bashir]] was re-elected with 86.5% of the popular vote. National Congress Party members continued to dominate the ''Lawyers' Union'' and heads of most of Sudan's agricultural and university student unions. Following the [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement]] with the [[SPLM]] in 2005, the NCP-dominated government of Sudan allowed Southern Sudan autonomy for six years, to be followed by a referendum on independence in 2011, thus ending the [[Second Sudanese Civil War]]. [[South Sudan]] voted in favour of secession.

==War in Darfur==
Since the outbreak of the [[War in Darfur]] in 2004 between the government of Omar al-Bashir and rebel groups such as the [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army|Sudanese Liberation Army]] (SLA) and the [[Justice and Equality Movement]] (JEM), the NCP has been almost universally criticised for allegedly, however not officially, supporting Arab militias such as the [[Janjaweed]] through a campaign of [[murder]], [[rape]] and [[deportation]] against the militants as well as the local population. Because of the [[guerrilla warfare]] in the Darfur region, between 200,000<ref name="conflict1">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3496731.stm|work=BBC News|title=Q&A: Sudan's Darfur conflict|date=23 February 2010|access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref> and 400,000 people have been killed,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/ |title=The World Factbook - Sudan |publisher=CIA |access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200511/28/eng20051128_224254.html |title=People's Daily Online - Darfur peace talks to resume in Abuja on Tuesday: AU |publisher=English.peopledaily.com.cn |date=28 November 2005 |access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/10/AR2007041001775.html|title= Hundreds Killed in Attacks in Eastern Chad - washingtonpost.com|work=The Washington Post|date=11 April 2007|access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref> while over 2.5 million [[Displaced person|people have been displaced]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/15/AR2006101500655.html|title=AUF Ineffective, Complain Refugees in Darfur |access-date=4 March 2009|work=Washingtonpost.com|date=16 October 2006|first=Alfred|last=de Montesquiou}}</ref> and the [[Chad–Sudan relations|diplomatic relations]] between Sudan and [[Chad]] has never been worse.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7394422.stm|work=BBC News|title=Sudan cuts Chad ties over attack|date=11 May 2008|access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref> This has led to the [[International Criminal Court]] (ICC) indicting State Minister for Humanitarian Affairs [[Ahmed Haroun]] and alleged Muslim Janjawid militia leader Ali Mohammed Ali, also known as [[Ali Kushayb]], in relation to the atrocities in the region.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jul/14/sudan.warcrimes1?gusrc=rss&feed=worldnews|title=Sudan's Bashir charged with Darfur war genocide World news guardian.co.uk|work=The Guardian|location=London|first=Peter|last=Walker|date=14 July 2008|access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref> On 14 July 2008, ten criminal charges were announced against President Omar al-Bashir, and subsequently. a [[arrest warrant|warrant]] for his arrest was issued.<ref name=ocampo>{{cite web |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/press%20and%20media/press%20releases/press%20releases%20(2008)/a |title=ICC Prosecutor presents case against Sudanese President, Hassan Ahmad AL BASHIR, for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes in Darfur |access-date=14 March 2009 |author=International Criminal Court |author-link=International Criminal Court |date=14 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825112142/http://www.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/press%20and%20media/press%20releases/press%20releases%20%282008%29/a |archive-date=25 August 2009 }}</ref><ref name=ICC-warrant>International Criminal Court (4 March 2009). {{cite web |url= http://www2.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc639078.pdf |title= Warrant of Arrest for Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090305043711/http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc639078.pdf |archive-date= 5 March 2009 }} {{small|(358 KB)}}. Retrieved on 4 March 2009</ref><ref name=BBC1>BBC News, 4 March 2009. ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7923102.stm Warrant issued for Sudan's Bashir ]''. Retrieved on 4 March 2009</ref> {{As of|2019|06}}, al-Bashir, Haroun and [[Abdel Rahim Mohammed Hussein]], also a member of the National Congress and indicted by the ICC, were held under detention by Sudanese authorities while the [[Transitional Military Council (2019)|Transitional Military Council]] held power.<ref name="cnn_Haroun_arrested201904" /><ref name="Bensouda_June2019_update" /> Kushayb and [[Abdallah Banda]], also indicted by the ICC, remained fugitives {{as of|2019|06|lc=yes}}.<ref name="cnn_Haroun_arrested201904" /><ref name="Bensouda_June2019_update" />

==2010 election==
{{main|2010 Sudanese general election}}
Despite his international arrest warrant, President [[Omar al-Bashir]] remained the leader of the NCP and its candidate in the [[2010 Sudanese general election|2010 Sudanese presidential election]], the first election with multiple political parties participating in ten years.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article28034|title= SudanTribune article : SPLM Kiir to run for president in Sudan 2009 elections}}</ref> His political rival was [[List of Vice Presidents of Sudan|Vice-President]] [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]], who was also a leader of the [[Sudan People's Liberation Army]] and subsequently became [[President of South Sudan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article28034|title=SPLM Kiir to run for president in Sudan 2009 elections - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan|website=www.sudantribune.com|access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://home.kpn.nl/ende0098/Articles/20080726a.html|title=SPLM Kiir to run for president in Sudan 2009 elections|work=Sudan Tribune|date=27 July 2008}}</ref>

== Electoral history ==

=== Presidential elections ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Election
!Candidate
!Votes
!%
!Result
|-
|[[2000 Sudanese general election|2000]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Omar al-Bashir]]
|
|86.5%
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
|[[2010 Sudanese general election|2010]]
|align="right" | 6,901,694
|68.24%
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
|[[2015 Sudanese general election|2015]]
|align="right" | 5,252,478
|94.05%
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|}

=== National Assembly elections ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Election
!Leader
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!+/–
!Position
!'''Result'''
|-
|[[2000 Sudanese general election|2000]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Omar al-Bashir]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|350|360|green}}
|{{increase}} 350
|{{increase}} 1st
|{{yes2|Supermajority government}}
|-
|[[2010 Sudanese general election|2010]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|323|450|green}}
|{{decrease}} 32
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Supermajority government}}
|-
|[[2015 Sudanese general election|2015]]
|3,915,590
|78.32%
|{{Composition bar|323|426|green}}
|{{steady}}
|{{steady}} 1st
|{{yes2|Supermajority government}}
|}

== See also ==
*[[National Islamic Front]]
*[[Sudan People's Liberation Movement]]
*[[Sudanese Socialist Union]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Bensouda_June2019_update">{{cite web | last1 =Bensouda | first1 =Fatou | author1-link =Fatou Bensouda | title = Statement to the United Nations Security Council on the Situation in Darfur, pursuant to UNSCR 1593 (2005) | publisher =[[International Criminal Court]] | date =19 June 2019 | url = https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name=190619-stat-otp-UNSC-Darfur-Sudan | access-date = 19 June 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190619214801/https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name=190619-stat-otp-UNSC-Darfur-Sudan |archive-date= 19 June 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="cnn_Haroun_arrested201904">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/15/africa/sudan-protest-music-nima-elbagir-intl/index.html|title=As Bashir faces court, Sudan's protesters keep the music alive|date=15 April 2019|last1=Elbagir |first1=Nima |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=19 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619212359/https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/15/africa/sudan-protest-music-nima-elbagir-intl/index.html |archive-date=19 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080521080408/http://ncpsudan.com/ Official National Congress Party Website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090307195202/http://www.trial-ch.org/en/trial-watch/profil/db/facts/omar-hassan-ahmad_al-bashir_779.html Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir]{{Snd}} Trial Watch
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090213072259/http://www.haguejusticeportal.net/eCache/DEF/9/502.c2V0TGFuZz1FTiZMPUVO.html Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir]{{Snd}} the Hague Justice Portal
*"[https://web.archive.org/web/20101110221829/http://sudaninside.net/2007/11/18/omar-el-bashir-order-re-opening-of-popular-defence-training-camps Sudanese President Threaten Wars]," ''Sudan Inside'', 18 November 2007.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080213210041/http://www.heritage.org/Research/MiddleEast/EM245.cfm "A Cautious Welcome for Sudan's New Government,"] by Michael Johns, Heritage Foundation Executive Memorandum #245, 28 July 1989.
*[https://archive.today/20121209014520/http://en.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-476/_nr-1121/i.html Arrest Warrant for Sudan's President Bashir: Arabs Are Leaving Themselves out of the International Justice System]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091108135324/http://www.electionnaire.org/ Sudan Electionnaire]
{{Sudanese political parties}}
{{Islamism}}

[[Category:1992 establishments in Sudan]]
[[Category:2019 disestablishments in Sudan]]
[[Category:Anti-Zionism in Africa]]
[[Category:Anti-Zionist political parties]]
[[Category:Arab nationalism in Sudan]]
[[Category:Arab nationalist political parties]]
[[Category:Banned Islamist parties]]
[[Category:Conservative parties in Sudan]]
[[Category:Defunct conservative parties]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Sudan]]
[[Category:Islamic political parties in Sudan]]
[[Category:Muslim Brotherhood]]
[[Category:Parties of one-party systems]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 2019]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1992]]
[[Category:Sunni Islamic political parties]]
[[Category:Sufi organizations]]

National Congress Party (Sudan) - Revision history

->Friendlyhistorian: /* Electoral history */